CLASS X CBSE PATTERN CHAPTERWISE NOTES

CHAPTER - 14 SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES

INTRODUCTION

All of us know about the basic shapes that we encounter in daily life. The common shapes are
cylinders, cubes, cuboids, cones and spheres. Now let us have a brief insight into the technical
parameters of these shapes. The dimensions encountered while viewing a cube are length,
breadth and height. The cube is a three dimensional view of a square in two dimensions .The
length, breadth and height have equal measurements in a cube. The case of a cuboid is different.
The cuboid is a three dimensional view of a rectangle in two dimensions. The dimensions of
length, breadth and height in a cuboid have different measurements.

When we consider a cylinder, it has two dimensions like radius and height. Height here refers to
the vertical height of the cylinder. In a cone, there are three dimensions to be considered namely
the radius, vertical height and the slant height. A sphere is easier to be analyzed. Only one
dimension which is the radius is to be considered in the case of a sphere.

There are two areas namely the lateral surface area and the total surface area to be considered in
the case of a cuboid and a cube.

There are two different types of areas like the curved surface area and total surface area to be
considered in the case of cylinder ,cone and sphere.

Here, in this chapter we are going to discuss problems related to areas and volumes of the basic
shapes.

AREA AND VOLUME OF A CUBE

When we look at a cube, we can see that there are six faces ,twelve edges and eight vertices in a
cube. The surface area formulas for a cube are given below:

(i) The lateral surface area of a cube = 4 X a2 where 'a' is the side of a cube.

Note: There are 4 sides seen laterally excluding the top and bottom.

(ii) The total surface area of a cube = 6 X a2 where 'a' is the side of a cube

(iii) The volume of a cube = a3 , where ‘a’ is the side of a cube.

AREA AND VOLUME OF A CUBOID

The case of a cuboid is different where length, breadth and height are different.

The cuboid also has 6 faces,8 vertices and 12 edges as in the case of a cube.

Total surface area of a cuboid = 2 *(lb + bh +lh) where l, b and h are the length , breadth and
height of a cuboid respectively.

Volume of a cuboid = l* b* h where l, b and h are the length, breadth and height of a cuboid
respectively.

AREA AND VOLUME OF CYLINDER

The cylinder has a curved surface and the height to be considered in the case of a cylinder is the
vertical height. The area to be considered in this case is of the curved surface and the total
surface. The cylinder may be hollow inside or solid.

The curved surface area of hollow cylinder = 2*π*R*h +2*π*r*h

Where,’R’ is the external radius of the hollow cylinder and ‘r’ is the internal radius of the
hollow cylinder.

‘h’ is the vertical height of the hollow cylinder.

Here, in this case the external surface area and the internal surface area are considered.

The curved surface area of a solid cylinder = 2*π*r*h

Where ‘r and ‘h’ are the radius of base and height of the solid cylinder respectively.

The total surface area of a hollow cylinder = 2*π*R*h + 2*π*r*h +2 *π*(R2 - r2)

Where ‘R’,’r’ and ‘h’ are the external radius ,internal radius and the vertical height of the hollow
cylinder respectively.

The total surface area of the solid cylinder = 2 *π*r*(h + r)

Where ‘r’ is the base radius and ‘h’ is the vertical height of the solid cylinder.

The volume of a hollow cylinder = π*h *(R2-r2)

Where ‘R’ and ‘r’ are the external and internal radii of the hollow cylinder respectively.

The volume of a solid cylinder = π*r2* h

Where ‘r’ is the base radius and ‘h’ is the vertical height of the solid cylinder.