END SEMESTER EXAMINATION

MTH 301, 2013

Name: Roll No:

Total Marks: 100 Time: 3hrs
Instructions:
i.Write answers of each question in the space provided below.
ii.If you are using any result then state the result clearly.
iii.Do your rough work at the back or on an extra sheet.
iv Given a metric space (X, d) for r > 0 and x ∈ X we denote Br (x) = {y ∈ X : d(x, y) <
r}, and Br (x) = {y ∈ X : d(x, y) ≤ r}.
v. Question 6 is a bonus question.

(1) (a) Let (X, d) be a metric space and A ⊂ X. Define B = {x ∈ X : d(x, a) <
1 for some a ∈ A}. Show that B is open. If C = {x ∈ X : d(x, a) ≤ 1 for some a ∈
A} then is C necessarily closed? Justify! [7]
2 MTH 301, 2013

(b) Give an example of a metric d on R such that in this metric B 1 (1) = B3 (0). [4]
2

(c) Let (X, d) be a metric space and U be an open subset of X. Let A ⊂ X. Show that
U ∩ A ⊆ U ∩ A. Hence show that if U ∩ A is empty then U ∩ A is empty. [6]
 END SEMESTER EXAMINATION 3

(2) (a) Let P be a real valued polynomial such that it has four roots on (a, b). Show that
000
P (i.e. third derivative of P ) has a root on (a, b). [3]

(b) Let f : [a, b] → R be an increasing function. Denote f (x± ) = lim± f (y) and
y→x
1
J(x) = f (x+ ) − f (x− ). Show that for each k ∈ N the set {x : J(x) ≥ } is finite.
2k
Hence show that f has countably many discontinuities. [7]
4 MTH 301, 2013

(c) Give an example of f : (1, 2] → R such that f is continuous but not uniformly
continuous. Show that if f is a continuous function on (1, 2] and lim+ f (x) exists
x→1
then f is uniformly continuous on (1, 2]. [6]

(d) Give an example of a bounded continuous function f : R2 → R satisfying

f (x + 1, y) = f (x, y), ∀x, y ∈ R2 that does not attain its supremum. [4]
 END SEMESTER EXAMINATION 5

(3) (a) Give examples of sequences of functions with the following property and justify. [6]
(i) {f
R 1n } ⊂ C[0,
R 1 1] such that fn (x) → f (x) as n → ∞ for every x ∈ [0, 1] but
0 n
f 6→ 0 f as n → ∞.
(ii) {fn } differentiable functions such that fn (x) → f (x) uniformly as n → ∞ but
f is not differentiable.
6 MTH 301, 2013

∞
(xe−x )k converges uniformly on [0, 2].
P
(b) Show that the series [5]
n=1

(c) Prove or give counter example to the following statements. [6]

(i) There does not exists a set A ⊂ Q which is non-empty and a connected subset
of R.
(ii) If A, B ⊂ R such that A ∩ B = Φ then A ∪ B cannot be connected.
(iii) Suppose A ⊂ R is not connected, then A is not connected.
 END SEMESTER EXAMINATION 7

(d) Let fn ∈ C[0, 1] ∀n ∈ N such that fn → f uniformly as n → ∞. Consider

F = {fn } ∪ {f }. Show that F is equicontinuous on [0, 1] without assumming that
F is compact. [7]

∞
P
(4) (a) Show that the closed unit ball, B1 (0) = {x = {xn } : |xn | ≤ 1}, in l1 , is not
n=1
totally bounded. [5]
8 MTH 301, 2013

(b) Let f : [0, 1] × [0, 1] → Y ⊂ R2 be such that f is continuous and a bijection onto Y.
Show that f −1 (B1 (0)) is connected. [5]

(c) Show that R2 cannot be expressed as a countable union of parabolas. [5]

 END SEMESTER EXAMINATION 9

(d) Show that there exists a countable collection of dense open sets ( here open means
relatively open in Q) whose intersection is empty. Explain why Baire category
theorem fails in this case. [5]

∞ ∞
apn converges for
P P
(5) (a) Let an > 0 and suppose an converges, then show that
n=1 n=1
∞ ∞ √
P √ P an
1 < p < ∞. Also show that an an+1 and n
converges. [5]
n=1 n=1
10 MTH 301, 2013

(b) Write the statements of following theorems:

(i) Bolzano-Weierstrass Theorem (ii) Two fundamental theorems of Calculus (ii)
Arzelá-Ascoli Theorem. [8]

(c) Give an example of a sequence of closed sets An in R such that An ⊃ An+1 , ∀n ∈ N

and ∩∞n=1 An = Φ. [3]
 END SEMESTER EXAMINATION 11

1 101
(d) Let {an } be a sequence in R such that lim ann = . Show that an 6→ 0 as n → ∞.
100
[4]

(6) (a) Let P be the set of all polynomials. Show that P ( C[0, 1] and interior of P is
empty.
12 MTH 301, 2013

(b) Let x1 = 1, x2 = 2 and xn = 21 (xn−1 + xn−2 ).

1
(i) Show that |xn − xn+1 | = 2n−1 .
1
(ii) Show that x2n+2 = x2n+1 + 22n .
n
1
P
(iii) Show that x2n+1 = 1 + 22l−1
.
l=1
(iv) Find a subsequence {xnk } of {xn } which converges to 53 .
END SEMESTER EXAMINATION 13

Rough