BSI Practical File

Aannshul Bandiya
18003
BMS 2B
Q8: In a study conducted by Byers et al. (A-2), researchers tested a Poisson model for the
distribution of activities of daily living (ADL) scores after a 7-month prehabilitation program
designed to prevent functional decline among physically frail, community-living older
persons. ADL measured the ability of individuals to perform essential tasks, including
walking inside the house, bathing, upper and lower body dressing, transferring from a chair,
toileting, feeding, and grooming. The scoring method used in this study assigned a value of 0
for no (personal) help and no difficulty, 1 for difficulty but no help, and 2 for help regardless
of difficulty. Scores were summed to produce an overall score ranging from 0 to 16 (for eight
tasks). There were 181 subjects who completed the study. Suppose we use the authors’
scoring method to assess the status of another group of 181 subjects relative to their activities
of daily living. Let us assume that the following results were obtained.
X Observed Expected X Observed Expected
Frequency X Frequency Frequency X Frequency
0 74 11.01 7 4 2.95
1 27 30.82 8 3 1.03
2 14 43.15 9 2 0.32
3 14 40.27 10 3 0.09
4 11 28.19 11 4 0.02
5 7 15.79 12 or more 13 0.01
6 5 7.37
Test the null hypothesis that these data were drawn from a Poisson distribution with λ = 2.8.
Let α = .01.

Sol:

X O E (After O-E (O-E)^2 Chi- Square = (O-

grouping) E)^2/E
0 74 11.01 -62.99 3967.74 360.376
1 27 30.82 3.82 14.5924 0.473472
2 14 43.15 29.15 849.7225 19.69229
3 14 40.27 26.27 690.1129 17.13715
4 11 28.19 17.19 295.4961 10.4823
5 7 15.79 8.79 77.2641 4.89323
6 or 34 11.79 -22.21 493.2841 41.83919
more
Total 454.8937

Ho: The data was drawn from a Poisson distribution

The data was not drawn from a Poisson
Ha: distribution

454.893670
Chi-Square Test 1
Chi-Square Critical 16.81189

Since, Chi-Square Test > Chi-square Critical

So, we reject Ho at 1% significance level.
Thus, the given data was not drawn from a Poisson
distribution.
Q9: The following are 15 measurements of the octane rating of a certain kind of gasoline:
97.5, 95.2, 97.3, 96.0, 96.8, 100.3, 97.4, 95.3, 93.2, 99.1, 96.1, 97.6, 98.2, 98.5 and 94.9. Use
the signed-rank test at the 0.05 level of significance to test whether the mean octane rating of
the given kind of gasoline is 98.5. (Given T 0.05=21)

Sol:

Ho u = 98.5
Ha u <> 98.5

Alpha, α 0.05

Sno X di=Xi- Abs(di Rank Signed

U ) Rank
1 97.5 -1 1 4 -4
2 95.2 -3.3 3.3 12 -12
3 97.3 -1.2 1.2 6 -6
4 96 -2.5 2.5 10 -10
5 96.8 -1.7 1.7 7 -7
6 100.3 1.8 1.8 8 8
7 97.4 -1.1 1.1 5 -5
8 95.3 -3.2 3.2 11 -11
9 93.2 -5.3 5.3 14 -14
10 99.1 0.6 0.6 2 2
11 96.1 -2.4 2.4 9 -9
12 97.6 -0.9 0.9 3 -3
13 98.2 -0.3 0.3 1 -1
14 98.5 0 0
15 94.9 -3.6 3.6 13 -13
T- -95 T+ 10 T 10

Test statistic, T 10
Critical P value 21

Conclusion We reject Ho at 5% level of significance.

Thus, the mean octane rating of the given kind of gasoline is
not 98.5.
Q10: Given the data for Caffeine doses and Endurance time in 9 Bicyclists to study the effect
of different dosages of caffeine on endurance performance time.
Dose/Subjec 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
t
0 36.0 52.47 56.55 45.2 35.25 66.38 40.57 57.15 28.34
5
5 42.4 85.15 63.2 52.1 66.2 73.25 44.5 57.17 35.05
7
9 51.5 65 73.1 64.4 57.45 76.49 40.55 66.47 33.17
13 37.5 59.3 79.12 58.33 70.54 69.47 46.48 66.35 36.2
5
Check if there is any change in endurance performance due to change in caffeine doses.

Sol:

Dose/S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mea SSB

ubject n
0 36.0 52.4 56.5 45.2 35.2 66.3 40.5 57.1 28.3 46.4 696.
5 7 5 5 8 7 5 4 4 4321
5 42.4 85.1 63.2 52.1 66.2 73.2 44.5 57.1 35.0 57.6 53.5
7 5 5 7 5 7667 824
9 51.5 65 73.1 64.4 57.4 76.4 40.5 66.4 33.1 58.6 106.
5 9 5 7 7 8111 7778
13 37.5 59.3 79.1 58.3 70.5 69.4 46.4 66.3 36.2 58.1 76.3
5 2 3 4 7 8 5 4889 2934
Mean 41.8 65.4 67.9 55.0 57.3 71.3 43.0 61.7 33.1 55.2 933.
925 8 925 075 6 975 25 85 9 3667 1216
SST 712. 419. 650. 0.21 18.0 104 596. 171. 1944 5557
2671 7035 8451 0069 3418 4.69 4992 5227 .222 .994

TSS = 7752.773
SSE = 1261.657
MSE = 52.56904

ANOVA Table
Source of SS df MS F test F
Variation Critical
Treatment 5557.994 3 311.0405 5.9168 3.008787
Block 933.1216 8 694.7493 13.21594 2.355081
Error 1261.657 24 52.56904
Total 7752.773 36

Since, F test > F crit as 5.92 > 3.01

So, we reject Ho at 5% significance level.
Which means that the true means are not all equal
Thus, there is change in endurance performance due to change in
caffeine doses.
Q11: Dormitory residency is sometimes advertised as being beneficial to students because it
helps foster a connectedness to the university and maybe help the students develop an
academic lifestyle. In one study involving 408 entering students in 1995, students were
classified according to (i) whether they lived in a campus dormitory during their first year,
and (ii) whether they had graduated within 6 years of entering college. The data is presented
in a table below.
Dorm Not
Dorm
Grad 6 Yrs. 204 20
Grad > 6 160 24
Yrs.
We are interested in comparing 6-year graduation rate of dormitory residents versus non-
dormitory residents.

Sol:

   Dorm Not Dorm

Grad <= 6 204 20 224
Yrs.
Grad > 6 Yrs. 160 24 184
364 44 408

Expected Frequency and calculation of Chi-square:

199.8 24.1568627 224 0.086465 0.715304
4
164.1 19.8431373 184 0.105262 0.870805
6
364 44 408 1.777837

Rounded Expected Frequency and calculation of Chi-square:

200 24 224 0.08 0.666667
164 20 184 0.097561 0.8
364 44 408 1.644228

Ho p1=p2
Ha p1<>p2

X2 calc 1.64
X2 5.02388619
table

Since, test<table
We do not reject
Ho
Q12: Fit the binomial distribution to the given data and test for goodness of fit.
No. of heads Fequency
0 2
1 6
2 30
3 52
4 67
5 56
6 32
7 10
8 1
TOTAL 256

Sol:

No. of Observed Grouped Bin Dist Grouped Chi-square

heads Frequenc Observed Freq Expected Expected = (O-E)^2/E
y (O) Freq Freuency (E)
0 2 1
1 6 8 8 9 0.11111111
2 30 30 28 28 0.14285714
3 52 52 56 56 0.28571429
4 67 67 70 70 0.12857143
5 56 56 56 56 0
6 32 32 28 28 0.57142857
7 10 11 8 9 0.44444444
8 1 1
TOT 256 256 1.68412698
AL

Ho
: The data fits Binomial distribution
Ha The data does not fits Binomial
: distribution

Chi-Square Test 1.68412698

14.0671404
Chi-Square Critical 5

Since, Chi-Square Test < Chi-square Critical

So, we do not reject Ho at 5% significance
level.
Thus, the data fits a Binomial distribution
Q13: In a study of the relationship between age and the EEG, data were collected on 20
subjects between ages 20 and 60 years. Table shows the age and a particular EEG output
value for each of the 20 subjects. The investigator wishes to know if it can be concluded that
this particular EEG output is inversely correlated with age.

Subject Age(X) EEG Output Subject Age(X) EEG Output

Number Value(Y) Number Value(Y)
1 20 98 11 40 68

2 21 75 12 42 66

3 22 95 13 44 71

4 24 100 14 46 62

5 27 99 15 48 69

6 30 65 16 51 54

7 31 64 17 53 63

8 33 70 18 55 52

9 35 85 19 58 67

10 38 74 20 60 55

Sol:

Subject Age(X) EEG Output

Number Value(Y) R1 R2 di di^2
1 20 98 1 18 -17 289
2 21 75 2 15 -13 169
3 22 95 3 17 -14 196
4 24 100 4 20 -16 256
5 27 99 5 19 -14 196
6 30 65 6 7 -1 1
7 31 64 7 6 1 1
8 33 70 8 12 -4 16
9 35 85 9 16 -7 49
10 38 74 10 14 -4 16
11 40 68 11 10 1 1
12 42 66 12 8 4 16
13 44 71 13 13 0 0
14 46 62 14 4 10 100
15 48 69 15 11 4 16
16 51 54 16 2 14 196
17 53 63 17 5 12 144
18 55 52 18 1 17 289
19 58 67 19 9 10 100
20 60 55 20 3 17 289
Total 2340

Ho: EEG output is not correlated with age

Ha: EEG output is inversely correlated with age

Test Statistic, -0.7594 0.759398

rs
Critical value 0.05

Since, Test statistic > Critical value

We reject Ho at 5% level of significance.
Thus, EEG output is inversely correlated with age
Q14:

Sol:

Student Authoritarianism Medidan Sign

Numbe Score Score
r
1 75 100 -
2 90 100 -
3 85 100 -
4 110 100 +
5 115 100 +
6 95 100 -
7 132 100 +
8 74 100 -
9 82 100 -
10 104 100 +
11 88 100 -
12 124 100 +
13 110 100 +
14 76 100 -
15 98 100 -

Ho: Median = 100

Ha: Median <> 100

No of - 9
No of + 6

Test Statistic 0.303619

Crit P Value 0.05

Since, Test statistic > Critical P value

We do not reject Ho at 5% level of significance.
Thus, Median score of the sampled population is 100.
Q15:

Sol:

Weight Mean di Mod Rank Signed

gains (in weight gain (di) Rank
grams)
63 70 -7 7 14.5 -14.5
68 70 -2 2 2 -2
79 70 9 9 16 16
65 70 -5 5 8.5 -8.5
64 70 -6 6 11.5 -11.5
63 70 -7 7 14.5 -14.5
65 70 -5 5 8.5 -8.5
64 70 -6 6 11.5 -11.5
76 70 6 6 11.5 11.5
74 70 4 4 6 6
66 70 -4 4 6 -6
66 70 -4 4 6 -6
67 70 -3 3 3.5 -3.5
73 70 3 3 3.5 3.5
69 70 -1 1 1 -1
76 70 6 6 11.5 11.5

Ho: u = 70
Ha: u < 70

T+ 48.5
T- -87.5
T 48.5
P value 60
Reject Ho at 5% significance
level
As P value > T+

Thus, the diet results in a mean weight gain of less than 70

grams.
Q16: A firm has decided to select one of
two express delivery services to
provide next-day deliveries to the
district offices. To test the delivery
times of the two services, the firm
sends two reports to a sample of 10
district offices, with one report carried by
one service and the other report
carried by the second service. Do the
data (delivery times in hours) indicate a
difference in the two services?

Sol:

District Overnight NiteFlit di mod(di) Rank Signed

Office (in hrs) e (in Rank
hrs)
Seattle 32 25 7 7 10 10
Los 30 24 6 6 9 9
Angeles
Boston 19 15 4 4 7 7
Cleveland 16 15 1 1 1.5 1.5
New York 15 13 2 2 4 4
Houston 18 15 3 3 6 6
Atlanta 14 15 -1 1 1.5 -1.5
St. Louis 10 8 2 2 4 4
Milwauke 7 9 -2 2 4 -4
e
Denver 16 11 5 5 8 8

Ho: u1 = u2
Ha: u1 <> u2

T+ 49.5
T- -5.5
T 5.5
P value 10
Reject Ho at 5% significance As P value > T
level

Thus, the data indicates a difference in the 2 services.

Q17: Researcher investigated dietary intake of calcium of healthy women ages between 20 to
88. The researcher formed four age groups- Group A- 20-46; Group B- 46-56; Group C -56-
66 and Group D – over 66 years. Calcium from food intake was measured in mg/day. The
data obtained by researcher is as follows-
Age Groups (Years)
Group A Group B Group C Group D
1820 191 724 1652
2588 1098 613 1309
2670 644 918 1002
1022 136 949 966
1555 1605 877 788
222 1247 1368 472
1197 1529 1692 471
1249 1422 697 771
1520 445 849 869
489 990 1199 513
2575 489 429 731
1426 2408 798 1130
1846 1064 631 1034
1088 629 1016 1261

Going through ten steps of analysis of variance, test to find if there is a significant difference
among the group means of different age groups? Conduct the test at 5% level of significance.
(Table value 4.73)

Sol:

Age Groups (Years)

Group A Group B Group C Group D
1820 191 724 1652
2588 1098 613 1309
2670 644 918 1002
1022 136 949 966
1555 1605 877 788
222 1247 1368 472
1197 1529 1692 471
1249 1422 697 771
1520 445 849 869
489 990 1199 513
2575 489 429 731
1426 2408 798 1130
1846 1064 631 1034
1088 629 1016 1261
Mea 1519.071 992.642857 911.4286 926.3571 1087.375
n
SST 2609065 125638.504 433400 362974.5 3531078
TSS = 18715709.1
SSE = 15184630.8

ANOVA TABLE
Source of SS df MS F F Crit
Variation
Treatment 3531078.3 3 1177026 4.030744 2.7826
4
Error 15184630. 52 292012.1
8
Total 18715709. 55
1

Since, F test > F crit as 5.92 > 3.01

So, we reject Ho at 5% significance level.
Which means that the true means are not all equal
Thus, there is a significant difference among the group means of
different age groups.
Q18: Do graduates of undergraduate business programs with different majors tend to earn
disparate average starting salaries? Consider the data given in the table below.
Accounting Marketing Finance Management
$37,220 $28,620 $29,870 $28,600
$30,950 $27,750 $31,700 $27,450
$32,630 $27,650 $31,740 $26,410
$31,350 $27,640 $32,750 $27,340
$29,410 $28,340 $30,550 $27,300
$37,330 $29,250
$35,700 $28,890
$30,150

Assuming that the variances of the four underlying populations are indeed equal, can you
reject at the 10% significance level that the mean starting salary is the same for each of the
given business majors? (Table value is 2.363)

Sol:

Accounting Marketing Finance Managemen

t
37220 28620 29870 28600
30950 27750 31700 27450
32630 27650 31740 26410
31350 27640 32750 27340
29410 28340 30550 27300
37330 29250
35700 28890
30150
Mean 33513 28000 30613 27420 30264
SST 73903703.8 25619425 973849.68 40430305 140927283.1
6

TSS = 218747576.00
SSE = 77820292.86
ANOVA TABLE
Source of SS df MS F
Variation
Treatment 140927283.1 3 46975761 12.67652 3.072466986
6
Error 77820292.86 21 3705728.
2
Total 218747576.00 24

Since, F test > F crit as 5.92 > 3.01

So, we reject Ho at 5% significance level.
Which means that the true means are not all equal
Thus, the mean starting salary is not the same for each of the given business
majors.
Q19: A physical therapist wished to compare three methods for teaching patients to use a
certain device. He felt that the rate of learning would be different for patients of different
ages and wished to design an experiment in which the influence of age could be taken into
account.

Three patients in each of five age groups were selected to participate in the experiment, and
one patient in each age group was randomly assigned to each of the teaching methods. The
data obtained is shown in Table 1. We assume that the responses in the 15 represented
populations are normally distributed with equal variances. Level of significance is 0.05

Teaching Method
Age -Group A B C
Under 20 7 9 10
20 to 29 8 9 10
30 to 39 9 9 12
40 to 49 10 9 12
50 and over 11 12 14
Sol:

Teaching Method
Age A B C Mean SSB
-Group
Under 20 7 9 10 8.666667 5.88
20 to 29 8 9 10 9 3.413333
30 to 39 9 9 12 10 0.013333
40 to 49 10 9 12 10.33333 0.213333
50 and 11 12 14 12.33333 15.41333
over
Mean 9 9.6 11.6 10.06667 24.93333
SST 5.688889 1.088889 11.75556 18.53333

SSTota 46.93333
l
SSE 3.466667

ANOVA TABLE
Source of SS df MS F
Variation
Treatment 18.53333 2 9.266667 21.38462 4.45897
Block 24.93 4 6.233333 14.38462 3.837853
Error 3.47 8 0.433333
Total 46.93333 14

Since, F test > F crit as 5.92 > 3.01

So, we reject Ho at 5% significance level.
Which means that the true means are not all equal
Thus, there is change in endurance performance due to change in
caffeine doses.