5.

Enhancement of the wavenumber

estimation using
singular value decomposition (SVD)
NE inputs NR outputs

Linear

Time invariant
ei (t)
Multiple input
Ei (f)
Multiple output

rj (t) = hi j (t) Ä ei (t)

Rj (f) = Hi j (f) Ei (f)

Impulse response
time convolution

R (f) = H (f) t E (f)

NR ´ 1 NR ´ NE NE ´ 1
 r1 (t)

e1(t) Linear

Time invariant

Multiple input

Multiple output
 r2 (t)

Linear

e2(t) Time invariant

Multiple input

Multiple output
 r (t)
Nt ´ NR ´ NE rNR(t)

Linear

Time invariant

Multiple input

Multiple output

eNE(t)

R (f) = H (f) t E (f)

NR ´ NE NR ´ NE NE ´ NE
 N mode
i [2 p f t−k n(f ) x]
S (f , k )= ∑ a n e
n=1

min(N E , N R )
t
R(f )= ∑ Un σn V n
n=1
Material and Method (1): axial transmission
2 ´ NE ´ NR signals
sn (t, x)

Althaïs

Vermon

time t

emission reception emission

1 MHz clinical probe, small dimension ( 50 mm)

bi-directionnal axial transmission (BDAT) 1, 2
multi-transmitter + multi-receiver 3, 4

1 Bossy IEEE 2004 2 Moreau JASA EL 2014 3 Minonzio JASA 2010 4 Minonzio JASA 2011
Friday Workshop
Material and methods (2): signal processing
ex. copper plate 2 mm
1) acquisition sn(t, x) Nt ´ NE ´ NR

2) TF t  f Sn(f, x) Nf ´ NE ´ NR
normalized
2D FT
3) SVD
 singular values σm(f)
 singular vectors Um Nf ´ NE ´ NR

4) image Norm(f, k) 1, 2
rank
test 2 Nf ´ Nk
Norm(f, k) = S |<Um | e (k)>|
m=1

projection of a testing vector into

the singular vector Um basis
Norm(f, k)

adapted for short reception length

denoising tunable thresholds

0 - 1 scale

no a priori waveguide knowlegde

+ real time (~ 4 images per sec) correction for attenuation,2 soft tissue,3
and varying thickness4
1 Minonzio JASA 2010 2 Minonzio JASA 2011 3 Moreau JASA EL 2014 4 Moreau JASA 2014
Friday Workshop