This document provides summaries of various topics related to Philippine history and culture in 3 sentences or less:
1) It outlines several Philippine constitutions from the Biak-na-Bato pact to the 1987 constitution.
2) It briefly describes different missionary expeditions to the Philippines and some prominent martyr priests.
3) It lists generations of computers from vacuum tubes to artificial intelligence and examples of mistaken goals in education.
This document provides summaries of various topics related to Philippine history and culture in 3 sentences or less:
1) It outlines several Philippine constitutions from the Biak-na-Bato pact to the 1987 constitution.
2) It briefly describes different missionary expeditions to the Philippines and some prominent martyr priests.
3) It lists generations of computers from vacuum tubes to artificial intelligence and examples of mistaken goals in education.
This document provides summaries of various topics related to Philippine history and culture in 3 sentences or less:
1) It outlines several Philippine constitutions from the Biak-na-Bato pact to the 1987 constitution.
2) It briefly describes different missionary expeditions to the Philippines and some prominent martyr priests.
3) It lists generations of computers from vacuum tubes to artificial intelligence and examples of mistaken goals in education.
BIAK NA BATO – pact, thought of 1st Republic. trade - Spainards paid P200 000 1. MALOLOS CONSTITUTION – Apolinario Mabini MISSIONARIES AND EXPEDITIONS - rights of soldiers 1. AUGUSTINIAN – most intelligent - no Visayas yet in right of territories 2. FRANCISCAN – sends medical aids 3. JESUITS 2. 1935 CONSTITUTION – adapted from American 4. DOMINICANS – richest Const. 5. RECOLECTS – most killed schools 3. 1943 CONSITUTION - Jose P. Laurel - Japan invades but gave freedom for Phil. to rule. MARTYR PRIESTS 4. 1937 CONSTITUTION – Ferdinand Marcos 1. BURGOS – youngest, mastermind of - Martial Law – 60days max secularization - Nat’l Territory forced Kalayaan grp. of Islands & 2. GOMEZ – Oldest, likes “sabong” and hid Saba there 5. 1987 CONSTITUTION - 18 articles - past chairwoman: Cecilla Muñoz Palma (Feb 2, HOMO HABILIS – man of steel (bighead, 1987) uses muscle) - Bill of Rights are for the criminals HOMO ERECTUS – man who discovered JUS SANGUINI – blood JUS SOLI – place fire & clothes HOMO SAPIENS – thinking man (can SOME TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS produce materials) 1. COMMUNIST – classless society - State plans and controls economy 2. PARLIAMENTARY – majority of people voted GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER 3. REPUBLICAN – power comes from people 1. VACUUM TUBES (1940-1956) 2. TRANSISTORS (1956-1963) AIMS OF ERAS 3. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (1964-1971) PRE-SPANISH – survival and conformity 4. MICROPROCESSORS (1971-present) SPANISH – Christianity 5. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (present-future) AMERICAN – democratic ideals and way of life MISTAKEN GOALS COMMONWEALTH – moral character, 1. ATTENTION SEEKER – “teacher, notice me” efficiency 2. REVENGE – “teacher, I am hurt” JAPANESE – progress 3. POWER-SEEKING – “teacher, may I help?” ACTS 4. INADEQUACY – “teacher, don’t give up on me” 1. ASSOCIATION OF SE ASIAN NATIONS 5. WITHDRAWAL – “teacher, please help me” (ASEAN) - Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei, Philippines, CENTRAL TENDENCY -Central (middle location) Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia Tendency 2. BELL TRADE (PHILIPPINE TRADE ACT) – bet. MEAN – Average MODE – most occurring Phil. & U.S. RANGE – highest score minus lowest score 3. KYOTO PROTOCOL (UNNCC) LOW SD–Homogenous, scores near to - fight global warming decreasing green house mean(almost same) gases HIGH SD – Heterogenous, scores far to mean 4. RIO DE JANEIRO CONVENTION (scattered) - environment and sustainable development DECILE – 10 grps (D1…D10) QUARTILE – 4 grps 5. TEJEROS CONVENTION – election (Q1…Q4) - Bonifacio elected as Director Imperior SUSPENSION – time REVOKATION – condition 6. TREATY ON GENERAL RELATIONS - recognition of U.S. to Philippine freedom DIFFICULTY INDEX 7. UNDERWORLD-SIMMONS ACT – full free 0-0.20 VERY DIFFICULT foreign trade 0.21-0.40 DIFFICULT 0.41-0.60 MODERATELY DIFFICULT EMILIO AGUINALDO – Magdalo 0.61-0.80 EASY EMILIO JACINTO – Di Masilaw, Tingkian 0.81-1.00 VERY EASY GRACIANO LOPEQ JAENA – Diego Laura JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN ¬– JoMaPa POSITIVELY SKEWED (LEFT FOOT) - low scores, mean greater than mode JOSE RIZAL – Dimas alang, Laon laan NEGATIVELY SKEWED (RIGHT FOOT) JUAN LUNA – Buan - high scores, mean is lower than mode MARCELO DEL PILAR – Plaridel, Dolores HORN/HALO EFFECT Manapat, Piping Dilat - overcoming other trait, either bad/good MARIANO PONCE – Tikbalang, Naning (Satanas), Kalipulako
--- GENERAL EDUCATION ---
MGA URI NG PANGUNGUSAP FILIPINO/ENGLISH: WALANG PAKSA: MGA TEORYA NG PINAGMULAN NG WIKA 1. EKSISTENSYAL – mayroong isa o higit pang tao 1. BOW-WOW –kalikasan at hayop Halimbawa: Mayroon daw puno sa bakuran. 2. DING-DONG – bagay 2. MODAL – nais/pwede/maari (Gusto ko matulog.) 3. POOH-POOH – masidhing damdamin 3. PANLIPUNAN – pagbati, pagbigay galang atbp. 4. YOHEHO – pwersang pisikal 4. SAGOT LAMANG – “Talaga?”, “Oo” FILIPINO POETS AND PEN NAMES 5. SAMBITLA – masidhing damdamin (Aray!) 6. TEMPORAL – panandaliang kalagayan o BENVENIDO SANTOS – American Culture panahon Writings DANIEL DEFOE – “Robinson Crusoen” (novel) EDILBERTO TIEMPO – made “Cry Slaughter” KAYARIAN: that has been translated 1. PAYAK – iisang kaisipan many times 2. TAMBALAN – dalawang sugnay na ‘di makapag- ERNEST HEMINGWAY – Ring Lardner Jr. iisa JOSE GARCIA VILLA – “Comma Poet”, Dove 3. HUGNAYAN – madalas nagsisimula sa kung, G. Lion dahil sa MIGUEL DE CERVANTES/ESCALANDE – 4. LANGKAPAN – mahabang pangungusap Masterpiece is “Don Quixote” that is most influential NICK JOAQUIN – Quijano de Manila MGA URI NG KWENTO – Spanish Culture Writing 1. PABULA (fable) – hayop PAZ MARQUEZ BENITEZ – made “Dead 2. PARABULA (parable)– Bibliya Stars” that is the 1st modern English short story 3. ANEKDOTA (anecdote) – tunay na buhay SAMUEL LANGHORNE CLEMENS – 4. MITOLOHIYA (myth) – diyos at diyosa Mark Twain (pinagmulan) - “Adventures of Tom Sawyer” ASPEKTO NG PANDIWA (Verb) - “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” 1. PERPEKTIBO – tumakbo (best novel) 2. IMPERPEKTIBO – tumatakbo 3. KONTEMPLATIBO – tatakbo -SINTAKS/SINTAKSIS/PALAUGNAYAN - sangay ng barirala na tumatalakay sa masistemang pagkaka-ayus-ayos ng mga salita sa KAANTASAN NG PANG-URI (Adjective) pagbuo ng mga parirala at pangungusap 1. LANTAY – walang pinaghahambingan 2. PAHAMBING ¬– inihahalintulad PEN NAMES OF FILIPINO PROTAGONISTS 3. PASUKDOL – nangingibabaw (H: pinakamataas) ANDRES BONIFACIO – May Pag-asa, Agapito, Bagumbayan ANTONIO LUNA – Taga-Ilog MGA URI NG TULA BIBLIYA – Palestino at Greece 1. PATULA (Moro-moro) CANTEBURY TALES – America (by Chaucer) 2. PASALAYSAY (Epiko, Awit, Korido) DIVINE COMEDIA – Italy (by Dante) EL CID COMPEADOR – katangian at history ng Spain MGA AWITING BAYAN 1. DALIT/HIMNO – pagsamba sa anito o pang ILIAD o ODYSSEY – Myths of Greece made Relihiyon by Homer. 2. DIONA – kasal ISANG LIBO’T ISANG GABI – Ugali sa Arabia 3. DUNG-AW – patay (pagdadalamhati) at Persia 4. KALUSAN – paggawa KORAN – Arabia (Muslim Bible) MAHABRATA 5. KUMINTANG – tagumpay (pandigma) – India 6. KUNDIMAN – pag-ibig UNCLE TOM’S CABIN – about slaves that 7. OYAYI – pagpapatulog ng bata becomes the basis of democracy. (by Harriet 8. SOLIRANIN – pagsasagwan Beecher Stowe of U.S.) 9. TALINDAW – pamamangka MGA URI NG PANITIKAN 1. TULUYAN – binubuo ng mga pangungusap PAGBABAGONG MORPONEMIKO a. NOBELA – binubuo ng mga kabanata 1. ASIMILASYON – Parsyal (pangsukli), Ganap (panukli) b. DULA – pagtatanghal sa entablado 2. MAY ANGKOP – wikain mo – “kamo” 3. MAYSUDLONG/PAGDARAGDAG NG PONEMA MGA DULANG PANLIBANGAN: - muntik – muntikan, pagmuntikan, pagmuntikanan a. TIBAG – Sta. Elena 4. METATESIS – linipad – nilipad b. LAGAY – Pilarenos ng Sorsogon 5. PAGKAKALTAS NG PONEMO – takipan – c. PANUNULUYAN – pagtatanghal bago mag-alas takpan dose (12PM) ng gabi ng kapaskuhan 6. PAGLILIPAT-DIIN – laRUan (playground) - d. PANUBOL – parangal sa may kaarawan laruAN (\toy) e. KARILYO – ala-puppet show 7. PAGPAPALIT NG PONEMA – madapat – f. KURIDO – katapangan, kabayanihan, marapat kababalaghan, pananampalataya g. SARSUELA – musical tungkol sa pag-ibig, paghihiganti atbp. masisidhing damdamin MGA URI NG PANGHALIP/PRONOUNS 1. PANAO/PERSONAL PRONOUN – ako/I etc. 2. PAMATLIG/DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN – c. ALAMAT – pinagmulan ito/this etc. d. ANEKDOTA – ugali, may mabuting aral 3. PANAKLAW/INDEFINITE P - isa, all, anyone etc. 4. PATULAD – ganito, ganyan atbp. 5. PANANONG/INTERROGATIVE P. – sino, when 2. PATULA - may etc. sukat,pantig,tugma,taludtod,saknong 6. PAMANGGIT/RELATIVE P. – daw, umano, A. TULANG PASALAYSAY - mahahalagang which, who tago o pangyayari sa buhay.
MGA AKDANG NA MAY IMPUWENSYA SA a. EPIKO – kabayanihan sa kababalaghan\
BIDASARI, PARANG SABIR – Moro MUNDO BIAG NI LAM ANG – Iloko AKLAT NG MGA ARAW – China (by MARAGTAS, HARAYA, LAGDA AT HARI Confucius) SA BUKID – Bisaya KUMINTANG – Tagalog AKLAT NG MGA PATAY – Egypt cults & DAGOY AT SUDSUD – Tagbanua myths (by Osiris) TATUANG – Bagobo AWIT NI ROLANDO-France (by Doce Pares, b. AWIT o KORIDO – kaharian Roncesvalles) c. TULA NG DAMDAMIN o LIRIKO – own Dinadakila feeling 14. REPITASYON – repetition of phrase. Ex: Tama! Tama!... MGA TULANG LIRIKO: o AWITING BAYAN – kalungkutan IBA PANG TAYUTAY NA GAMIT SA TULA: o ELEHIYA – yumao ALITERASYON – unang titik o pantig ay pare- o DAGLIT – pagpupuri sa Diyos pareho o PASTORAL – buhay sa bukid ANADIPLOSIS – paggamit ng salita sa unahan at o ODA – papuri hulihan EPIPORA – pag-uulit ng salita sa hulihan B. TULANG DULA O PANGTANGHALAN PAG-UYAM – sarcasm a. KOMEDYA LITOTES – pagtanggi o pagkukunwari. b. MELODRAMA – musical TALUDTOD – linya sa tula c. TRAHEDYA – death of main character d. PARSA – mga pangyayaring nakakatawa UNFAMILIAR PARTS OF THE SPEECH e. SAYNETE-karaniwang pag-uugali ng tao/ 1. PREPOSITIONS-on, under, off, by, in near, pook for, to, since 2. CONJUNCTIONS (PANGATNIG) C. TULANG PATNIGAN - para/for, at/and, nor, or, pero/but, yet, so, a. KARAGATAN – alamat ng singsing ng prinsesa ni, ngunit na naihulog niya sa dagat sa hangaring 3. INTERJECTION – with exclamation mark mapangasawa ang kasintahang mahirap. b. DUPLO – paligsahan ng husay sa pagtula PROPER SEQUENCE OF WORDS IN A c. BALAGTASAN – pumalit sa Duplo SENTENCE 1. ARTICLES – a, an, the FIGURES OF SPEECH/TAYUTAY 2. OPINION PAG-UUGNAY O PAGHAHAMBING: 3. SIZE 1. SIMILE/PAGTUTULAD – mayroong pangatnig 4. AGE 2. METAPHOR/PAGWAWANGIS – walang 5. SHAPE pangatnig 6. COLOR 3. ALUSYON – iba’t ibang aspekto ng buhay ng tao 7. MATERIAL 4. METONYMY/PAGPAPALIT-TAWAG 8. PURPOSE 5. SYNECDOCHE/SINEKDOKE – pagbanggit ng isa upang tukuyin ang kabuuan CLASSIFICATIONS OF POEM Hal: Dalawang bibig ang umaasa kay Romeo. 1. BALLAD – narrative, less folk tale/legend, to be sung PAGLALARAWAN: 2. BLACK VERSE – with meter but no rhyme 6. HYPERBOLE/ PAGMAMALABIS o 3. DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE – written in form of EKSAHERASYON speech for individual character. 7. APOSTROPHE/PAGTAWAG – pakikipag-usap 4. ELEGY –death of individual sa hindi buhay o malayong tao. Hal: Ulan, tumigil 5. EPIC – tells a story about heroic figure ka na. 6. EULOGY – message for the dead 8. EXCLAMATION/PAGDARAMDAM – strong 7. FREE VERSE (vers libre) – without meter but feeling. with rhyme 9. PARADOX/PARADOKS -“malayo ma’y malapit 8. HAIKU – Japanese poem about nature. 5, 7, 5 (3 pa rin” lines and 17 syllables) 10. OXYMORON/PAGTATAMBIS - paradox w/ 9. IDYLL (Idyl) – peaceful, idealized country scene extra words 10. LYRICS - thoughts and feelings 11. NARRATIVE – tells story 12. ODE -typically serious/meditative nature, type PAGSASALIN NG KATANGIAN: of Lyric 11. PERSONIFICATION/PAGSASATAO 13. PASTORAL –rural life in peaceful & PAGSASATUNOG: romanticized way 12. ONOMATOPOEIA/PANGHIHIMIG – tunog ang 14. SONNET – Lyric poem consists of 14 lines paksa 15. TANKA – Japanese poem: 5 lines, 31 syllables 13. ALLITERATION/PAG-UULIT – repetition of 1st letter in the 1st word. Ex: Dinggin mo ang Diyos na (10hrs less) UNFAMILIAR BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY - has Great Red Spot: huge storm for 350yrs ANATOMY – inner organs ENTOMOLOGY – 7. SATURN – God of Agriculture (chunks of rocks) insects - made mostly of hydrogen BIOCHEMISTRY – chemical patterns of animals 8. URANUS – Frederick William Herscel ECOLOGY – living things bet. Each other in - Sky & Ice Giant, 3rd largest planet environment “I CAN DO ALL THINGS THROUGH CHRIST EMBRYOLOGY – developmental patterns fr. WHO GIVES ME STRENGTH” zygote-birth GENETICS – heredity MYCOLOGY – fungi HERPETOLOGY – reptiles and amphibians HISTOLOGY – plant and animal tissues MORPHOLOGY – phenotype (appearance) ORNITHOLOGY – birds PARASITOLOGY – parasites PALEONTOLOGY – fossils of animals and plants PHYSIOLOGY – function of tissue, organ & system TAXONOMY – classification of living organisms SCIENCE PROPONENTS CAROLUS LINNAEUS – Father of Taxonomy ROBERT HOOKE – termed “cells” (cellulae) ANTON VAN LEUWENHOEK – 1st person to observe microscopic organisms (animal cule) ROBERT BROWN – discovered Nucleus MATTHIAS SCHIEDEN (Botanist) & THEODORE (Zoologist) - found all plants consist of cells RUDOLF VIRCHOW – proposed cells come fr. existing cells EARTH’S SPHERES ATMOSPHERE – gaseous sphere protection from meteors Divided into five: Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere HYDROSPHERE – water LITHOSPHERE – oceanic and continental crust BIOSPHERE – all life forms in Earth CRYOSPHERE – ice ANTHROSPHERE – ancestors PLANETS AND THEIR SEQUENCE 1. SUN – 99.86% of Solar System - believed was formed 4.6 billion years ago - Responsible for weather and climate 2. MERCURY – named after Roman God - no satellite and atmosphere - discovered by Mariner Ten 3. VENUS – Goddess of Love and Beauty (Mariner 2) - Perfect sphere, sister planet of Earth 4. EARTH 5. MARS – God of War, red planet (Mariner 9) 6. JUPITER -Gas Giant, fastest rotating planet