CHAPTER 38 INEQUALITIES

EXERCISE 154 Page 402

1. Solve: (a) 3t  6 (b) 2x  10

6
(a) 3t  6 i.e. t  3 i.e. t 2

10
(b) 2x  10 i.e. x  2 i.e. x  5

x
2. Solve: (a) 2  1.5 (b) x + 2  5

x
(a) 2  1.5 i.e. x  2(1.5) i.e. x3
(b) x + 2  5 i.e. x  5 – 2 i.e. x  3

3. Solve: (a) 4t - 1  3 (b) 5 - x  -1

(a) 4t – 1  3 i.e. 4t  3 + 1 i.e. 4t  4 i.e. t1

(b) 5 - x  -1 i.e. 5 + 1  x i.e. x  6

7  2k
4. Solve: (a) 4 1 (b) 3z + 2  z + 3

7  2k 3
(a) 4  1 i.e. 7 – 2k  4 i.e. 7 – 4  2k i.e. 3  2k and k 2
1
(b) 3z + 2  z + 3 i.e. 3z – z  3 – 2 i.e. 2z 1 and z 2

5. Solve: (a) 5 - 2y  9 + y (b) 1 - 6x  5 + 2x

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 4 4
 
(a) 5 – 2y  9 + y i.e. 5 – 9  y + 2y i.e. -4  3y i.e. 3 y or y 3

4 1

(b) 1 - 6x  5 + 2x i.e. 1 – 5  2x + 6x i.e. -4  8x i.e. 8 x or x-2

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EXERCISE 155 Page 403

t 1
1. Solve: 4

t 1
If 4 then -4t+14

- 4  t + 1 becomes -5t

t+14 becomes t3

Hence, -5t 3

y3
2. Solve: 2

y3
If 2 then -2y+32

- 2  y + 3 becomes -5y

y+32 becomes y-1

Hence, -5y-1

2x  1
3. Solve: 4

2x 1
If 4 then -4  2x – 1  4

3

-4  2x – 1 becomes -3  2x and 2 x

5
2x – 1  4 becomes 2x  5 and x 2

3 5

Hence, 2  x 2

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 3t  5
4. Solve: 4

3t  5
If  4 then -4 3t – 5  4

1 1
-4  3t – 5 becomes 5 - 4  3t and 1  3t i.e. 3  t or t  3

3t – 5  4 becomes 3t  4 + 5 and 3t  9 i.e. t3

1
Hence, t  3 and t  3

1 k
5. Solve: 3

1 k
3 means 1–k3 and 1–k-3

i.e. 1–3k and 1+3k

i.e. k-2 and k4

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EXERCISE 156 Page 404

x4
1. Solve: 6  2x  0

x4 x4
Since 6  2x  0 then 6  2x must be positive.
x4
For 6  2x to be positive, either (i) x + 4  0 and 6 – 2x  0 or (ii) x + 4  0 and 6 – 2x  0
(i) If x + 4  0 then x  - 4 and if 6 – 2x  0 then 6  2x and x  3

Both of the inequalities x  - 4 and x  3 are only true when - 4  x  3,

x4
i.e. the fraction 6  2x is positive when - 4  x  3
(ii) If x + 4  0 then x  - 4 and if 6 – 2x  0 then 6  2x and x  3

It is not possible to satisfy both x  - 4 and x  3

x4
Summarising, 6  2x  0 when - 4  x  3

2t  4
2. Solve: t  5  1

2t  4 2t  4 2t  4 t  5

 2t  4    t  5 
If t  5  1 then t 5 - 1  0 i.e. t  5 t  5  0 and t 5 0

t9
i.e. t 5  0 Hence, either (i) t + 9  0 and t – 5  0

or (ii) t + 9  0 and t – 5  0

(i) t  - 9 and t  5 and both inequalities are true when t  5

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(ii) t  - 9 and t  5 and both inequalities are true when t  - 9

2t  4
Hence, t  5  1 is true when t  5 or t  - 9

3z  4
3. Solve: z  5  2

3z  4 3z  4 3z  4 2(z  5) (3z  4)  2(z  5)


If z  5  2 then z5 - 2  0 i.e. z  5 (z  5)  0 and z5 0

3z  4  2z  10 z  14
i.e. z5 0 i.e. z  5  0

Hence, either (i) z - 14  0 and z+50

or (ii) z – 14  0 and z+50

(i) z  14 and z  -5 i.e. - 5  z  14

(ii) z  14 and z  -5 Both of these inequalities are not possible to satisfy.

3z  4
Hence, z  5  2 is true when - 5  z  14

2x
4. Solve: x  3  4

2x 2x 2  x 4(x  3)


 2  x    4x  12 
If x  3  4 then x 3 - 4  0 i.e. x3 x  3  0 and x 3 0

5x  10
i.e. x3  0 Hence, either (i) - 5x - 10  0 and x+30

or (ii) - 5x – 10  0 and x + 3  0

(i) - 5x  10 i.e. x  - 2 and x  - 3 thus both inequalities are true when - 3  x  - 2

(ii) - 5x  10 i.e. x  - 2 and x  - 3 and both of these inequalities are not possible to satisfy

2x
Hence, x  3  4 is true when - 3  x  - 2

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EXERCISE 157 Page 405

2
1. Solve: z  16

If z  16 then z  16 or z  - 16
2

i.e. z  4 or z  - 4

2
2. Solve: z  16

- 16  z  16
2
If z  16 then

i.e. –4 z 4

2
3. Solve: 2x  6

2x 2  6 i.e. x2  3 hence, x 3 or x- 3

2
4. Solve: 3k - 2  10

3k 2  2  10 i.e. 3k 2  12 and k2  4

Hence, - 4 k 4 i.e. - 2  k  2

 t  1
2

5. Solve:  36

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 t  1
2

 36 then - 36  (t – 1)  36

i.e. - 6  (t – 1)  6

i.e. 1-6t6+1

i.e. -5t7

 t  1
2

6. Solve:  36

 t  1
2

 36 then (t – 1)  36 or (t – 1)  - 36

i.e. (t – 1)  6 or (t – 1)  -6

i.e. t 7 or t -5

2
7. Solve: 7 - 3y  -5

2 2
Since 7 - 3y  -5 then 7 + 5  3y

2 2
i.e. 12  3y and 4 y or y2  4

2
If y  4 then y  4 or y  - 4

i.e. y  2 or y  - 2

 4k  5
2

8. Solve: 9

 4k  5
2

9 then 4k + 5  9 or 4k + 5  - 9

i.e. 4k + 5  3 or 4k + 5  -3

i.e. 4k  -2 or 4k  -8

1

and k 2 or k -2

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EXERCISE 158 Page 406

2
1. Solve: x - x - 6  0

x2  x  6  0 thus (x – 3)(x + 2)  0

Either (i) x – 3  0 and x+20

or (ii) x – 3  0 and x+20

(i) x 3 and x  -2 i.e. x3

(ii) x  3 and x  -2 i.e. x-2

2
2. Solve: t + 2t - 8  0

2
Since t + 2t - 8  0 then (t - 2)(t + 4)  0 by factorising.

For the product (t - 2)(t + 4) to be negative, either (i) (t - 2)  0 and (t + 4)  0

or (ii) (t - 2)  0 and (t + 4)  0

(i) Since (t - 2)  0 then t  2 and since (t + 4)  0 then t  - 4

It is not possible to satisfy both t  2 and t  - 4 , thus no values of t satisfies the inequality (i)

(ii) Since (t - 2)  0 then t  2 and since (t + 4)  0 then t  - 4

Hence, (ii) is satisfied when - 4  t  2

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 2
Summarising, t + 2t - 8  0 is satisfied when - 4  t  2

2
3. Solve: 2 x + 3x - 2  0

2x 2  3x  2  0 thus (2x – 1)(x + 2)  0

Either (i) 2x – 1  0 and x+20

or (ii) 2x – 1  0 and x+20

1
(i) 2x  1 i.e. x  2 and x  -2 both of which are not possible

1 1
(ii) 2x  1 i.e. x  2 and x  -2 thus -2x 2

2
4. Solve: y - y - 20  0

2
Since y - y - 20  0 then (y - 5)(y + 4)  0 by factorising.

For the product (y - 5)(y + 4) to be positive, either (i) (y - 5)  0 and (y + 4)  0

or (ii) (y - 5)  0 and (y + 4)  0

(i) Since (y - 5)  0 then y  5 and since (y + 4)  0 then y  - 4

Both of these inequalities are satisfied only when y  5

(ii) Since (y - 5)  0 then y  5 and since (y + 4)  0 then y  - 4

Both of these inequalities are satisfied only when y  - 4

2
Summarising, y - y - 20  0 is satisfied when either y  5 or y  - 4

2
5. Solve: z + 4z + 4  4

z 2  4z  4  4 i.e. z 2  4z  0 i.e. z(z + 4)  0

Either (i) z  0 and z  -4 i.e. -4z0

or (ii) z  0 and z  -4 both of which are not possible

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 2
6. Solve: x + 6x + 6  0

x 2 + 6x + 6 does not factorise; completing the square gives:

x 2 + 6x + 6   x  3 + 6 - 3   x  3 - 3
2 2
2

 x  3  x  3
2 2

The inequality thus becomes: -30 or 3

From equation 2, - 3  (x + 3)  3 from which,

 3 3  x
 3 3 
2
Hence, x + 6x + 6  0 is satisfied when
 33  x
 33 

2
7. Solve: t - 4t - 7  0

 t  2
2

Since t  4t  7  0
2
then -7–40

 t  2
2

i.e.  11

and t – 2  11 or t – 2  - 11

thus, t
 2 11  or t
 2 11 

2
8. Solve: k + k - 3  0

2
 1 1
k  
2
Since k + k – 3  0 then  2  -3– 4 0

2
 1 13
k  
i.e.  2  4

1 13 1 13
and k– 2  4 or k– 2 - 4

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  13 1   13 1 
      
 4 2   4 2 
thus, k or k

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