THEORY OF STRUCTURES 2

CHAPTER 4.1 – ANALYSIS OF FRAMES: NO SIDESWAY

A frame will not sidesway, or be displaced to the left or right, provided it is properly restrained. Examples are shown in
figure:

Also, no sidesway will occur in an unrestrained frame provided it is symmetric with respect to both loading and
geometry, as shown in figure:

For both cases the term Ψ in the slope deflection equations is equal to zero, since bending does not cause the joints to
have a linear displacement.

EXAMPLES

1. Determine the moments at each joint of the frame shown in figure. EI is constant.

SOLUTION :
 2
−5 w L2 −5 ( 24 ) ( 8 )
( FEM )BC = = =−80 kN −m
96 96
2
5 w L2 −5 ( 24 ) ( 8 )
( FEM )CB = = =80 kN −m
96 96

θ A =θ D=0

Ψ =0

M N =2 Ek ( 2 θ N +θ F −3Ψ ) +( FEM ) N

I
M AB=2 E ( 2(0)+θB −3(0) ) + 0
12

M AB=0.1667 EI θ B

I
M BA =2 E ( 2(θ B )+0−3(0) ) +0
12

M BA =0.333 EI θB

I
M BC =2 E ( 2(θ B )+θC −3 (0) )−80
8

M BC =0.5 EI θ B +0.25 EI θC −80

I
M CB =2 E ( 2(θC )+ θB −3(0) ) +80
8

M CB =0.5 EI θC +0.25 EIθ B+ 80

I
M CD =2 E ( 2(θ C )+0−3(0) ) + 0
12

M CD =0.333 EI θC

I
M DC =2 E ( 2(0)+θC −3(0) ) +0
12

M DC =0.1667 EI θC

M BA + M BC =0

M CB + M CD =0

0.833 EI θ B +0.25 EI θC =80

0.833 EI θC +0.25 EI θ B=−80

137.1
θ B=−θ C =
EI

M AB=22.9 kN −m
 M BA =45.7 kN−m

M BC =−45.7 kN −m

M CB =45.7 kN −m

M CD =−45.7 kN−m

M DC =−22.9 kN −m

2. Determine the internal moments at each joint of the frame shown in figure. The moment of inertia for each member
is given in the figure. E = 29(10)3 ksi.

SOLUTION :

400
k AB = 4
=0.001286 ft 2
15 (12)

800
k BC =
16 ¿ ¿

200
k CD= 4
=0.000643 ft 2
15(12)

650
k CE=
12 ¿ ¿

−PL −6 (16 )
( FEM )BC = = =−12 k−ft
8 8
 PL 6 (16 )
( FEM )CB = = =12 k−ft
8 8
2
−w L2 −3 (12)
( FEM )CE = = =−54 k−ft
8 8

θ A =0

Ψ =0

M N =2 Ek ( 2 θ N +θ F −3Ψ ) +( FEM ) N

M AB=2 ¿

M AB=10740.7 θ B

M BA =2 ¿

M BA =21481.5 θB

M BC =2 ¿

M BC =40273.8 θB +20136.9 θC −12

M CB =2¿

M CB =40273.8 θC +20136.9 θB + 12

M N =3 Ek ( θN −Ψ ) +(FEM )N

M CD =3 ¿

M CD =8055.6 θC

M CE =3 ¿

M CE =32725.7 θC −54

M BA + M BC =0

M CB + M CD + M CE=0

61759.3 θB + 20138.9θ C =12

20136.7 θ B+ 81059.0θ C =42

θ B=2.758(10)−5 rad

θC =5.113(10)−4 rad

M AB=0.296 k−ft
 M BA =0.592 k−ft

M BC =−0.592 k−ft

M CB =33.1 k−ft

M CD =4.12 k −ft

M CE =−37.3 k−ft

ANALYSIS OF FRAMES: SIDESWAY

A frame will sidesway, or be displaced to the side, when it or the loading acting on it is nonsymmetric. To illustrate this
effect, consider the frame shown in figure:

Here the loading P causes unequal moments M BC and MCB at the joints B and C, respectively. M BC tends to displace joint B
to the right, whereas M CB, the net result is a sidesway Δ of both joints B and C to the right, as shown in figure. When
applying the slope-deflection equation to each column of this frame, we must therefore consider the column rotation Ψ
(since Ψ = Δ/L) as unknown in the equation. As a result an extra equilibrium equation must be included for the solution.
In the previous sections it was shown that unknown angular displacements ϴ were related by joint moment equilibrium
equations. In a similar manner, when unknown joint linear displacements Δ (or span rotations Ψ) occur, we must write
force equilibrium equations in order to obtain the complete solution. The unknowns in these equations, however, must
only involve the internal moments acting at the ends of the columns, since the slope-deflection equations involve these
moments. The technique for solving problems for frames with sidesway is best illustrated by examples.

EXAMPLES

Determine the moments at each joint of the frame shown in figure. EI is constant.
 SOLUTION :

since ∆ are both equal

∆ ∆
Ψ AB = ∧Ψ DC =
12 18

Ψ AB ( 12 )=Ψ DC (18)

M AB=2 E ( 12I )(2 ( 0 ) +θ −3 ( 1812 Ψ ))+ 0

B DC

M AB=EI (0.1667 θB −0.75 Ψ DC )

M BA =2 E ( 12I )(2 (θ )+ 0−3 ( 1812 Ψ ))+ 0

B DC

M BA =EI ( 0.333 θ B−0.75 Ψ DC )

M BC =2 E ( 15I )( 2 (θ )+θ −3 ( 0 ) )+0

B C

M BC =EI (0. 267 θB + 0.133 θC )

M CB =2 E ( 15I )( 2( θ )+θ −3 ( 0) )+ 0
C B

M CB =EI (0.267 θC +0. 133 θB )

M CD =2 E ( 18I ) (2 (θ )+0−3 (Ψ
C DC ) ) +0

M CD =EI (0.222 θC −0.333 Ψ DC )

M DC =2 E ( 18I )( 2( 0 )+ θ −3 (Ψ
C DC ) )+ 0

M DC =EI (0. 111θ C −0. 333Ψ DC )

 M BA + M BC =0

M CB + M CD =0

∑ Fx=0 (For Frame)

40−V A −V D=0

∑ M B=0
−M AB + M BA
V A=
12

∑ M C =0
−M DC + M CD
V D=
18

40−¿

Substitute :

EI ( 0.333 θ B−0.75 Ψ DC ) + EI ( 0.267 θ B +0.133 θC ) =0

EI ( 0.267 θ C + 0.133θ B ) + EI ( 0.222θ C −0.333 Ψ DC ) =0

EI (0.1667 θ B−0.75 Ψ DC )+ EI (0.333 θB −0.75 Ψ DC ) EI (0.111θC −0.333 Ψ DC )+ EI ( 0.222θC −0.333 Ψ DC )

40+ + =0
12 18

Simplify all equations :

0.6 θ B +0.133 θC −0.75 Ψ DC =0

0.133 θ B+ 0.489θ C −0.333 Ψ DC =0

−480
0.5 θ B+ 0.222θ C −1.944 Ψ DC =
EI

Solve for the variables :

EI θ B=438.81

EI θC =136.18
 EI Ψ DC =375.26

Substitute :

M AB=−208 k −ft

M BA =−135 k −ft

M BC =135 k −ft

M CB =94.8 k −ft

M CD =−94.8 k −ft

M DC =−110 k −ft

2. Determine the moments at each joint of the frame shown in figure. EI is constant for each member.

SOLUTION :
 −w L2
( FEM )BC = =−2 ¿ ¿
12

w L2
( FEM )CB = =2¿ ¿
12

∆1 −∆2 ∆3
Ψ 1= ,Ψ 2= , Ψ 3=
10 12 20

∆ 2=0.50 ∆ 1 , ∆3 =0.866 ∆1

Ψ 2=−0.417 Ψ 1 ,Ψ 3 =0.433 Ψ 1

M AB=2 E ( 10I ) (2 ( 0 ) +θ −3 (Ψ ) )+0

B 1

M BA =2 E ( 10I )( 2 (θ )+ 0−3 ( Ψ ) )+0

B 1

M BC =2 E ( 12I ) (2 (θ )+θ −3 (−0.417 Ψ ))−24

B C 1

I
M CB =2 E ( ) 2 ( θ ) +θ −3 (−0.417 Ψ 1 ) ) + 24
12 ( C B

M CD =2 E ( 20I )( 2( θ )+0−3 (0.433 Ψ ) )+0

C 1

M DC =2 E ( 20I )( 2 ( 0 ) +θ −3 (0.433 Ψ )) +0
C 1
 ¿ EQUATION :

M BA + M BC =0

M CD + M CB =0

∑ M O =0
M AB + M BA M + M CD
M AB + M DC − ( 34 )− DC ( 40.78 ) −24 ( 6 ) =0
10 20

−2.4 M AB−3.4 M BA−2.04 M CD −1.04 M DC −144=0

¿ STITUE :

2E ( 10I ) (2 (θ )+0−3( Ψ ))+0+ 2 E ( 12I ) (2 (θ )+θ −3 (−0.417 Ψ ))−24=0

B 1 B C 1
2E ( 20I ) (2 (θ )+0−3 (0.433 Ψ ))+ 0+2 E ( 12I )( 2 (θ )+θ −3 (−0.417 Ψ )) +24=0
C 1 C B 1

−2.4 (2 E ( 10I )( 2 ( 0 ) +θ −3 (Ψ )))−3.4 ¿

B 1

SIMPLIFY :

24
0.733 θ B+ 0.167 θC −0.392 Ψ 1=
EI

−24
0.167 θ B +0.533 θC +0.0784 Ψ 1=
EI

144
−1.840 θB −0.512 θC +3.880 Ψ 1=
EI

EI θ B=87.67

EI θC =−82.3

EIΨ 1=67.83

SUBSTITUTE :

M AB=−23.2 k −ft

M BA =−5.63 k−ft

M BC =5.63 k −ft

M CB =25.3 k−ft

M CD =−2 5 .3 k −ft

M DC =−17.0 k−ft