ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER ‘Cebu Main: 4 foor Coast Paci Downtown Center), Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel (032) 254-33-84 Manila Branch: 3° lor JPD Bli 1988, CM Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampalc, Mama Tel (02) 736-4438 DAY 4 ~ POWER PLANT ENGINEERING PROBLEM 1 Find the enthalpy at 100 psi and 97% quality , hy = 298.55 Btulb; y= 889.119 Btufb. A 1,170 Btulb B. 1,161 Btu C. 1,734 Btulb D. 1,803 Btulb SOLUTION: hey + xty h = 298.55 + 0.97(889.119) h = 1161 Btuib PROBLEM 2 180 grams of saturated water of temperature 95°C undergoes evaporation process until all vapor completly vaporized Determine the changed in volume. ALEC, v= 0.010397 m'lkg, va = 1.9819 mg A. 0.1656 m?—B. 0.4235m? GC. 0.2565m? —D. 0.3656 m? ‘SOLUTION: r Volume = Specific Volume x masss ° Volume = (vg i) x m Volume = (1:9819 -0.0010397(0.18 kg) Volume = 0.3565 m? PROBLEM 3 Five kilograms of saturated liquid at 120 Kpa is heated unti its moisture content is 5%. Find the work done for this process. From steam table: AL120kpa: w= O.0010473 mig vy = 1.4284 mikg ‘A. 813.59 KJkg B. 643.23 KJkg C. 542.34 Kulkg D. 753.12 Kilkg ‘SOLUTION: For constant pressure process, | Piva = ¥4) Wt xMy h20 kga\ ty = 150.05 = 0.95 Ye = 0,0010473 + 0.95(1.4284 -0.0010473) Ve 1.357 mikg 4120(1.357 - 0.010473) 162.73 Kukg (5 ko) : 813.59 KJ PROBLEM 4 “Twenty kilograms of water at 40°C is confined in a rigid vessel. The heat is supplied until ll the water is completely vaporized. Find the heat added in KJ AL40°C: Us = 2262.6 Kulkg AL 45422 KJ B. 43,122KJ ©. 45,252KJ__D. 65.233 KI‘SOLUTION: Forrigid vessel, (Vy = vz) Q =m - U) kg Uy = U; (Saturated liquid) eg ¢| Us = U, (saturated vapor) Q = miu, - U) ° Q = mUy), Q = 2022826) eat) Q PROBLEM 5 ‘Steam at 2 Mpa and 250°C ina rigid cylinder is cooled unt the quality is 60%. Find the heat rejected from the cylinder. At2Mpa and 2600" v= 011144 hg = 26796 Kikg ‘At2 Mpa, (saturated): (0011767 mikg, vj = 0.09963 mifkg, us = 908.44, uy = 1693.8 ‘A. ~432.23 Kulkg B. -926.26 KJkg C. -834.55 Kilkg 0. 1082.34 Kikg 45,252 KJ SOLUTION: Ur + x Uy 906.44 +'0.5(1693.8) 1753.34 KJikg (1753.34 - 2679.6) 926.28 Kuk PROBLEM 6 Find the entropy in K/kg-K at 90% moisture of a 1Npa steam-water mixture? ALT Mpa: Sj =65865 sy = 4.4478 ‘A. 487 B. 6.34 ©. 2.583 D. 4.36 SOLUTION: x= 1-09 x= 0.10 S81 + Xoy 3 = 5751 44478 = 6.5865 - 5) 5 = 2.1987 s = 2.1387 + 0.10(6.4478) = 2583 KJIkg°K PROBLEM 7 ‘At 1.3 Mpa, mixture steam and water has an entropy of 4 KJika-°K. Find the enthalpy of the mixture, AUL3Mpa: — si=2.2515, 5, = 6.49563, hy= 814.93, hg = 1972.7 ‘A 1627.71 Kiikg B, 1533.33 Kk C. 1234.45 Kukg D. 1734.45 Kilkg ‘SOLUTION: Ses t xse 4 = 2.2528 + x (6.4953 - 2.2516) x= 0412 hh hy xhe = 814.93 + 0.412(1972.7) = 1627.71 Kulkg,PROBLEM 8 ‘Mixture with 80% quality at 500 Kpa is heated isothormally until its prossuro is 300 Kpa. Find the heat added during the process. ‘AL500 Kpa: s;= 1.8607, sy= 4.9608 A300 Kpa and 151.86°C: s = 7.0888 Kikg ‘A. 652.34 Kilkg B. 535.16 KJkg ©. 983.44 Kulkg D. 765.34 Klikg ‘SOLUTION: For isothermal process, ty = te Q = Tiss) si = 1.8607 + 0.8(4.9606) si = 5.829) se = 7.0888 Q = (151.86 + 273)7.0888 - 5.829) Q = 535.16 KJikg PROBLEM 9 tank contains exactly one kilogram of water consisting of quid and vapor in equilibrium at 1 Mpa. Ifthe liquid and ‘vapor each ecoupy one-half the volume of the tank, what is the enthalpy ofthe contents of the tank? AUT Mpa: 0011273, Vig = 0.19444 hy = 762.81 fhe = 2015.3 A. 644.40 KJkg B. 774.40 KJikg C. 833.40 Kulkg D. 435.29 KAkg ‘SOLUTION: m Pee | leew ne ™* doors Pee im = 443.54V. aad | [vv im, = Ww os m= 12V O1eaa m, = 2572V mem 2.8720 2BT2Vs 443.5420 x = 0.005765 he hy + xh hh = 762.81 + 0.005765(2015.3) b= 774.43 Kilkg PROBLEM 10 ‘A vessel with a volume of 1 m° contains liquid water and water vapor in equilibrium at 600 Kpa. The liquid water has a ‘mass of 1 kg. Using steam tables, calculate the mass of water vapor. From steam tables, at 600 Kpa: |v; = 0.001101 milkg vg = 0.3157 mi/kg A316kg B.O99ky —C. 157kg OD. 1.89kga SOLUTION: Volume of liquid = m, ve a e Volume ofiquid = 1(0.001101) aa Volume oftiquid = 0.001101 m? Volume of vapor = 1 0.001101 oo | Volume of vapor = 0.998899 m? = Mass of vapor = 0,99889903167 Mass of vapor = 3.464 kg PROBLEM 11 Water substance at 70 bar and 65°C enters a boler tube of constant inside diameter of 25 mm. The water leaves the boiler tube at 50 bar and 700°K at velocity of 100 mis. Calculate the inlet velocity(m/sec), From steam tables: ‘At 70 bar(7 Mpa) and 65°C: ‘at 60 arf Mpa) and TO0'K(#27°C) 0.001017 mikg 0.06081 m?/kg aes Nc. tere OB so.uTion mame see shang Gin erie ris es Oye AN, A(100) 0.001017 ~ 0.06081 = 1.672 misec PROBLEM 12 Water substance at 70 bar and 65°C enters @ boiler tube of constant inside diameter of 25 mm. The water leaves the boiler tube at 50 bar and 700°K at velocity of 100 mis. Calculate the inlet volume flowilisec). From steam tables: ‘At 70 bar(7 Mpa) and 65°C: Vs = 0.001017 kg ‘At 50 bar(S Mpa) and 700°K(427°C); Ve = 0.06081 m°/kg A. 0821 B. 1.561 c. 0.344 D. 2.133 SOLUTION: ine 700 deg Qsivs = Qe/ ve 0.001017 0.06081 Vy = 1672 msec = AxVel Q; = n/4 (0.025)°(1.672) Q; = 0.8207 liisecPROBLEM 13 (One Ib (0.455 kg) of a mixture of stoam and water at 160 psia(1103.2 Kpa) isin rigid vossol. Heat is addod tothe vessel nl the contents are at 560 psia (3861.2 Kpa) and 600°F (318.55°C). Determine the quantity of heat in KJ added to the water and steam in the tank. From steam tables: ‘AL11032Kpa: vi = 0.0011332 mg v = 0.1704 mkg U, = 780.65 KJkg Us = 1805.8 KJkg [At 9861.2 Kpa and 315.55°C: vz = Q.06378mPAg Us = 2761.3 KUkg A 142370 B. 139234 © C. 156234 OD, 1294.45, ‘SOLUTION: For a rigid vessel, the volume is constant: ‘Solving for the quality of mixture: v= ve Vit xg = vo 0,0011332 + x(0.17704-0.0011332) = 0.06378 x = 0.3561 = 35.61% ‘Solving for Uy Us xUy, "780.65 + 0.3561(1805.8) 1423.70 Kalkg Heat added = m(Us- Us) Heat added = 0.455(2761.3 - 14237) Heat added = 608.6 KJ PROBLEM 14 ‘Steam at the rate of 600 kg/hr is produced by a steady flow system boiler from feedwater entering at 40°C. Find the rate at which heatis transformed in Kcal per hour if enthalpy of steam is 660 Kcal/kg and of the feedwater at 40 Kcal/kg, ‘A. 372,000 B. 387,000 ©. 345,200 D. 312,444 SOLUTION: Rate at which heat is transformed = mlhe~ he) Rate at which heat is transformed 600(660 - 40) Rate at which heat is transformed = 372,000 Keal/hr PROBLEM 15 ‘Steam leaves an industrial boiler at 827.4 Kpa and 171.6°C. A portion of the steam is passed through a throttling calorimeter and is exhausted to the atmosphere when the calorimeter pressure is 101.4 Kpa. How much moisture does. the steam leaving the boiler contain i the temperature of the steam at the calorimeter is 115.6°C? ‘AY 827.4 Kpa (171.6°C): hy = 727.25 Kulkg, hy = 2043.2 KJlkg From table 3: At 101.4 Kpa and 115.6°C: he = 2707.6 Kiko A 378% — B30B% 6.458% 2.94% SOLUTION, Let__x = qualiy ofsteam entering the throtting calorimeter. y= he hes ahe = he 721.25 + x(2048.2) = 27078 2. x= 0.9692 orc Yy = moisture content egg y= 1-0.9692 =| “ y = 0.0308, y= 3.08%a PROBLEM 16 ‘Steam entors a throttling calorimeter at a pressure of 1.03 Mpa. The calorimeter downstream pressure and temperature are respectively 0.100 Mpa and 125°C. What is the percentage moisture of the supply steam? Properties of steam: P.Mlpa by hy hy 1.03 2010.7 2779.25 Note: At 0.100 Mpa and 125°C: h = 2726.6 KJIkg, A. 2.62 B21 ©. 315 D. 1.98 ‘SOLUTION: hu = 2779.25- 2010.7 788.55 Kika For throttling process: i= he =| het xh = he 768.55 + x(2010.7) = 27268 0.9738 97.38% 100- 97.38 2.62% PROBLEM 17 Using steam tabla, find the enthalpy of stoam at 250 kpa ifits specific volume is 0.3598 m/kg. A250 kpa: hy = 535.37 Kkkg, hp = 2181.5 Khkg vw = 0.010672 milkg, vj = 0.7187 mg A. 1625.86 Kuk C. 1843.45 Kulko B. 1785.34 Kiikg D. 1687.55 Kulkg ‘SOLUTION: v= We + XV 0.3598 = 0.0010672 + x(0.7187 -0.0010672) x = 0.49988 ‘Solving for: f= hy + xh hh = 535.37 + 0.49988 (2181.5) bh = 1625.86 KJikg PROBLEM 18 throttling calorimeter is connected to the desuperheated steam line supplying steam to the auxliary feed pump on a ship. The line pressure measures 2.5 Mpa, The calorimeter pressure is 110 kpa and 150°C. Determine the entropy of the steam line. ‘AL 110 kpa and 150°C: he ALZS5Mpa: hy = 962.11 Kilkg by = 1841 Katka sy = 25547 Sq = 3.7028 A 6B Kikg-K B.7.2KIKG-K C. 6.6KulkgK D, T7.5KIIkg-°K 2775.8 Kulkg SOLUTION: For throttling process: (hy = hy) hy = hy = hy + xhy 27786 + 962.11 + x (1841) x = 0.985 st si si St 185 2.5547 + 0,985(3.7028) 6.202 KsikaKPROBLEM 19 ‘Stam enters an isothermal comprossor at 400°C and 100 kpa. The exit pressure is 10 Mpa, determine the change of enthalpy. ‘At 100 kpa and 400°C: h = 3278.2 Kikg AL400%C and 10Mpa: = 3096.6 KJikg A198 Kuk B. ITB Kg. 187 KJkg D182 KK ‘SOLUTION: For isothermal process, t= 400°C, by = he 3278.2 - 3006.5 181.70 Kikg, PROBLEM 20 ‘Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 300°C and 400 kpa. It exits as a saturated vapor at 30 kpa. Determine the work done, ‘At 300%C and 400 kpa: = 3088.8 KJIkg ‘At 30 kpa and saturated vapor. hg = 2625.3 Kukg A. 476.34 Kukg B. 441.50 KUkg ©. 436.33 Kulkg 0. 524.34 Kdlkg ‘SOLUTION: w W = 3066.8 - 2625.3 W = 441.5 Kilkg PROBLEM 24 ‘4.500 li tank contains a saturated mixture of steam and water at 300°C. Determine the mass of vapor if their volumes. are equal, ‘At 300°C: vg = 0.02167 mkg A 11.56kg — B. 10.34kg —C. 13.45kg ©. 16.34 kg ‘SOLUTION: y, me “a v= 1000 0.25 m 025/0.02167 11.54 kg, PROBLEM 22 ‘A.1 kg steam-water mixture at 1.0 Mpa is contained in an inflexible tank. Heat is added until the pressure rises to 3.5, Mpa and 400°C. Determine the heal added At3.5.Mpa and 400°: v = 0.08453 KJikg-°K —U = 2926.4 Kutkg ‘At 1 Mpa: ve = 0.011273 mig vy = 0.10444 mikg Ur = 761.68 mikg Uy = 1622 KJkg A. 1378.64K) B. 1532.56K) ©. 1456.78 KID. 1635.45 KJ SOLUTION: For inflexible tank, v; = ve My = vp = Ve + vg 0108453 = 0,0011273 + x(0.1944 - 0.001127) 4314Uy = Ur + xUy U; = 761.68 +0.4314(1822) Uy = 1547.76 Kuikg m(Up - Uy) 1(2926.4 - 1547.76) 1378.64 KI PROBLEM 23 ‘Atmospheric pressure bolls at 12°F. At the vacuum pressure at 24 in Hg, the temperature is 142°F. Find the boiling temperature when the pressure is increased by 45 psa. A. 342.30F — B. 526.34°F ‘SOLUTION: Pr = 487 + 45 Pa = 58.7 psia By = -24(14.7729.92) + 14.7 Pi, = 2.908 By interpolation 1-212 so7—147 ty ~ 142 ~ 59.7 ~ 2.908 te -212 = 0.7923t- 112.515 te = 478.98°F PROBLEM 24 C. 479.13 D, 263.45 ef s.7 pt 212 r—}} — 14.7 pot 1427} — 2.908 pot In a Rankine cycle steam enters the turbine at 2.5 Mpa (enthalpies & entropies given) and condenser of 50 Kpa (properties given), what is the thermal efficiency of the cycle? ‘At 2.5 Mpa: hy = 2803.1 Kkg $= 6.2575 MSOKpa, "siz 10010,sy=68029 —ty=34049 hy = 20054 w= .0010000 A2556% 5.452%. 0. 9423% ©. 12.8% SOLUTION: 203.1 Kg Soving fr hs « caginey : 6.2578 0910 + x(6.5029) 794s i in } he HO.48 + 0,7945(2905.4) i pres oa 340.49 KJikg = hhy= byt w (Pa Pr) hy = 340.49 + 0,00103(2500 - 50) Effcioney= (2803.1 (2803.1 ~ 342,98) Efficiency = 25.55% PROBLEM 25 Inan ideal Rankine cycle, the steam throtie condition is 4.10 Mpa and 440°C. Ifturbine exhaust is 0.105 Mpa, determine the pump work in KJ per kg ALOA105 Mpa: hy = 423.24 Kilkg A634 B. 5.34 c. 417 w= 0,0010443 mikg D. 2.12‘SOLUTION: ‘Solving for hy: Using pump work equation: va(Pa Ps) + hy 0.001043 mikg (0.0010443(4100 - 105) + 423.24 427.412 kg Wp = hy = hy Wp = 427.412 -423.24 We = 4.172 Kuikg PROBLEM 26 ‘A thormal powor plant genoratos 5 MW has also 300 KW power neodod for auxiliaries. Ifthe heat generated by fuol is 13,000 Kulsee, determine the net thermal efficiency. ‘A 35.78% — B. 36.15% ©. 30.56% ——D, 3367% ‘SOLUTION: PROBLEM 27 Inan ideal Rankine cycle, the steam throtte condition is 4.10 Mpa and 440°C. Ifturbine exhaust s 0.105 Mpa, determine the thermal effciency of ‘the cycle. ‘At4.10 Mpa and 440°C (Table 3): h 8911 KKikg-°k ALO.AO5 poeta) = 13184 6.0249 A. 203% Bi 27.55% «= COHAN «43.12% ‘SOLUTION: 14 x5 Bort ~ 13161 (6.0249) & 0.928 é ts xhy = 423.24 + 0.925(2254.4) i 2508.54 Kulkg ? Sobng fr H hyat0.105 Mpa = 423.24 Kulkg é Sowing for ha: Using pump work equation: vs(Ps Pa) + ny 0.0010443 mikg (0,0010443(4100 - 105) + 423.24= 427.412 Kilkg by ~ hy = 93057 -427.412 = 2878.29 Kikg hy=he = 3305.7- 2508.54 = 797.16 Klkg by hy = 427.412- 423.24 = 4.172 Kg Ws-W = 797.16 -4.172 = 792.98 KJIkg ny = WrelQx = 792.99/2878.29 = 27.55%a PROBLEM 28 Ina Rankine cycle, saturated liquid water at 1 bar is compressed isentropically to 150 bar. First by heating in a boiler, land then by superheating at constant pressure of 150 bar, the water substance is brought to 750°K. After adiabatic reversible expansion in a turbine to 1 ber, its then cooled in a condenser to saturated liquid. What is the thermal efficiency of the cycle (94)? ‘At 150 bar(15 Mpa) and 750°K(477°C): hh = 3240.5 K.kg 8 = 6.2549 KulkgK ‘At 1 bar(0.10 Mpa): = 13026 y= 417.46 6.0568 hy = 2258.0 0.001043, A 23.45% BB. 16.23% © C. 34.24% ©. 18.23% ‘SOLUTION: ‘thy 1 3028 + 16.0568) paohee 08176 = 81 70% 417.46 + 0.8176(2258) = 2263.6 KJ/kg valPs - Ps) + he fy = O.0010#32(15,000 100) + 417.46 = 439 KJkg y= = 433- 417.46 Moke = 30408-22608 efioncy= 9709-1554. ay (e240 — 483) or Temperature, 7 3, 24% Bntrops,= PROBLEM 29 ‘A superheat steam Rankine cycle _has turbine inlet conditions of 17.5 Mpa and 630°C expands in a turbine to 0.007 ‘Mpa. The turbine and pump polytropic efficiencies are 0.9 and 0.7 respectively, pressure losses between pump and turbing inlet are 1.5 Mpa. What should be the pump work in Kk? A173 8. 273 6.373 ©. 473 SOLUTION: We = YalPa-Pa) Ty where: Using density of water = 1000 kg/m? va = 1/1000 = 0.001 mg Pe = 175415 = 19Mpa Pz = 19,000 Kpa = 0.007 Mpa = 7 Koa np = 0.70 w, = 900119000 = 7) = 97.4 KJtkg 0.70 PROBLEM 30 In an Ideal Reheat cycle, the steam throttled condition is 8 Mpa and 480°C. The steams then reheated to 2 Mpa and 460°C. If turbine exhaust is 60°C, determine cycle efficiency. ‘At8 Mpa and 485°C(Table 3); oh = 3348.4 KJikg ss = 6.6586K.Ikg"K ‘AL2 Mpa(Table 3), (5; = s:): hh = 2963.145 Kukg ‘At2 Mpa and 460°C (sy =s.): hh = 3979.5 KJikg 8 = 7.3147 AL 60°C (19:94 kpa)-Table 1: sj = 0.8312 hy = 251.13 7.0784 hy = 23585 v= 0.010172 mikg A. 98.3% B. 24.3% ©. 34.3% D. 45.2%a ‘SOLUTION: Sy = S84 = St x89 7.3147 = 0.8312 + x(7.0784) x= 0.916 hy = 251.13 + 0.916(2968.5) = 2411.41 KJkg bs = hat 60°C = 251.13 Kdlkg he = vo(Pa Pa) + Ns (0.0010172(8000 - 19.94) + 251.13 bhp = 259.25 KJikg Qa = (hy = he) + (ho = he) Qs = (3348.4 - 250.25) + (33795 -2963.145) = 3505.501 Kilkg Wr = (hha) * (hy ha) = (8948.4 = 2963.145) + (3379.5 - 2411.41) = 1369.945 Kutkg Qe = hu-hs = 2411.41 - 251.13 = 2160.28 Kikg Wp = he hs = 259.25 - 251.13 = 8.12 Kukg Woo = Wr-Wp = 1353.345- 8.12 = 1345.25 Kilkg 11 = Wp, = 1945.225/3505 505 = 38.37% PROBLEM 31 ‘Steam is delivered to turbine at 5.4 Mpa and 600°C. Before condensation at 31°C, steam is extracted for feedwater heating at 0.6 Mpa. For an ideal regenerative cycle, find the thermal efficiency. ‘At 5.4 Mpa and 600°C(Table 3): h = 3663.3 Ku/kg, s = 7.2206 KJlkg"K ‘At 0.60 Mpa and s; = 82 (Table 3): hh = 2977.78 Kilkg AL31°C (Table 1}: 31 = 04507 fy = 129.97 Sp = 7.9822 te = 2428.1 w = 0.001046 A 2345% — B3434% —C. 28:34% OD. 44.14% SOLUTION: 81 = 7 = 8 = 9/4 x% 712208 = 0.4507 + (7.9822) x= 0.848, hy = 129.97 + 0.848(2428.1) hy = 2189.30 Kkg ate hy = hyat31°C = 120.97 Kukg hy = waPs-Pa) * he @ Ps = Paxat 31°C Ps = 0004496 Mpa = 4.496 Kpa 7 hy = 0,0010046(600-4.498)+ 12997 tH his = 130.58 Kika hy = hat 0.6 Mpa, = 670.56 Kukg vs = 0.011008 mig hy = ve(Pr -Pe) + hs = 0,0011006(5400 - 600) + 670.56 = 675.84 Kilkg By heat balance in Regenerative heater mms (I-m)he= the m= Pe Ms- 670.56 ~ 130.56 - 9 4995 yh, 2077.78 ~ 190.56 Qs = Ahh) Qk = 1(3563.3 - 675.84) Qa = 2987.46 KJikg Ws = A(hy~he) + (Temihe~ he) (1=m){ha=ha) = (1 = 0.1896)(2189.30 - 129.97) = 1668.68 KJIkg Wei + Wea = (1 myhs = hu) + {hy = he) 1 ~0.1896)(130.56 - 129.97) + 1(675.84 - 670.56) = 5.758 KJlkg Wr-Wre = 1324.504 - 5.758 = 1318.746 Kutkg 1) = Whe! Qx = 1318.746/2987.46 = 44.14%