Health

- The presence or absence of disease.

-men have a responsibility to take care of themselves not to win life but to preserve life

"..state of being well and using every power the individual possesses to the fullest extent" - Florence
Nightingale

state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity"

- WHO

Personal Definitions of Health:

Being free from symptoms of disease and pain as much as possible.

Being able to be active and to do what they want or must.

Being in good spirits most of the time

Education -

Health Education

- Is a process concerned with designing, implementing and evaluating educational programs that enable
families, groups, organizations and communities to play active roles in achieving, protecting and sustaining
health.

-education is raising awareness

Government has health programs

-any combination of learning experiences designed to facilitate voluntar

WELLNESS - a state of well-being

Basic aspects of wellness include:

*self-responsibility

*an ultimate goal

*a dynamic, growing process

*daily decision making in the areas of nutrition

*stress management

*physical fitness
*preventive health care

*emotional health

*whole being of the individual

Dimensions of Health

1. Physical – ability to carry out daily task, achieve fitness

-maintain adequate nutrition and body fat

-avoid abusing drugs and alcohol or using tobacco products

-generally practice positive lifestyle habits

-combination of nutrition and physical ability that will help to reduce chronic disease

2. Social – ability to interact successfully with people and within the environment of which each person is a
part;

-to develop and maintain significant other

-and to develop respect and tolerance for those with different opinions and belief

3. Emotional – ability to manage stress and to express emotions appropriately

-people who are emotionally healthy can control and handle their selves

4. Intellectual – ability to learn and use information effectively for personal, family, and career development

5. Spiritual - belief in some force (nature, science, religion, or a high power)

-provide us with system of faith, values, principle, belief, moral and ethics

6. Occupational - ability to achieve a balance between work and leisure

7. Environment – ability to promote health measures that improves the standard of

Disease – there is a pathologic change in the structure or function of the body/mind

-inherited genetic defect

-developmental defects

-biologic agents/toxins

-physiologic and emotional reactions to stress

Illness- is the response of the person to a disease

Models of Health and Illness

The Health Illness-Continuum

-measures a person’s level of health

– person's perceived level of wellness-illness (pananaw nimo sa imong health)

-no boundary

-means complete range of health

-it’s your choice to be healthy or not

1. Agent-Host-Environment Model Leavell and Clark (1965)

Agent – any environmental factor for illness to occur

-lack of essentials nutrition

-chemical substance

Host – person(s) who may or may not be at risk of acquiring a disease

-a living organism capable of being affected or affected by an agent

Environment- all factors external to the host that make illness more or less likely (climate, living condition,
cultural factors)

2. Health-Illness Continuum - measure a person’s level of health

3. High-Level Wellness Model (Halbert Dunn (1961)

- functioning to one’s maximum potential while maintaining balance and a purposeful direction in the
environment

Wellness - is a more active state oriented toward maximizing the potential of the individual, regardless of his
state of health

Good health - a passive state wherein the person is not ill

4. Health Belief Model (Rosenstuck, 1974)

*insert picture*

5. Health Promotion Model (Pender, 2002)

-illustrates how people interact with their environment as they pursue health

-incorporates: (individual characteristics, experiences, behavior-specific knowledge and beliefs)

Major Areas of Risk Factors

Age

- School aged children are at high risk for communicable diseases.

- After menopause women are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease.

Genetic Factors

- A family Hx of cancer, DM, predisposes a person to developing the disease.

Physiologic Factors

- Obesity increases the possibility of heart disease.

- Pregnancy places increased risk on both the mother & the developing fetus

Health Habits

- Smoking increases the probability of lung cancer

- Poor nutrition can lead to a variety of health problems

Lifestyle

- Multiple sexual relationships increase the risk for STI

- Events that increase stress may precipitate accidents or illness

Environment

- Working & living environments may contribute to disease.

"Health as Basic Human Right!"

1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 25, Sec.1

-everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and
his family (food, clothing, housing, medical care)

2.Phil. Constitution of 1987

-the state shall adopt an integrated and comprehensive approach to health. Development which
shall endeavor to make essential goods and other social service to all at affordable cost.

2. World Health Organization (1995)

-believes that governments have a responsibility for the health of their people which can be fulfilled
only by the provision of adequate health and social measures.

3 basic positive concepts

a. Reflecting concern for the individual as a total person

b. Placing health, in the context of environment
c. Equating health, with productive and creative living