18/7/2020 How to Design efficient Street lighting-(Part-1) | Electrical Notes & Articles

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How to Design efficient Street lighting-(Part-1)

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LIGHTING-PART-1/#COMMENTS)

Introduction:

The basic idea of roadway and Highway lighting is to provide uniform level of illumination on road at horizontal and vertical level and provide a safe and
comfortable environment for the night time driver.
Lighting design is basic idea of the selection and the location of lighting equipment to provide improved visibility and increased safety.
Street lighting systems should be designed in a way to avoid significant differences in luminance levels at the light source and on road areas. Furthermore,
continuous variation of lighting levels can cause eye strain and should be avoided, in particular on long roads.
Road lighting provides visual conditions for safe, quick and comfortable movement of Road users.

Designing Factor for Street Light:

The factors that are playing a vital role in the Road Lighting are following.

(A) Type of Road

Road Classification

(B) Street Light Pole

Street Light Pole Arrangements

Placement of Pole

(C) Lighting Fixture

Lighting Fixture Mounting Height

Lighting Fixture Classification
Lighting Fixture Distributor

(D) Lighting Factors

Maintenance Factor
Coefficient of Utilization

(E) Lighting Uniformity

Lighting Uniformity
Surrounding Ratio

(F) Lighting Pollution

Glare
Sky Glow
Trespass

(G) Selection of Luminas

Type of Light
Wa
Lumen
CRI

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Efficiency

(A) Road Classification:

Table 4 : Road Classes as per SP 72 (Part 8), IS 1944 (Part 1) and IS 1970

Important routes with rapid and dense traffic where safety, traffic speed,
Class A1
and driving comfort are the main considerations
Main Roads with considerable volume of mixed traffic, such as main city
Class A2
streets, arterial roads and thoroughfares.
Secondary roads with considerable traffic such as main local traffic routes,
Class B1
shopping streets
Class B2 Secondary roads, with light traffic
Lighting for residential and unclassified roads not included in previous
Class C
groups
Class D Lighting for bridges and flyovers
Class E Lighting for town and city centers
Lighting for roads with special requirement such as roads near air fields,
Class F
railways and docks

TYPE OF ROAD

TYPE OF
DENSITY OF TRAFFIC TYPE EXAMPLE
ROAD
National highways or state
Heavy and high speed Road with fixed separators, No highways or called interstate
A
motorized traffic crossings for very long distance highways, express ways or
motor ways
Road which is made for vehicular
Slightly lower density
traffic with adjoining streets for Trunk road or major road in a
B and lower speed traffic
slow traffic and pedestrians as we city
termed
find in metros
Important urban roads or rural
Heavy and moderate
C roads. they do not interfere with Ring roads
speed traffic
the local traffic within the town
Linking to shopping areas and
D Slow traffic, pedestrians invariably the pedestrians, Shopping street, trunk road
approach road
Limited speed. Slow or
mixed traffic
E Local streets, collectors road
predominantly
pedestrians,

(B) Street Light Pole:

(1) Street Light Arrangement:

There are four basic types of street lighting layout arrangements used for streets or highways illumination.

(A) One Side Pole Layout:

In One Side Pole Layout, all luminaries are located on one side of the road.
Road Width: For narrower roads.
Pole Height: The installation height of the lamp be equal to or less than the effective width of the road surface.

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Advantage: There are good indelibility and low manufacturing cost.

Disadvantage: The brightness (illuminance) of the road on the side where the lamp is not placed is lower than the on which side the light pole is placed.

(B) Both Side Staggered Pole Layout:

In the staggered arrangement, the luminaires are placed alternately on each side of the road in a “zig-zag” or staggered fashion.
Road Width: For Medium Size roads.
Pole Height: The installation height of the lamp is equal or 1.5 time the effective width of the road.

Advantage: This type of arrangement is be er than single side arrangement.

Disadvantage: Their longitudinal luminance uniformity is generally low and creates an alternating pa ern of bright and dark patches. However, during
wet weather they cover the whole road be er than single-side arrangements.

(C) Both Side opposite Pole Layout:

In Both Side Opposite Pole Layout, the luminaries located on both sides of the road opposite to one another.
Road Width: For Medium Size roads.
Pole Height: The installation height of the lamp will be 2 to 2.5 time the effective width of the road.

Advantage: opposite arrangements may provide slightly be er lighting under wet conditions.
Disadvantage:
If the arrangement is used for a dual carriageway with a central reserve of at least one-third the carriageway with, or if the central reserve includes other
significant visual obstructions (such as trees or screens), it effectively becomes two single-sided arrangements and must be treated as such.

(D) Twin-central Pole Layout:

In Twin central arrangement, the luminaries are mounted on a T-shaped in the middle of the center island of the road. The central reserve is not too wide,
both luminaires can contribute to the luminance of the road surface on either lane.
Road Width: For Large Size roads.
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Pole Height: The installation height of the lamp be equal to the effective width of the road.

Advantage: This arrangement generally more efficient than opposite arrangements. However, opposite arrangements may provide slightly be er
lighting under wet conditions.
Disadvantage:

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About Jignesh.Parmar (B.E,Mtech,MIE,FIE,CEng)

Jignesh Parmar has completed M.Tech (Power System Control), B.E(Electrical). He is member of Institution of Engineers (MIE) and CEng,India. Membership
No:M-1473586.He has more than 16 years experience in Transmission -Distribution-Electrical Energy theft detection-Electrical Maintenance-Electrical
Projects (Planning-Designing-Technical Review-coordination -Execution). He is Presently associate with one of the leading business group as a Deputy
Manager at Ahmedabad,India. He has published numbers of Technical Articles in “Electrical Mirror”, “Electrical India”, “Lighting India”,”Smart Energy”,
“Industrial Electrix”(Australian Power Publications) Magazines. He is Freelancer Programmer of Advance Excel and design useful Excel base Electrical
Programs as per IS, NEC, IEC,IEEE codes. He is Technical Blogger and Familiar with English, Hindi, Gujarati, French languages. He wants to Share his
experience & Knowledge and help technical enthusiasts to find suitable solutions and updating themselves on various Engineering Topics.

2 Responses to How to Design efficient Street lighting-(Part-1)

Emmanuel Osafo Gyane says:

April 24, 2019 at 8:34 pm
You are doing wonderfully a lot for me. Keep it up and thanks.

Reply
Mahesh Bende says:
April 25, 2019 at 4:46 am
Good & Valuable information.

Reply

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