1  A graft between members of the same species is termed an:

 A  Autograft. 
 B  Isograft. 
 C  Xenograft. 
 D  Allograft. 
 E  None of the above.

2  Which one of the following statements is false. Rejection of a second (set) skin graft from the
same allogeneic donor:
 A  Can be blocked by azathioprine (an antimitotic agent). 
 B  Proceeds at the same speed as the first graft rejection. 
 C  Shows specificity for the graft donor. 
 D  Can be transferred to a naive recipient with lymphocytes. 
 E  Involves recognition of MHC differences.

3  The human major histocompatibility complex:

 A  Provokes the most intense allograft reactions. 
 B  Is termed H-2. 
 C  Contains only class I and class II genes. 
 D  Is not expressed as codominant antigens on the cell surface. 
 E  Encodes the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) expressed only on leukocytes.

4  Mitosis occurs when mixing lymphocytes of two individuals:

 A  In presence of mitomycin C. 
 B  In presence of anti-CD4. 
 C  Who are identical twins. 
 D  Of differing MHC class II haplotype. 
 E  Of differing MHC class I, but identical MHC class II, haplotype. 
5  Graft vs host disease occurs on injecting adult T-cells of strain A into:
 A  F1(A × B) animals. 
 B  Unirradiated strain B. 
 C  Irradiated strain A. 
 D  Strain A fetuses. 
 E  Cultures of lymphocytes from strain B.

6  The mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) using homozygous stimulating cells can be used to tissue
type for antigens encoded by:
 A  HLA-A 
 B  HLA-B 
 C  HLA-C 
 D  HLA-D 
 E  HLA-E 

7  Non-specific suppression of graft rejection can be achieved with:

 A  Ricin A chain. 
 B  Anti-IL-5. 
 C  Anti-NF kappa B 
 D  Anti-CD34. 
 E  Anti-CD3

8  The immunosuppressive drug which probably attacks DNA by alkylation and cross-linking is:
 A  Azathioprine. 
 B  Cyclophosphamide. 
 C  Cyclosporine. 
 D  Rapamycin. 
 E  Prednisone.

9  The target of the monoclonal antibody Daclizumab used to help suppress allograft rejection is:
 A  CD3. 
 B  CD40L. 
 C  LFA-1. 
  D  ICAM-1. 
 E  CD25

10  Pigs have been proposed as a source of organs for xenotransplantation to humans because:
 A  They do not pose a risk of zoonoses. 
 B  Their cell surface glycoproteins bear galactose -1,3-galactose structures. 
 C  They lack endogenous virus sequences. 
 D  Their hearts are an appropriate size and the pigs can be genetically modified to limit the
possibility of hyperacute rejection. 
 E  Their organs are not susceptible to hyperacute rejection because they become coated with
the natural antibodies normally present in humans

11  The 1-year survival rate for cadaver kidneys grafted into individuals pretreated with blood
transfusion and with no DR mismatches is approximately:
 A  > 95%. 
 B  80–90%. 
 C  55–65%. 
 D  40–50%. 
 E  < 40%

12  Graft vs host disease often accompanies transplantation of:

 A  Cartilage. 
 B  Kidney. 
 C  Bone marrow. 
 D  Heart. 
 E  Pancreas. 

13  HLA-G:
 A  Is an MHC class II molecule. 
 B  Is present on extravillous cytotrophoblast. 
 C  Stimulates NK cell-mediated lysis. 
 D  Activates DAF. 
 E  Stimulates IL-10 synthesis.
14  The very rapid response to a second allogeneic graft is:
 A  Specific for antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). 
 B  Dependent on minor histocompatibility antigens. 
 C  Transferred by macrophages to a naive recipient. 
 D  Transferred by platelets. 
 E  Transferred by IgA

15  Concerning MHC class II antigen differences between 2 individuals, which of the following

is untrue:
 A  They produce mixed lymphocyte reactions. 
 B  They stimulate formation of helpers to generate cytotoxic T-cells. 
 C  They cause graft vs host disease. 
 D  For sibling pairs, they will only exist on average in 1:4 cases. 
 E  None of the above.

16  Hyperacute graft rejection is caused by:

 A  Preformed antibody. 
 B  CD4 lymphocytes. 
 C  CD8 lymphocytes. 
 D  Platelets. 
 E  Circulating immune complexes

17  Which of the following does not minimize allogeneic graft rejection:

 A  Cyclosporine. 
 B  Disodium cromoglycate. 
 C  Azathioprine. 
 D  Cross-matching for ABO and MHC. 
 E  Anti-CD4

18  Which of the following allogeneic grafts does not require immunosuppression:

  A  Kidney. 
 B  Heart. 
 C  Liver. 
 D  Bone marrow. 
 E  Cartilage. 

19  The fetus may be protected from maternal transplantation attack by:

 A  Luteinizing hormone. 
 B  Presence of HLA class I on the fetus: 
 C  HLA-G on the extravillous cytotrophoblast. 
 D  C3 convertase on the syncitiotrophoblast. 
 E  Local production of IL-2.