US Ettore Alison Singer, Jenny Silos tors Lit Bryant, Ben Franeat Dads ‘Art dtors Danica Beret, Clare doje, Clare Shedsen, Michele Stapas ttriat Asitants Jessen Cau, Sarah Edwards ‘lstrators Edwood Burm Deis Joos, Clare Joye, enol Pork, Jemma Westing “Rudo Producer LizHarona Managing Edter Oona Mile Managing Art ator Ara Halt Projet Manager Chrisie Soyan Tack Designer Nate Godin Jacko Esto Claire Gol Jock Design Devloprant Manager Sophia MTT Produce Pre-Production Luca Fassinet Producer Mery Sater ‘rt iret Karen Sei Publishing Director Jonathan Met ok ingia Jacket Designer Surabhi Wath Managing Jackets Editor Salon Singh Serie TP Designer Hares Apparat Fist American Eton, 2016 Published inthe United Sates by OX Publishing “US Hudson Strat, NewYork, Now Yor 10014 Copyright © 2016 Doing Kindersley Limited IC Dision of Pongur Rencom House LLC Wei7ie19 2010987554321 n1-2e97e-sunyane ‘rights esered Wout iting the rights under the copyighl served above, no prt thispubieaton maybe reproaiced,sloredinorintrodoed int a rtres "steno inated in any frm of by any means (electron, ‘mechanical photocopying recorcing,o ater witht the prior ‘atten ersion lhe capri owner, Published in Great Briain ty Dering Kindersley Limite, ‘catalog record for hs toe le aval tem the Library of Congress ISON 79-1 4454-46954 DK books are avalable ot special dseoun' when purchased Inbik for sales promatns premiums, fd raising, or educator uss, For deta, contact DK Pushing Special Markets, 365 Hudson Stee, ‘New ork, New Yor 1006 ‘Specallesaheam Prints and bound in China [Mlimages © Dorin kndersey Lite Forturtherlermaton se: wndkimages com ‘AWoRLD OF iDEA: ‘SEE ALL THERE IS 7 KNOW Contents How the course works e Making conversation 2 New language Presenters Vocabulary Mestng new pple Newstil Using queston tage Action and state verbs 6 New language State verbsin continuous forms Vocabulary Action and state verbs New skill Describing states Using collocations 8 Newlanguage Collocations Vocabulary Beliefs and opinions NewskilTalkngabout your ite [BEES comptex descriptions 2 Newlanguage General and specific adjectives Vocabulary Personalities [New sill Ordering adjectives ‘Making general statements 6 Newlanguage Invoduciory"e" Vocabulary Talents and abies New sll Taking bout talents and abies Vocabulary Travel and tourism 30 Phrasal verbs 2 New language Phrasal verbs overview Vocabulary Travel [New sil Using complex phrasal vers [EI Narrative tenses 36 Newlanguage The past perfect contiwous Vocabulary Tiavel adjectives and idioms New sil Taking about a variety of past actions Giving advice and opinions o New language Modalsforavce and opinion Vocabulary Recommendations New tl Givingadvice and opinions Making predictions “4 Newlanguage Degrees of elnood Vocabulary Idioms about tine New kill Talking about posses1B 2 “ [EBDD Vocabulary rami and reaionships Vocabulary Working New sil Taking notes 3 Using discourse markers 50, (IPE Job applications % New language Linking information New language Prepositions and gerunds Vocabulary Fay story Voeabulary Job applications Newstill Taking about reationships Newskil Witing a resumé and cover tor Past habits and states 54 EBS) Asking polite questions 30 New anguage ‘Used to and ‘would? Newianguage Diect and iniect questions Vocabulary Fal vales Vocabulary Job interviews Newstill Contating the pat wit the present Newall Asking questions politely ‘Comparing and contrasting 58 (BY comptex verb patterns 4 New language ‘Asa comparisons Newlanguage Vero +nfave / gerund Vocabulary Adjective-noun collocations Vocabulary World of work New kll Comparing and contrasting Newskil Using complex verb patterns ‘Two comparatives together @ BBS Double object verbs 98 New language Two comparatives together Newlanguage Double object ves Vocabulary Age and popuition Vocabulary New businesses New ill Expressing cause. effect and change New til Taking abou starting a business [EBD Vocabulary studying [BED Vocabulary Meeting and presenting 102 Taking notes Reflexive pronouns 708 New language Organizing information Newlanguage Reflexive pronouns Vocabulary Aczdemic life Vocabulary Workplace language Newskil Talking about workissues (HDDS speaking approximately 72 (BS) Meeting and planning 108 Newlanguage Generalization Newlanguage Combining verbs Vocabulary Approximate quanity phrases Vocabulary Ofie tasks Newskil Talking bout numbers New il Taking prt in meetings (BBBDT changing empha: 16 (BS) Qualifying descriptions 1 Newlanguage The passive voice Newlanguage Non-gradable adjectives Vocabulary Online learning Vocabulary Qualiying words Newstill Charging sentence emphasis Newsill Adding dea to descriptions [BBD Things that might happen 20 RIED) Expressing purpose 18 New language “What if? “suppose‘in case" Vocabulary Exams and assessment New skill Talking about hypothetical tuations New language “inorder t0""50 that" Vocabulary Language of apology New sil Expressing purpose[EBB] Vocabulary Environmental concems 122 BIJ Vocabutary Media and celebrity 16 Conditional tenses 124 Reporting with passives 168 New language The thid conditional New language Fasive oiceor reporting Vocabulary Enicomental eats Vocabulary Reporting language "New ski Talking about an unveal past New sil Oisancing yours fom acts (ERED Past regrets 730 (MBBS) Making indirect statements 168 New language “Shovld have’ andoughtto have” New language Indvect statements Vocabulary Time markers Vocabulary Heng language New sill Expressing regret aboutthe past New sit Expressing uncertainty ‘Actions and consequences 134 BI Adding emphasis m2 New language Dependent prepositions New language Invesion fer adverbals Vocabulary Actions and consequences Vocabulary Nediaand lebcty ‘New sill Changing sentence tres New sil Adding emphasis ta statements [EEG Few or littie? 138 (RBG shitting focus 6 "New language "Fen" ile’ Yewerles* "New language Focusingwith causes Vocabulary Nature ané environment Vocabulary #hase for emphasis ‘New sil Desriing quantities New sk Shiting focus [EBEY Vocabulary Tadition and supersttion 144 (UNNPPY Vocabulary Crime and the law 180 (BT Past possibility 14s Relative clauses 18 "New language ‘Night/ may /coulein the past New language Relate causes ‘Vocabulary Uroan myths Vocabulary Crime and criminals New ski Talking about past possility New sll Specfyingand elaborating (BBB Speculation and deduction 150 More relative clauses 186 New language More ues for moda verbs New language Where, viven, where, whose Vocabulary Phrasal verbs with “out Vocabulary Courvoom phrases New sill Speculatng and making deductions New sil Using eave words Mixed conditionals 154 Modal verbs in the future 19 New language Mined conditional New language “Wil beable owl have to" Vocabulary Personality tats Vocabulary Legal terms "New sil Talking about hypothetical situations New sil Expressing future abity ard obigstion ‘Adding "-ever"to question words, 158 ‘Modal verbs overview 94 New language Words with “eved Vocabulary Chance and weather phrases New sil joining aclauseto asentence "New language Using modal verbs Vocabulary Modalyerbs New sil Asking offering and predicting New sl New lang Vocabula New sill162 [GBD Vocabulary Customs and cultures 198 Vocabulary Art and culture Ba 164 Talking about groups 200 Leaving words out 736 Newlanguage Using adjectives a nouns New language pss ‘Vocabulary Counties and nationals Vocabulary Enertainment New sil Generalizing poly New sil Leaving out unnecessary words 168 ‘Old and new situations 204 ‘Substituting words 240 ‘New language “Be wed oan get used o" [New anguage Substitution Vocabulary Movingand ving abrosd Vocabulary Books and reading New sil Talking about ol ard new tuations Newskil Replacing phrases ww Articles 202 BY shortening infinitives 24 New language Arles New language Reduced ifiniives ‘Vocabulary Comony misspelled words Vocabulary Music and performance New sil Saying words with setters New sil Avoiding repetion v6 ‘Abstract ideas 72 Expressing reactions 288 New language Concrete and abstract nouns New language Informal ciscouse markers Vocabulary Education systems Vocabulary Advanced prefies Newstil Talking about abstract ideas News Stuctusing conversation 780 [HIE Vocabulary Technology andthe future 216 Getting things done 252 New language ‘Have / get something done? 1a Future hopes 28 Vocabulary Services and reais New language ‘Wish’ with “would or “could” New sil Oescrbing things people do for you Vocabulary Hopes forthe ute New sil Talking bout ture hopes and wishes ‘Complex agreement 236 New language Complex agreement ee The future continuous 720 Vocabulary Collective nouns NNewlanguage The future continuous wih “wil [New sill Using the correct agreement Vocabulary Polite requess New sil Panning your career "50" and “such” 260 New language “So! andsuch or emphasis 190 ‘The future perfect 226 Vocabulary Medical science New language Thefuture perfect New sl Emphasizing descriptions Voesbulary Life plane New skl Making plans and predictions Using articles to generalize 264 New language Generic "het 194 ‘The future in the past 730 Vocabulary Exploration and mention "New language "Would and “was going to" Vocabulary Changing plans New sill Saying what you thought [New skill Using advanced articles Answers 268 Index 2%English for Everyone is designed for people who want to teach themselves the English language. Like all language courses, it covers the core skils: grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Unlike in other courses, the skils are taught and practiced as visually as possible, using images and graphics to help you understand and remember. The best way to leam is to ‘work through the book in order, making {ull use of the audio available on the website and app. Turn to the practice book at the end of each unit to reinforce your learning with additional exercises. Modules Ech units broken doom aitnumber The book's vided Learning point vey unt ino meen which shold be done ite ons The untrue hep Begin asummary of inode Youcan tate abesk on ouleep tack You popes, ray learing ater completing any mole, [Conditional tenses REE | Language learning Modules with colored vocabulary ae grammac Study these caeflly before moving onto theeverees, a uid a Woaanjaavoanen case ‘Audio support ost modules Exerelses oc with hve supporting audio white bckerunde recotdngsofratve Engen Contain eereses that help speakers to helpyou improve You practice your new your speakingana stening kl sha relntree bearing.Ice 800K Language modules Now language points are taught in carefully graded stages, stating with a simple. explanation of when they are used, then offering further examples of common Usage, and a detailed breakdown of how key constructions are formed, ‘Module number Every module Feidentifed with 2 unique eumber ‘Module heading The teaching oyu an Wack our progres and topiappess here along with easly locate ay eats aud, bre inteduction, 1 RE EANGURGE TWO COMPARA TOGETHER ze yt wt vt ‘roe “ 52 FURTHER EXAMPLES TWO CONPARATIVESTOGETHER ‘The worse the children behave, the angrier the teacher gets. i HW BO Jouderthe cat meows,the louder the dog barks. rl "153 HOW TO FORM TWO COMPARATIVES TOGETHER ioe ‘Vocabulary Toughout the book, vocabulary modules it the most use English words and phrases, with visa ‘cues top you remember them “write-onlines You ae encouraged to wie your ow ‘easlatons of English words create your own reference pages ‘The harder Itrain, the stronger | get. bs me at BFS Sample anguage New language points reintroduced in content. Colored highs make new consructons easy to spot and annotations explain them Graphic guide Clea, simple visual help to explain the meaning of new language focme and when ous them, snd ako set as an aid to learing and recall ‘Supporting audio This ymbo! Indeates thatthe model sentences {ested nthe module are avaiable ss do recordings. Formation guide Visual guides break don Engh grammar ino its simplest parts, showing you how to recreate even complex formations.Practice modules A Each exercise is carefully graded to drill, GRAMMAR VOCABULARY ri Saecgmgeris PRA Lecerirndcconine Ent and test the language taught in the In different contents, of key vocabulary, You a Corresponding couse bos units oa Working throggh the enrcses alongside mows vars mg the course book will help you remember Examine target language Practice producing written paud what you have learned and become In eal-tfe Engish contexts. ‘passages of English text. you more vent very orree inoduced surehne nae witha Symbolto deste which kl ae Se rsdn neh being pacheed| eee alestermstin —— sere trucn ty Meeticteam nie Saat teeaceacet wines vane ene Satine romana ode jounhteonea ods Se TR a Sample ser Theft ution a Sane mer eet ue I . fesenapae terest ° ‘KR nye ory te ok eve understand. —F OXF moter ernie ssi ce | Tre 05 santo dam Habe Adan Supporting aus This symbol shows Thee Riewicentoneceemae Tel 01 einen) snnmen Rattlenscdawncs es wi mor : | | exe ereoringgnptica ——_|epucator ig ‘Visual cues are given ‘Youare encouraged @23 RESFOND TO THE AUDIO, SPEAKING OUT LOUD USING SUBSTITUTION wiebyeuniend — fewmeynrasen EY | theses inthe book forte / — ———= eee a a - ’ Lstening exerci This © commtatswticovenee | © Yaaipitetste bd arcane er | ‘should listen to an audio we ae : tadkinotde tanner the . * ‘qoamenbonecte J pleawemnnns i Senin eercse i ybot tatty el you Gocnous genome Sroreateane, esau 10tI =-—-.- sh - Audio English for Everyone features extensive supporting audio materials. You are encouraged to use them as much as you can, to improve yourunderstanding of spoken English, and to make your own Accent and pronurication more natural. Each file can be played, paused, and repeated as often as youtlike, until you are confident you understand what has been said. Iter to an aad rackin gre to JY ans the questions athe eerie, SUPPORTING AUDIO Thissymbalindiates that er audio rmatoral ie avaliabe fr you aster {oafer completing the module LUsTENING EXERCISES ‘hiseymbolincextes tat youshoul Track your progress The course is designed to make it easy to monitor your progress, \with regular summary and review modules. Answers are provided for every exercise, so you can see how well you have understood ‘each teaching point. ‘Checiss Every nit ends with a cect where youcan creck off the new ls you hae leaned Check bones Use these boxes tomurk the stllsyou fee ‘comiotabe with Go backane review anything you fee! you need practice futher Review modules ftheend of goupofunits youl finda more etaed review module, summarizing te language you have leaned. —_— oe a | Sheeennemmoie Enea | Answers Find the annversto every ree printed at tha back of he book ‘Audio Tis symbol Indias that ne answers an aso belitened to Exerelze numbers [Nate these numbers tothe unique denier tthe top et comer ofeach erie. fi i i ¥ "Making conversation \ietos have vasious foms inthe present tense, including gf Newlanguage Present tenses | continuous and perfect. You need to understand these Ala Vocabulary Meeting new people differences when making question tags. Be Newskill Using question tags 1.1 KEY LANGUAGE PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS: I'v PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS The present simple refers to something ‘The present continuous refers to something that happens in general ora par of thatis happening right now and will daly routine. continue or alimited amount of time. lusually cycle to work, but today |’m walking instead. i & HH. Ry 1.2 REWRITE THE NOTE, CORRECTING THE HIGHLIGHTED ERRORS HiJasé, Teey Is ony frst dayOE!" -=—=~— té—~S737373CTCtFl 1.3 KEY LANGUAGE PRESENT PERFECT AND PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS | FECT PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PRESENT! Use the present perfect to talk about the recent past or general experiences in a lifetime up until now. Use the present perfect continuous to tak about an action that stated inthe past, but is continuing until now or has present results, I've just started a newjob. ve been meeting new people all week. j HM oR “) 4") 4 FILL IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE PRESENT PERFECT R THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS, *) ae 1 _have been waiting (wait) for a bus all morning, but | still haven't seen (not see) onet o (read) for hours. My eyes (start) hurting. © Has the mail (arrive) yet? | (expect) letter all week aa Omyteg (hurt) allday, but | {not see) a doctor yet. @ Have you (see) my keys? | (look) for them for ages. H @ Have you (hear) about Carl? He (decide) to move. . eo. (finish)! | (write) this essay for ages. @ Have you ever (visit) France? We (look) at brochures, oe: {try) to reach Tao all day, buthe {not answer) yet. ) 4 \ “ | BIfthe main clause of the sentence is positive, the question tags negative, and vice versa, In most cases, the question tag.uses the verb "do" Ifthe main verb is*be? *be is also used in the question tag. Ifthe main clause 1.5 KEY LANGUAGE QUESTION TAGS Question agate smal questions added tothe } endo ttment infra one ‘You licc meeting new people, don't you? You don't like meeting new people, ‘0 01.7 ¢ The negative question tomer tine / a) working tomorrow, arch ‘tI? George isn't working today, © )\? ft See sate ofthe sentence You have met the new boss, haven't you? a contain an axiary Fa hemes We shouldn't interrupt him, should we? I nt €& tag uses this verb pa Fg 1.6 MATCH THE STATEMENTS TO THE CORRECT QUESTION TAGS Nina's always late for work, Care they? J @ | They aren't very welcoming, ¢ does he? ) © | He should tryharderto betfiendly, Chas she? } © | She hasn't made many friends here, ¢ isn't she? © | He doesn't lke going to new places, ¢ wouldn't they? ) © | They're so happy to be here, < aren't they? } © | They would behere iftheycould, shouldn't he? ) ”)C_ iV i 1.7 KEY LANGUAGE INTONATION WITH QUESTION TAGS Ifthe intonation goes up atthe end of the question You'd like to move offices, wouldn't you? 12g itisa question requiring an answer. {J am asking whether or not you would like to move offices] —— SS at the end of a question tag, You've already met Evelyn, haven't you? the speakerisjust inviting the listener to agree, [J already know you've met Evelyn} “ ry 1.8 LISTEN TO THE SENTENCES 1,9 ADD QUESTION TAGS TO THE: AND MARK WHETHER OR NOT SENTENCES AND SAY THEM WITH AN ANSWER IS REQUIRED BOTH TYPES OF INTONATION (You came here last year, didn't you? , . } ‘Answer required [4Answernot required |] Clara doesn't still work for the same ea | company, does she __? | Ni @ You moved to the other side of town, didn'tyou? Answer required [_] Answer not required [] o «) People don't have their own office — © They haven't treated you very well, have they? | space here, 2 — ‘Answer required ["] Answer notrequired [] od © Youre staying with your dad tonight, aen'tyou? | | © | you ave been introduced to Mr. Answer required [_] Answer not required [| Thomas, ? ae © You bought something for dinner, didn't you? ° Answer required [_] Answernot required [1] Youd like to come to dinner with us 2 © You don't have any money fora taxi, do you? alltonight, __? Answer required [_] Answernotrequired [—] ° Oscar and Kate aren't here yet, ——_—_——" \\@ | ” ” c resenttenses [] Aa Meeting new people L] Be Using question tags © Maria doesn't seem to like Sue, does she? ‘Answer required (-] Answer not required (]We Action and state verbs ‘Verbs that describe actions or events are known as of New language State verbs in continuous forms. “action” or “dynamic” verbs, whereas those that describe Aa Vocabulary Action and state verbs states are known as “state” or “stative" verbs. He New skill Describing states 2.1 KEY LANGUAGE ACTION AND STATE VERBS. ‘Action verbs can be used in simple and continuous forms State verbs are not usually used in continuous forms. tion sare a Iread every day. lown two cars. @ i lam reading right now. @ ; at Tam owning two cars. @ «) 2.2 KEY LANGUAGE USING STATE VERBS IN CONTINUOUS FORMS: Some verbs canbe both action and state verbs. When these verbs are describing an action, they can be used in continuous forms eTON SSS lam thinking about taking up fencing. [think fencingisa great sport. [Right now, fm considering taking up fencing] {in my opinion, fencing isa great sport] This soup tastes disgusting! ) The chef is tasting his soup. [The soup has a disgusting flavor] {The chef is testing the soup's flavor] (ther sate verbs canbe ued continous forms, Thy keep thei statve meaning, but emphasize a change, development, or temporary situation, ~ CONTINUOUS FORM SIMPLEFORM Areyou feeling better today? How do you feel You seemed sick yesterday. about Modern art? “) 16 2. 7a He we Osher She's @ Sorry, Sorry © That} That] O rare tm ra aaa as3. MARK THE SENTENCES THAT ARE CORRECT Jos for * He's wanting to buy a house. a © Jess is having a great time at the party. (] | He wants to buy a house. ar Jess has agreat time at the party. @ She has long, wavy hair. a © That milk is smelling dreadful, go She's having long, wavy har. a That milk smells dreadful a @ Sorry, 'm not believing you. a @ I'm thinking about going home soon. [] Sorry, | don't believe you, Qo | think about going home soon. o — © That jacket fits you very wel. a @ Iim slowiy realizing the problem here. [1] That jacket is fitting you very well. [] I slowly realize the problem here. [1] | rarely think about the past. a © Youseem unhappy.canihelp? rs. @ I'm rarely thinking about the past. C1 You're seeming unhappy. Can |help? ”) - — Rey 2.4 FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS IN THE PANEL a Hi sara, Lam te writing about Gavin. | think there's something wrong. (’m wot a __ that it’s anything serious, but he doesw't oe sport] his new to be his usual happy self. Maybe he’s wot Iwwell iw et Jo. t was going to that the three of us go out for a driv, or or) perhaps you would a meal. Let me know what you think Tina = = i hint suggesting prefer siting) P state vers in continous forms [] AmActionandstateverbs [] fp Describing states 1] WUsing collocat Collocations are often formed of two words, but ‘can contain more. Using them will make you a more fluent English speaker. ions af New language Collocations ‘Aa Vocabulary Beliefs and opinions Bre New-kll Taking about your ite 3.1 KEY LANGUAGE COLLOCATIONS Collocatons are pairs oe orgs of werd He has a low opinion of the film. @ that naturally go A rr 5 togetherandsound He has a light opinion of the film. “ight” to experionced ma ae arcane ce todos ntsound rd pat opmans 00% There was light rain forecast today. @ There was low rain forecast today. © “Low can hve asi meaning ot? butdoesnt colo ae ~*~) 3.2 FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS IN THE PANEL TO CREATE MORE COLLOCATIONS Itis (extremely wilikely —__) that there will be a happy ending. close ) @ She doesn'thave any [__ ~__ family } left, only an uncle, career © Sometimes the only solution isto [ your best } and hope. went @ All their lives they appeared tobe [ - ~~ married ) . ci © Unfortunately the financial cris [Tuinedhis —SS=*) happily @He first (into business ) when he was only 17. @ Looking at old photographs can | stir up 7 memories a — _ — clearly @ ican | distinctly meeting him 20 years ago. re Ibe © Looking at them, the difference in age is [_ visible } iil “ | L : _ - ») 18es ver «) READ THE ARTICLE AND NSWER THE QUESTIONS Lara Estelle has recently died. True [1] False (77 @ Larawas a famous fashion designer. true [) False (1 @ The author's mother does not like Lara Estelle’s music. true [) False [1] @ The author's father was a soccer fan. True (1) False (1) @ Lara became famous in the 1980s. True (J False () @ steven was Lara's second husband. True [] False () © Lara and Steven are no longer married. True [] False () @ The authors father has forgiven Laranow, True False C) CULTURE AND ARTS ___. | a LIFE, LOVE, AND LARA ‘era Estelle celebrates her 70th birthday today [ise nage nob Ine younger dae are “the Shas" Estelle was ays he noe ow did secrete schg senttion? Opinions are Some people say that he es brillant muskian witha cose fashion sense. Others bles he asthe ce oe ofthe ty ost dramatic sporting tps My parent views on Lace Estelle are poles apt and therefore peal of may of thee generation, My mothers nce Lats asic and wed thas te some platinum whitebait dark sunglass she ly fats however, remembers 1380 tnd his avorite soccer tam ong inthe fl game ofthe esos Hest rly believes hat Lan «used Dut City tls. Bt ow coulda singer cise such cna? Thequaly of herman tee matter of pinion, bin 97 Lara vs atop-aling dee Shere her firsthand Steven nee 3.4 MATCH THE DEFINITIONS TO THE COLLOCATIONS Dan Cyst player acktge atone ther corer With wea they wert engaged Lan td steven tht ore see forks ther wedding mathe the some day asthe ago ne than He oped ge isa popul: ble mong Cy fae that ei eam a bee Jones id not play The sng divorsd yet ter snd ip. never wor any wophicn ag, Toi yy tates Lara's. anit ir Steven and Lara were manied in 8 glamorous ceremony in 1070, a subject on which people hold different views (opinions are divided _} ot completely opposed } (_ apopular belief @ (___anopinion held by a lot of people {a matter of opinion e | “people hold differing points of view (_ firmly believe) © [-tohoida song opinion that something strue _) (poles apart3.5 READ MARIAM’S BLOG AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS USING FULL SENTENCES ‘What is Mariam's profession? Mariam is a wildlife phategrapher. @ Where is Mariam from? @ What subject did she study in college? ABOUT ME | 1 was born ina small town in nestharn France and went to cole in Scotland to study architecture, Wile at college joined he photography ob. We used to go ld wpa tosarazng paces and @ Whatimportant turning point inher ife {met my husband, the landscape eee ose BEAM hotographorJuian Davies, while petograpting dpi ro a boat. During yt ar "awe magazine published a number of my : an Ae ae Certrnng pont forme | @.D0 Mariam and Julian have children? | ha. ater we graduated, Julan and ! became resiance thotogrephers. We were based in Europe whe our tn oye were growing up, but since they both graduated © Were are they planing wo wavel nen year? ler your we have started exploring and photographing furor afeld Wo spent sore tine in toa this yaar, | Nut tae photographs in Japan and Korea next yer. a | 3.6 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MATCH THE EVENTS TO WHEN, THEY HAPPENED osFey .7, CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE | Lisa was-receivingy received an email from her friend every-merning,/ this morning. © Lisa was going / went to Thailand 25 years since / ago. © Bill had taught / was teaching when Lisa arrived in Thailand, © Lisa and Bill were getting married / got married 23 years ago, on /in March © Lisa had been traveling / has traveled for 25 years before she returned. © Barbara has graduated / graduated from college previous / last month, ~) 3.8 USE “WHEN” AND “WHILE” TO DESCRIBE THE EVENTS ON THE TIMELINE, SPEAKING OUT LOUD DHIMOVEDITO CHINA) Gor MARRIED NTHADIA BABY] WROTE MY THESIS |STARTO Ns WALLBUSINESS! DN NK aa STUDYING FULL-TIME LUVING IN CHINA STUDYING PART-TIME | | Imoved to China while I was studying fidl-time, | got o got married a 1 \ @ twas tha baby. © wrote my thesis e @ twas I started a smal business. ”) locations [1] ‘Aaa Beliefs and opinions [] Be Talking about your ite C1ie) Complex descriptions adjective, the adjectives usually have to go ina specific Aa Vocabulary Personalities order. There are several categories of adjectives, Bie New Skill Ordering adjectives 1 KEY LANGUAGE ADJECTIVE ORDER Opinion adjectives come before factual ones ina sentence, General eects se OPNIONADJECTES —FACTADJECTVE What a nice, friendly little cat! siege sin rie nap oticn Sateen ae satiosty eyecare Spal When you describe something using more than one OP New language General and specific adjectives “) 4.2 FURTHER EXAMPLES ADJECTIVE ORDER ‘@ tsa fantastic, exciting new movie. he He's a wonderful, kind old man, FPF whata horrible, ugly plastictable. fN.That's a lovely, stylish cotton shirt. «) 4.3 HOW TO FORM ADJECTIVE ORDER Like opinion adjectives, fact adjectives must go in a particular order, OPINION ADJECTIVES FACT ADJECTIVES He'sa ‘Swonderful, DD kind : *S man. Thatsa ‘lovely, stylish 9 “5 eotton > shirt 22djectives 4.4 WRITE THE ADJECTIVES FROM THE PANEL IN THE CORRECT GROUPS. size SHAPE, AGE COLOR MATERU anal orange cruet elderly enormous round ‘silk green huge ol tenible moden -—-square-—=—=«expensive tast tiny ancient leather mettl ag asty awesome *) ”) = — Ea 5 WRITE THE ADJECTIVES IN THE CORRECT ORDER : (uncomfortable) {wooden} (horrible Wsa__ horrible uncomfortable ___waoden__chair. | don't want to buy it. hirt. a *) rude terrible @ I don't like him at all. He's a a ‘man. Let's not invite him to the party. (nice) young} (inteligent @ My mother thinks he's a . __ boy, (brown | [friendly | | sweet © Dad, look at this _ - puppy! Can we take him for a walk? [comfortable] wonderful Q Should we buy this ; sofa for the living room? We really need a new one. YL ee _ bs — 23 deo 4.6 READ THE PERFORMANCE REVIEWS AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS Performance Review: Jorge Perez. d Jorge is very hard-working and his confidence has grown considerably since he Joined the company last summer. He often looks beyond the immediate issues and is proactive in cealing with any potential problems before they arse. He has shown, himself tobe fair-minded, and he often helps others in his team, tn fac, he has proved that he has natural lat for ‘communication and leadership. We ate delighted that Jorge has recently started a leadership sills course, andl we will look to promote him when itis completed. Jorge has worked for the same company for several years. True (] False (1 Notgiven [] © The author is pleased that Jorge is taking a leadership course. True [_] False [1] Notgiven [] © Jorge is going to be promoted next month ‘True [| False [] Notgiven [| Performance Review: Maria Moran Given that Maria works inthe HR department, we were hoping that her ‘communication skills would have developed more, Calling one ofher colleagues Ybone-idle” during an appraisal is typical of her blunt approach. Fortunately the colleague {nquestion is broad-minded and accepted an apology. Despite taking part in several training opportunites, ‘Maria continues to take a narrow-minded approach to ther work, Her refusal to acknowledge other people's opinions can make her seem big-headed and arrogant. © Maria works in the Sales department. True ["] False [] Not given [1] © Maria has taken part in a number of training courses. True [] False [] Notgiven [| © Maria is fairly broad-minded in terms of her approach to work True [1] False [] Not given [1] 4.7 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MARK THE CORRECT SUMMARY ‘A manager is talking to her employee, Paul, about his performance at work during the past year. @ On the whole, Paul hasn't really @On the whole,Paulhassettled © On the whole, Paul has settled settled in very well in his in really well in his new role. in really well in his new role. new role. He is hard-working, He isa hard-working and He is hard-working, but but needs to work on his popular member of theteam, needs to try to become team-building and but he needs to work on his, ‘more popular and improve ‘communication skills. [] ‘communication skills. [] his communication skills. | Gi | FeomvueEMIMOAZZOA nn| | 8 FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE NEGATIVE PREFIXES IN THE PANEL | | sran | “heywere realy rude and 10 friendly @ He gossips and is ___kind to his co-workers, — @ Her office desk and her work are __ organized, . @ His last employer said he was __ trustworthy. @ He makes mistakes because he’s ___ patient. Eber @ She doesnt realize how ___ sensitive she is. nore. Calling @ She's __loyal to the company. praisal is @ He's 25 now, but he’s rather _mature atwork a a @ Imafraid she's quite an ___efficient worker. im dis un in s nities, roach to oO = - 7 - 7 re opie /Aa| 49 FIND 10 ADJECTIVES IN THE GRID AND WRITE THEM Topas UNDER THE CORRECT HEADING GEXCELLENTONS POSITIVE ADJECTIVES NEBNLLNRTQEPV — Obelpid = NDEF JPOPULARD @ RINRERTIUTCO!I @ QUVUEPCAMDCAI ° EDI SLOYALIAECD 6 7 HZLTSLOZCOUTZ - EAVRTSVVJSNID_ negative aojectives LCMATUREGJKVI og yisiyat - PHITPAILLIEILES 4 FWCIMPATIENTD 4 UBCNAFGEIJDLM 4. —_ are LNQGARROGANTD ne role. — Oo t “) : _ 8 rove sOMaking general statements Itis very useful to know how tosstart sentences with the gP New language Introductory" word “it” in English. You can use itis" at the beginning of Aa Vocabulary Talen and abiities ‘a sentence to make a general statement about something. Me New skill. Expressing general truths [5.1 KEY LANGUAGE INTRODUCTORY “IT” Certain set phrases beginning ‘tis can be wed at the = start of a sentence. “It"is the subject of the sentence, and ft ccan be used to express a general truth or belie "TT" CLAUSE INFINITIVE CLAUSE itis easy to make mistakes in a new language. ~ some "it elauses are generally folowed by ao init “IT CLAUSE “THAT” CLAUSE Itis a shame a so many people give up. Wt clases ar often followed by tha lass. *) [ 5.2 FURTHER EXAMPLES INTRODUCTORY “IT” It is important to be relaxed about making mistakes. % YOO tis essential to give yourself time to study regularly. = a + 2% t's true that being able to speak a second language is useful. It’s unlikely that you will be comfortable speaking aloud at first. Ya? It is difficult to remember new words if you don't write them down. —S *) 26| |e Yr Fg FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS IN THE PANEL is __imaporteoné to_have the skils to communicate globally. @ With busy work and social lives, i's most people have little time to study. @ Languages are so useful. itis so few people learn a second language. @ Learning doesn't have to be expensive. Itis not spend lot of money, © Try internet study groups. Itis meet other language learners online. © Don't worry if you need time. It's you'll be able to speak fluently quickly. easyto _ashamethat __unilely that essential to dmporantte. —truethat “) 5.4 KEY LANGUAGE LEADING WITH AN INFINITIVE PHRASE When you want to The constuction witht atthe ‘emphasize the contents Fats ach mere common ofthe infinitive clause, 5 , youn put itat the It is easy to begin learning. front ofthe sentence, To begin learning is easy! Keeping it going is harder. ~ acing the fine clase atthe start wore partly well ith short sentonces, «) Fy 5.5. CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE itis worth working hard. To / That /-¢give up now would be a shame. @ Remember, it’s important to / that /it be relaxed about making mistakes. @ With so many options, it’s no longer difficult to / that /it find language courses online. © To / That / It ake the exam now would be a waste of time, She hasn't studied at al @ 10 / That / Its unlikely that he will finish the class before the end of the year. @ Don't give up! It's true to / that /it the more you study, the better you will become. “) 275.6 READ THE FORUM POSTS AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. = =,Lingo-net | ac Ton involves clicking? me Alice (] Dave [] Mei (-] Sam [7 ARE YOU A © Who finds their language lessons LANGUAGE LEARNER? a litle boring? Alice: 1 I'm working on @ TV program and! am look ‘ce (} Dave [] Met [1] Sam [1] sa rgigelrmon poopie ta share 1 you havea hidden tent or even @ Who can speak a number of different | & ‘nablity to ean pertieety emer languages verywel? Dave: mining lean Nate Arata Pameo. dont || Alice [) Dave () Mei () sam CI have ay natal aby and most wos naa least 10 syabos! The lessone drag on a bt but Fi j oop on doing ther und ent © Who was encouraged to learn a language by someone else? Mei: 1 Hk he an da or angiage Alice [Dave [] Mei C] sam (I Im unter rguagen Fo nt en A Sentinelese but its imposable heceuse no-one © Who thinks they have a natural ability snows what it sounds fel for learning languages? Say / Ive only eer spoken Engh but oe of m ‘Alice [) Dave [) Mei () Sam [1 Proesors ha remekable pec quages and seats Mhosa (eStart © Whois conducting research bout | ZL esas. Noameatfabee ee oto leant sel learning languages? took him up onthe of. very diet, but ho's eee Tee GO sam Shown me same nine vieoe hen Aa] 5.7 FILL IN THE GAPS TO CREATE COLLOCATIONS USING THE PHRASES IN 5.6 | was never good at learning languages, but | discovered a (hidden talent ) after left school. @ | am surprised that my son [ an aptitude ) for copying accents | ls | @ Unfortunately, |havea [ inability | to remember vocabulary. © Some people appear to have a { natural ~_} to speak a number of languages. @ My father hada (remarkable | to memorize lists of words. L oo 2B bg of el ol ‘ADjecTt wwrRoD|e RESPOND TO THE AUDIO, SPEAKING OUT LOUD Do you like learning new languages? Itismteasy to_learn.a new language, but I find it a lot of fin. cd | © | Why doyou think learning languages is important? ng for : ces, {tis importantto plete a tone |] @ | What advice would you give to new learners? eat | oan Its best to e ma © | What isthe hardest thing about learning languages? me Itis dificult to e | *) os — rt Li iia a ia aS dt nee @P boroductory“te C] ‘Aatalens andabitties C1 Hh expressing general raths CI \) ‘@ REVIEW THE ENGLISH YOU HAVE LEARNED IN UNITS 1-5 “cuinewiancunes uses usually cycle. Today I'm walking instead. PRESENT TENSES Ive just started ajob. "ve been meeting people. The chef is tasting his soup. [ACTION AND STATE VERBS peepee bnarrary a | 2122 He hasa low opinion of the film. ‘COMOCATIONS There was light rain forecast today. a i ADJECTIVE ORDER Whata nice, friendly little catt a | aaa inTRoDUCTORY "iT" Itis easy to make mistakes in anew language. | (1 51 *) ‘] 296.1 TRAVEL AND TOURISM We need a vacation to get away from it all. Teo somewhere reaxingfora break] Aly get away from it all We won a once-in-a-lifetime yer trip to New Zealand! conce-in-a-lifetime {usique and unrepeatable] I've never been anywhere like it. Itwas such a culture shock, culture shock fhe, [eeling of confusion or distress when visting different place or culture] The hotels in this area all look a little bit run-down, run-down {ina bad condition through lack of ‘care or repair) Ill never settle down. | get itchy feet every few years. itchy feet [a desire to travel or move] - When we go to Paris, will we have time to go sightseeing? go sightsecing [vsitintresting buildings and places asa tours always feel homesick when I travel abroad. (ey) A % feel homesick 4 [be sad because you miss ( yur home and fail] They lived in a house off the beaten track in the country. off the beaten track {along way fom other people, buiding, and roads) There are so many birds in this unspoiled countryside. - unspoiled [something or somewhere that has notbeen changed or atered) My son's thirst for adventure worries me sometimes. thirst for adventure [a desire for exciting experiences} I We're § | flower look are explores We sto of mus stop off ipause a place be We hay of the check (bay yous : | The fi isalon se fastagej cone plas 'm ref to sei look for {feel excit thatis go 30 ~~ ——We're going to look around the flower district this morning. Jook around [explore an area or place) We stopped off ata couple of museums along the way. sopof ms [pause ajourney in one place before continuing] We have to check out of the hotel before 1pm. check out of somewhere [pay your bill and leave a hotel] The first leg of the journey is.a long flight to Singapore. leg of ajourney [astagein ajourney from one place to another) 'm really looking forward to seeing the pyramids. look forward to something {feet excited about something that is going to happen} Every time I drive into the city I get hopelessly lost. hopelessly lost [totally unable to find your way] You will get your boarding passes when you cliecic in. check in {register your arrival at an airport — corhotell We're going to check out, the zoo tomorrow. check out something / check something out {see i something orsomeone {sinteresting] Its only aweekend getaway, so we won't need much luggage. Femmes Af {avacation, particularly a short one} My parents came to the airport tosee me off. ‘see off somebody /see somebody off {goto the station of airport to say goodbye o someone] *) ») 31Phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs occur in many different forms. They have two or more parts, which are sometimes separable. They are very common, especially in spoken English, P Newlanguage Prasl verbs oveniew Aa Vocabulary Travel Bre Newskill Using complex phrasal verbs 7.1 KEY LANGUAGE PHRASAL VERBS Phrasal verbs contain a verb and one of more partes, We must check ‘in’ at noon. never can use diferent ies to form man | Gtfernt rca She always checks jin, early. Teverbages hte nbc The te ee hangs 7 By: REWRITE THE SENTENCES CORRECTING THE ERRORS IN THE | HRASAL VERBS He work outs at least twice a week. @ They are take downing the offensive posters today. He works out at least twice a Week. © Be careful its absolutely pour downing with rain, @ She'thavea backup She always backs ups her files @ Hes behind on his work, so he needs tocatch-up. @ They splitups every time they have an argument. 7.3 KEY LANGUAGE SEPARABLE PHRASAL VERBS, Ifa phrasal verb has a direct ae ‘object, the direct object can He filled in the customs form. Sometimes go between the verb and the particle ¥ He filled the customs form in. IFthe direct objects pronoun, it must emt?" Hefilleditin. @ — Hefilledinit. @ price 32 * HisFg REWRITE THE SENTENCES 7.5 REWRITE THE SENTENCES | SEPARATING THE PHRASAL VERBS USING PRONOUNS ew ‘The school is putting on a show. Sheis looking up the location. be The school is putting a show on, he ic lacking it up. - . @ III pick up your shopping for you @ He should ask Mary out if he wants to. @ They're putting up posters outside again, @ Remember to take out the recycling later, @ Have you checked out the restaurant menu? © You should send the phone back if it’s broken, ” @ He hasnt set up the computer yet. © Could you tum off the lights when you leave? 7 « *) xs today, 7.6 KEY LANGUAGE THREE-WORD PHRASAL VERBS Some phrasal verbs are made up of more VERB + PARTICLE + PREPOSITION her fies than two words In such cases the : a golensrestalson She always Comes up with exciting travel plans. the second word. gument. psec ‘The stress. "Up here *) *) : by 7.7 SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, FILLING IN THE GAPS USING THE PHRASAL VERBS IN THE PANEL i My sister's always coming up with ways tosave money. | keep upwith get away with e My big brother is a CEO. | have a lot to 2 live up to. e 5 cometpaith | Slow down! | can't you any more,tim tied. J © | His parents aren't very strict. He everything! @ *) { PD) - 33o 7.8 READ THE ARTICLE AND NUMBER THE PICTURES IN THE ORDER THEY HAPPENED bo ee to My year off turned into a career W tea taas ateeniges.1 a small land so Thought decided to1akeagap a plane ticket and set off year before going to to Malaysia, university, Thad already done While Iwas in Malaysia, 1 leads of research online and decided to become an English decided to go to 2 Greek teacher. I knew right away island o pick olives. thad that teaching was what | calculated that could earn wanted to do for the rest of enough money to travel my life, A short while later, cheaply to Asia. Although the I graduated with a degree in people were wonderful, by teaching. After just 10 years, the end of the oie harvest! — Topened my very fist feltTwas abit eu offon such English-language school 7.9 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. * Top travel writer Maria Soames stalking about how she first became interested in travel writing, ‘Which country did Maria frst travel to? © Where did Maria record her experiences? Vietnam a | Diary 1 Indonesia aT Notebook oO Cambodia oO Blog o @ Which animals did Maria want to see? @ Which of the following hasn't Maria written? Chameleons o Travel guides go Kangaroos C Newspaper articles |_| Komodo dragons || Travel blog, Oo © What job does Maria do, besides writing? © Whatreason does Maria not give for liking her job? Tour guide i Meetingpeople Travel rep ag Material for writing | Magazineeditor Good pay Gg \ ) 34oo” MATCH THE DEFINITIONS TO THE PHRASAL VERBS ~ | 9 ie 0 to aplace of departure with someone to say goodbye takeoff | areer @ [ ‘stop someone from going somewhere and isolate them kL _» | see somebody off — © (pan fourneyin one aca betora thang } (aa) wg ——— — oe ° start flying } | set off ) ys English o | startatrip } (ater) way (1 ” est of LL nin a te, a al 7.11 LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND USE THE PHRASAL VERBS FROM 7.10 1 TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES @) a | ike to 20 6ff for coffee on my way to work. 3 @ Our plane was due to an hour ago. itten? @ We have to __really early for our vacation, © He went with her to the train station to © They missed the ferry, so they were from the mainland. sherjob? AP Phrasal verbs overview [J AaTravel [J Using complex phrasal verbs C1]ae Narrative tenses ‘When telling a story, even if you're just talking about 498 New language The past perfec continuous | j something that happened recently, you need to use a Aa Vocabulary Tiavel adjectives and idioms wa variety of tenses so that the story can be understood easily. i Newskill Taking about variety of past actions : oO 8.1 KEY LANGUAGE NARRATIVE TENSES, ‘You can use diferent past tenses to show when past @ 50m actions or sates overap, orto say which took place fst oe PAST SIMPLE (Spuediotetnep singe sand Owe The past simple describes Last summer, we flew to London. Owe actions or states that . happened in a specific There’s so much to do there! | finished time period. PAST CONTINUOUS While we were walking around the city, ‘The past continuous describes we took some photos in front of Big Ben. i snacton hat beg eos usu psa est nts Z, pe poh coho ae together tay hat one scones pted longer oe. We action I a isaction fore something else in Owe msec "acu merce dl ‘The past perfect describes y anactorror sate that Fortunately, we had looked up all happened before Seer nthe pas. the best places to go beforehand. Owe The i ; Owe éo RAT | ~) 36inuous sms ast actions ver’) “ OR PAST CONTINUOUS Owe (decide) to order some champagne while we We were lost and our feet ____{ache) before we finally. \ 8.2 FILLIN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE PAST SIMPLE We _were fiyi (ly) over France when we saw (see) the Allps for the first time. ps Oo (alk) down the road when someone (ask) me to take their photo. @ Someone (talk) during the tour until we (tell) them to be quiet. eo (stop) twice to take photos while | (drive) through the country. __(eat) lunch. (Find) armap shop. ” COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE PAST PERFECT, SPEAKING OUT LOUD | Our friend told us the city tour was great, so we went on it. ‘We went on the city tour because _%" friend had told us it was great © We walked all around the city and my feet really ached by the end of the day. | My feet really ached by the end of the day because __ @ We spent a long time planning the trip and itwas perfect. | The trip was perfect because —__ © We crossed over the wrong bridge and got completely lost. ‘We got completely lost because © Our tour guide recommended a great show, so we went to see it. We went to see a great show because a ~) 378.4 KEY LANGUAGE THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS You use the past perfect inucus to describe . ; anaonoraciviyinat He had been learning English for was fappening before two years before he went to London. inthe past, : ‘ . oti Povo TE *) 8.5 HOW TO FORM THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS learning English for two years. 8.6 FILL IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS INTO THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS: (They had been. flying ("ly forages, so she decided to walk around the aisles Owe (wait) forat least an hour when the taxi finally arrived @ | eventually went to the pharmacy because | {not feel) wel for days. @ We went to see the movie because they (promote) it for months. © The streets were beautiful and white because it (snow) al night. ” Othe You can} @me wed Ther Ome! ach show Ome! lund soth (oP The p de8.7 READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS What’s on TV tonight? ‘Travel Underground is on TV on Fridays. ‘Tonight, 9pm True | | False | Notgiven \/~ 4 @ Travel Underground is a one-off documentary. True False || Notgiven | | anght his eye. He decided 1 keep @ The city was rediscovered by accident. alee ee True || False || Notgiven tha header en {ncredile. This documentary el wl > @ Derinkuyu is Turkey's deepest underground city. ae fascinating mae ry Deni f True || False _ Notgiven | rege eon ky ney. bbw the suc, Desay “ © People used the city asa place to stay safe et eT Be "any Peoples True || False [7] Notgiven [7 me 8.8 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND 8.9 MATCH THE DEFINITIONS MARK THE CORRECT SUMMARY TO THE PHRASES USED IN 8.8 fears. | @ The Underground Cities tour lasts for one day, You need to pack your own lunch, and you can't take too much luggage with you. | make a decision bright and on the spot early — @ The tour lasts for two days, so you need to take lots of luggage with you and an overnight bag. ‘There is traditional lunch included. o very early = the morning play it by ear © The tour takes place over two days. You get a chance to explore by yourself, but you @ | fr from central | travel li rave light | shouldn't take a lot of luggage. oO | oF Popular areas | | © The tour starts in the underground city, with a ey 1 days. lunch on the second day. Itsjust short tour, © | take few things | of the beaten . 7 with you on a trip. J track so there's no need for an overnight bag.) = ths. he, | «) The past perfectcontinuous [] Aa Travel adjectives andidioms [] fe Talking about variety of past actions C] - 39eo Giving advice and opinions ‘When you want to give advice or make recommendations, 4° New language Modals for advice and opinion you can use a variety of modal verbs. You can vary the Aa Vocabulary Recommendations strength of your advice by using different modal. Be New skill Giving advice and opinions ‘9.1 KEY LANGUAGE MAKING RECOMMENDATIONS ‘One of the most common ways of recommending something o making a suggestion to we modal verbs When you fee advice you often also give your opnion about atop ena sagen, Id). le ni. e 4 You} COU | visit the park. It’s nice. gh pam { might Pi * Sone sgn fez You should visit the castle. It’s great. ought to ” * AL: Nery strong suet jj e sea, You must visit the palace. It is beautiful! «) Ry 9.2 MARK THE SPEECH BUBBLES THAT INCLUDE RECOMMENDATIONS My son is going. Yes, | did © Voureally must 11m going there to Pars ned week He should ws the try thenew allan atluneh time! _Yoowerta year Tulle cuden Testauranton Wy dont you (Paint yout itsbeautul () "Main stet. comewith me? [_] @ It’s such asunny | Thave to go 8 What should | do ‘You ought to have day! You could go o_ shopping: for my birtiay abig party with tothe pariaer | 4 jp | ein ty topo this year leant | allyour fiends t (1 you have tine | “iiinish ear] [| believe itbe 301 ‘would be great] *) 40 iked opinion here you me? [] >have nds It reat! [] “) FZ 9.3 FILLIN THE GAPS USING THE RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE PANEL ‘The food in the restaurant is fresh and homemade. The selection at breakfast was ust awesome. You should definitely eat there. © Everything about this hotel, from the darkintetior to the hard stares of the grumpy staff, was unwelcoming. @ The hotel's employees are wonderful. They did everything to make our honeymoon perfect. @ Not bad, although the furniture in the hotel was falling apart. The walls were very thin and it was quite noisy, @ | paid for a room with a view of the ski slopes, but all could see was the wall of the building across from us. © Outstanding! | can understand the rave reviews for this great place. Our balcony overlooked the ocean. You should tell them ifit's special occasion. You could ask to change rooms if this happens. You might want to bring earplugs. Youshould detinitetrentthere— You must ask for a room with an ocean view! They ought to hire a new receptionist! *) 9.4 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MARK WHETHER JEFF LIKED OR DISLIKED EACH ACTIVITY. s fan viel) oisite,) (J owe} © tie | Obtke | - a9.5 KEY LANGUAGE GIVING ADVICE You can also use moda to give advice based on facts These can highlight the negative consequences of ignoring the advice. You should ought to General ave wear a hat. It’s very sunny. ww ® You must wear a hat or you'll get sunburned. strong advice here are negative conseguences iss eowed. “) 9.6 OTHER WAYS TO GIVE ADVICE You can also give advice ‘Wise hed phase fg ace Using the phrases sifyouvere he see “if | were you...” and "You had better.” If | were you, | would wear a hat. (usually contracted ‘oNoudbeter.. You'd better wear a hat. "hisiesed to raver songs. iy even ope teat a 9.7 SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, CHOOSING THE CORRECT WORDS { The open air concert hall is amazing. You really ought to / might see it. a © | That snake is poisonous. You must / could go to the doctor about that bite or itl get worse. | e © We might had better go back to the boat. I's leaving soon and we don't want to miss it. | a e Perhaps you must / could go to France this summer. That would be nice. ve © Everyone says the castle is stunning and that we must / could see the view from the tower. | a “)«) 9.8 READ ANNE'S POSTCARD | ‘AND MARK WHAT SHE HI sara, LIKED AND DISLIKED Pe Uriing frome the airport. if (were you, A avoid flying with CheapAir There were ——— The airline Uke || Distke so many delays! The recort was mice, and Ss 7 the staf fwere wonderful, but the trip itself @ The beach resort Like ("] Dislike stemmed to really drag on. The food wasm’e @trehowl sa — Uke] Distke very good either: The highlights for me were ke iste the excursions. The pyramids were amazing © The food Like | Dislike and then yesterday (had a great time riding) 7 @thepyramids ke [) Dislike) cae. Itwas much too hot though. You : — really must try to visit ome day, though I'm Othe camel ride Like | | Dislike ot sure Ud go again! You showtd have — ene moras diner with us once we've back. (have Loads | of photos to show you, | Lots of Love, Anne. ——— tine traveling back tonight. {ant beLieve ney trip is over already! really enjoyed The town WAS a =n Lots of Love, ‘@P Modals for advice and opinion [] Aa Recomme Oo advice and opinions [] X al hoMaking predictions ‘When you talk about a future event, you might need tog” New language Ozgreesofikeihood say how likely itis that the event will happen. There are Aa Vocabulary idioms about time ‘a number of ways that you can do this Bb New skil Taking about possbiltes 10.1 KEY LANGUAGE DEGREES OF LIKELIHOOD. You can use diferent constructions to show how likely you think something Is to happen. These range from certainty that it won't happen to certainty that it will happen. @ Will the hotel be ready next month? @ N 1 A No, the hotel definitely won't be ready by then. 2 No, the hotel won't be ready by then. {The hotel probably won't be ready by then. a | The hotel is unlikely to be ready by then. _ The hotel might be ready by then. It's likely that the hotel will be ready by then. | The hotel will probably be ready by then. _ Yes, the hotel will be ready by then. Yes, the hotel will definitely be ready by then. *) odey MATCH THE STATMENTS TO THE CORRECT PREDICTIONS | There are lots of delays today. Zs < We probably won't get tickets ) @ [ I don't have much money. He'll pass them all,no problem, | @ | He's Worked so hard for his exams. ( Shell probably go to Australia one day.) 6 [ Shesatalenied young pianist. ( > Ourtrain will definitly be delayed too ¢ ‘She might be famous one day. J} © [ Youdon't have avery good voice. ( © | Mysister loves to travel. 4 © [Jeesoesrunningevery ay. 10.4 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MARK THE STRESSED SYLLABLES. 10.3 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MATCH THE PICTURES TO THE PHRASES: | &. [when | o RE eh we HSN unsurprisingly © fundamentally teppen © essentially OMe’ happen O predi ¢ a predictably ‘o ‘unlikely © fortunately e to happen definitely will | @ interestingly @ luckily © unfortunately u /CT SaRRRR OE MO vaTEMSHASTOTECUETOS AS FULL SENTENCES i HOUSE PRICES ON THE RISE NVVSE PAhtbeo ws sural goal for many young DA jessie ne an move into house of thelr own. In anany tourist areas, however, th becoming ey ty al for young local people. Foor aroun the word, ours aze buying properties either as Short-term investments orto ive in parttime. As people from the cities (Ge wealhy eountes) compete to buy the properties, itis only a tmater fame ul the ple se ‘These prices are unlikely to be affordable for young local people. ‘This makes it more dificult for them to remain in their own towns if they want to live independently. In the long ron, there is a cost co society ad commutes. Mavsa Cal ves in puree wile on a Gree land. "Many of the houses inthe wlag are 20 empty most ofthe year There att fewer peop aroun i nue it sed toe, but guest's the Shape of things to coos fr any inland vilges” Some local gvemments ae insisting thats percentage ofa new homes bn such reas Ist be affordable for locals. Other ments recharging higher eestor onerseas buyers So fr theve polis have had ite Imct on he station. What does “flying the nest” mean? “Flying the nest” means leaving your parents’ home, © What wo reasons are mentioned for buying second homes? © What problem are many local young people facing in tourist areas? © How has Marisa Cal's village changed? @ What two things are some local governments doing to counter this problem? 46mB FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE IDIOMS IN THE PANEL f He's broken his arm, but, thankfully, there's no | long-term injury. © PARA 0K, wettorderpizza tonight but ( ) we need to sort out a meal plan, q o ia I don't understand this new digital system, but know it’s [ }. 0 | 7 twas _) beforethe company hitits targets, the shape of things to come long-term —_onlyamatter oftime _inthelongrun short-term *) a Degrees oflteihood [] —Aacioms aboutime [J #pTalking about possibiiies (I © REVIEW THE ENGLISH YOU HAVE LEARNED IN UNITS 7-10 PHRASALVERES. Eee tie caso a |7,73,26 She always comes up with exciting plans. i oe ‘As we were walking home, we sawv a juggler. 7 = eaknarsvereNse We nad already exchanged our money. 8 51 “THE PAST PERFECT He had been learning English fortwo years before a ba CONTINUOUS he went to London, AECOMMENDATIONS You mustvisitthe palace. Itis beautiful! a 9a You should wear a hat. It's very sunny. 95 evnsannes: IF were you, Iwould wear ahat, | 96 The hotel’ unlikely to be ready by next month, DEGREES OFLIKELHOOD i cefinitely be ready bythen, si” a7Vocabulary | ‘11.1 FAMILY AND RELATIONSHIPS ook up to my older brother. You're lucky that you take We've b look up to somebody after your intelligent mother. formann Uhave respect and admiration take after somebody close tnd for someone} thavecharacterstics ofa parent or elatve] fenend They brought up their children to be polite and respectful. . 2 It is important to grow up brig unser A in acaring environment. [care for a child and teach them growup ve bi how to behave} [evelop from achildto anadutt] thave a chil She got along with her colleagues. My siblings fell out ‘a We used get along with somebody / sect othentor afewiyears: see eyel get on with somebody fall out with somebody see eye to with somebody] afte afte on argument] to somebay We fell in love while we were Ibroke up with him traveling across Europe together. after a big argument. fall in love with somebody break up withsomebody 2 {begin to love somebody] lend aromantic relationship] They drifted apart after they stopped Our par working for the same company. i Imade friends with her drift apart along time ago. up fore slowly become less fienaly or close make friends with somebody stick up f to somebody] i [become friendly witha person] [speak outibd We've been close friends for more than 20 years. close friend [a friend who you know very well] My sister gave birth toa baby girl a few months ago. give birth to somebody {have acl] We used to fight a lot, but we see eye to eye nowadays. see eye to eye with somebody [agre with or have similar opinions tosomebody) We bumped into her teacher in the supermarket. bump into somebody [meet someone unexpectedly} tf lam really surprised by how much we have in common. have something in common {share an interest or opinion] Curly hair runs in the family. run in the family [be a common feature of a family] As soon as | met Tom, we just clicked, click with somebody {lke somebody quickly and easily] ity My dad is putting his foot down about doing chores. put your foot down fe strict about something & J Our parents taught us to stick {think the world of my up for each other at school. first grandchild. stick up for somebody think the world of somebody i [speak out in support of somebody] [have avery high opinion of somebody] “) A 49 hemeee Using discourse markers Discourse markers can be used to show a relationship New language Linking information between two sentences, or parts of a sentence. This can ‘Aa Vocabulary Family history be cause, effect, emphasis, contrast, or comparison. Fe Newsskill Talking about relationships 12.1 KEY LANGUAGE INFORMAL LINKING DISCOURSE MARKERS Some discourse markers are mostly used in informal writing and speech. eee Like listenii Pape her hates i ike listening to music, | .,<\,.i, f My mother hates it. Shows comparison. like He's a talented swimmer, { just as } his great-grandfather was. shows et, because Staying in touch is easy,{ since _} we all have smartphones. as show eft mt We grew up together, so we tell each other everything. 4! W Weare very close. As a result, we know everything about each other. e _— Shows emphasis , especially ; il All my siblings ar tal my older sister. “) 50SSD 2.2 REWRITE THESE PAIRS OF SENTENCES USING THE DISCOURSE MARKERS TO CONNECT THEM / juli likes her older brother. She doesnt see him very often [but] “Julie likes her older brother, but che doesn’t see hima very often. | mation ationships @ All my siblings love playing footbal. My brother loves it the most. especially] @ We are all quite interested in our family history. We've made a family tree. so} @ 1 love talking to my aunt. She has lots of interesting stories from her travels abroad, [because] @ My grandmother thinks | should get married. | am not as traditional as she is. [but] | | | pe | 3 © We don't have big family gatherings very often, My grandparents live abroad. since} | *) | 12.3 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MATCH THE PAIRS OF PICTURES. ie ti12.4 KEY LANGUAGE FORMAL LINKING DISCOURSE MARKERS Some discourse markers are used most often Informal wtingond spakngstutons HR a eee He a He The castle was built in 1272, { — } the town is modern. _— Shows comparon. similarly His tak was popular and his book was {°11 } well-liked. Shows reson, due to International video calls are popular { owingto } global internet access. _ Shows resut Hence Many foreigners settled there, (ies } , the population is bilingual. a primarily) ; - Sa } into royal families. He is known for his research, { ) L ” Ry FILL IN THE GAPS USING FORMAL DISCOURSE MARKERS © The father left the army @ James and Tom were identical twins, _ _ | James won many medals, notably _ one for bravery, @ Elizabeth had two children, _Mary had none. @ The two elderly sisters were __wealthy. a Serious arm injury. they looked. alike. 52ess, gual. «) «| 12.6 SAY EACH SENTENCE OUT LOUD, USING THE MOST APPROPRIATE DISCOURSE MARKER like sandwiches, whereas / but the rest of my family are big pizza fans. © | You have faite to respond to our messages. So /Heence , your subscription has been canceled. | My friends say | take after my dad, owing to / becauise we both like mountain biking. e © After a successful book tour, the professor's lectures were equally /like well-received, | ° | really love my aunts, notably / especially Meera, because she's so funny. \ DWickinemewens § CENEALQCY OK | tisless dificult to explore your family tag 2 history than it used to be. mae Mition of family uapeernt EO UNG True ivf False |_| deaths mariage soir nore ‘srultaryarct eel combate Fecal and emigration SOBA” 11, @ Youhave to go to the library to use theservice, agin ait ow vale yh Ie lays wondese ASA resi you cay NNT L ty True [") False [| nd sour anny" SARE Se rome eee yng © }.Ws great-grandfather died in battle. ane alot sr ieee {ute aie. Tedisco True |) False (] fain otrConensey 2 seats OK club for ony $29 well-known scat in years Bone by Kr, @ NH. enjoys socializing more than her parents, month True (1) False [ members oof uF “The = ought that all, Lamily were pci tke tens Ou that my @ The service has an annual $20 fee. True |) False |Past habits and states ‘When you talk about habits or states in the past you can gf New language “Used to” and “would” use “used to" or “would.” English often uses these forms Aa Vocabulary Family values to contrast the past with the present. he New skill. Contrasting the past withthe present V 13.1 KEY LANGUAGE “USED TO” ‘You can use “used to” Refers to a past habit. with an infinitive to talkaboutpasthabits. We used to play tennis every day, but now we prefer golf. . . f Xo Fr at fit Fe “> | A Oy: ‘You can also use it to ee ee e siareincnnaia We used to live in London before we moved to Sydney. y 7 time inthe past. : 4 rh 3 a ee coum ee, on" = is _| 7 13.2 FURTHER EXAMPLES "USED TO” “tse bcomes ‘inthe | en : Did you use to ride ascooter ZS. «= I didn't uselto believe in ghosts : when you were a student? FP ni Ivisited ahaunted house. » ot e 13.3 ANOTHER WAY TO SAY “USED TO" WITH HABITS on You can aio use ‘would to talk about ot ast habits. tis litebit more formal ° ae When! was litle, we would go {lel Whenever there was soccer on TV, el vee > for a picnic every Saturday. we just wouldn't do our homewor Pl y- cS am J rk. ~) 54ie present olf. on TV, ework. You inthe: We used to play lots of board games yesterday. 73.4 &. COMMON MISTAKES “USED TO” annot use “used to” when youte talking about definite time frames past, orf you said you did something a cerlain number of times. We used to play lots of board games when I was young. Q We used to play board games twenty times. ”) My grandmother's house © Whenever | had a toothache, my dad _ mr” FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS IN BRACKETS Whenever my uncle visited, he __would bring __ (would / bring) presents for us all @ My mother ____ (use to / walk) five miles to school and back. eo. __{not / use to / like) using the internet, but now | think it’s great! o.___ __ (do) you (use to / eat) your lunch at school? {not / use to / have) electricity. (would / take) me to a scary dentist. *) used to be es E j 13,6 REWRITE THE HIGHLIGHTED. When nu PHRASES, CORRECTING THE ERRORS things 'Y grandmother tells me about how {realize how Luch Was as a child. 1 ceed having to walle to school in the rain, whereas she woulditowalle five miles to School iw all types of weather, Including ane t ‘Whew @ teacher me off iw class. (had usually done something really bad, but muy grandee other lAWCESEA NDAD anything bad. She wseaitowrate with her left hand, but back then, teachers t : nish Just for thatt nie 5513.7 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. Say Ruan are bvnga debate Fee Bee about changing family values © Where does Rui think young people used to get ‘What does Rui say about young people? their values from? They don't watch movies any more [_] ‘Older family members ‘They watch movies ontheirown Movies They don't goto the movies anymore [| The Internet © What does Livia say about families? © What does Livia say young people think A lo They don't watch movies together [| about honesty? Aton ye They still watch movies ontheTV || It'svery important to them a awe They go to the movies together 1 Isnotthatimportant anymore || woorth © What beneficial internet content does tesimportant for aduts to behonest C] oun Livia mention? © What does Livia say is important in today's world? snore We Documentaries and old movies a Understanding historical values oO teaohed Documentaries and news archives |) ‘Communicatingwith other people |_| 7 Documentariesand new movies |_| Understanding other people'svalues | wl me 13.8 READ THE CLUES AND WRITE THE ANSWERS IN THE CORRECT i PLACES ON THE GRID wry © Agreeing with or tolerating something 5 Telling the truth e wha © What a person believes is right or wrong f _t 5 © Wanting more things than you really need wry Fale [elelplélal*ele © The qualities of someone's personality @ To say oF do something that stops another ows person's actions r values acceptance interrupt | a —F character greedy honesty L_ | a *) FP 'Use13.9 READ THE BLOG POST AND WRITE ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS AS FULL SENTENCES. 0 get ] 1 ] A long lost brother ‘a tow years 090 hy granctatho told me about brother who he hed seen in Ary tng tine. They ost touch over 50 years ago while thay were both serving J line army overseas. | decided that would tr to find my great-uncle, the brother | 1 wre ay grandfather used to tak about so fond. } | “ites te world? | Titre we taked, the more similarties we had. Our grandfathers had both become . ce ee aman en ro | Ss ees iaieirsaesa aan Deneerneias ‘When did the author’ grandfather and great-uncle lose touch? ‘They lost touch over 50 years ago while they were bath serving in the army overseas, © Why did the author and Robert start taking? @ What similarities did the author's grandfather and Roberts grandfather have? © Why was it surprising that the author's grandfather and great-uncle hadn't met in 50 years? @ What happened last week? P "Used to" and‘would” [] Aa Family values] jp Contrasting the past with the present [1 57Comparing and contrasting ‘ Using “as... as" is a very flexible way to make comparisons. New language “As. 5 You can use it to compare and contrast quantities and Ba Vocabulary Adjec s qualities of people, objects, situations, and ideas. Be New skill Compari 14.1 KEY LANGUAGE "AS... AS" COMPARISONS You can use "as..as" with an adjective to compare things that are similar and not as. as" or not so.a8"to contrast things that are diferent \ ° ft if Lisa is as tall as Marc. Penny is not {% } tal as Marc. e 5 *) ] 14.2 FURTHER EXAMPLES “AS... AS” COMPARISONS You can modify the as.. as" structure to make it more detailed or to add emphasis. Enos my Ag, Bottled water is just as expensive as coffee. Comparngsieity, WA FA The girls were almost as loud as the boys. AiR me y ‘Thishas aver sila meaning to almost a but contasts _ thesference rather thn compan he simian oe I The movie is not quite as good as the book. Speci degree of fren [tee The bike is half as long as the car. Emphasizing iffeence e The mouse is nowhere near as big as the bird. - “) 5814.3 LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND MAKE A MODIFIED “AS... AS" COMPARISON, } SPEAKING OUT LOUD ions ge Thecatis nue aig | The phone is _ @ a 8 the dog. expensive__ the laptop. —a a a The giraffe is tall | ‘The baby is the house. ° old _ the man a The flower is, The pizzais | Tes large the tree. wide the plate, #) a a *) 14.4 KEY LANGUAGE “AS... AS" COMPARISONS WITH ADVERBS You can also use the ‘as. as" structure with adverbs, “often followed by expressions of ability or possibility I don't visit as often as my sister. We sang as loudly as possible. He arrived as early as he could. The boys study as hard as the girls. «) p y 14.5 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS <. { Whichis more expensive? © Which is bigger? The soup __| Thesteak [7 The old house | Thenew house | | © Which is funnier? Q Who is smarter? The old video [] The new video [_] simon [| Andrew [_) ird @ Which is faster? © How frequently does Akiko visit now? rd. ‘The motorcycle [] The car [) More often | Less often |_| *) —_ 59 he14.6 READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS A different approach The young baby's father is called Sam |) Zach |] Jon (7% © The mother of the baby is. ateacher | | alawyet (| unemployed © The person on parental leave from work is sam [| Zach |) Jon) @ When Samantha walks to work it takes. 35 mins | | 40 mins |_| 45 mins | cold (-) windy [) rainy ["] © Most days Samantha walks to work... alone [_) with afriend ["] with her family |_| © Her friends and family think her decision is stupid _| good || bad |) TO CREATE COLLOCATIONS @ Thankfully, our baby isa ( Feeling sick every dayisa [ © My mother has high The surprise bento shared parental ‘ty Samantha Pope a monte @ Samantha does not walk to work ifthe weather's. 14.7 FILLIN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS IN THE PANEL sleeper @ The commute to work takes ages, even when there is [ @ | only really wake up in the morning after a [ he new “shared parental leave” lw is great for my family. As a lawyer Tear twice as such as ny husband, Jon, whois a teacher. This meant that we were going to pay 2 high price for me taking a career break at this time, Treeurned to ‘work quite soon after our baby, Zach, was born, and. Jon has taken parental leave from his work to be sthome, (OF course, I sil share Jats of time with Zach, Because Jon is a heavy sleeper, [wake up to do nighttime duties. This does | Everytime I walk to work | get caught in [heavy rain) price | to pay for going on a cruise —woffee ). “opinion ofanyone who doesn't work hard, low and only wakes once a night. traffic ) heavy ‘make me a bit tired, but 8 strong coffee in the ‘morning and a quick walk to work (unless there's heavy rain) normally wakes me up. In the ‘morning, Jon and Zach usually walk with me through the park. We were surprised to discover that this 40-minute walk is, actually almost as quick as { ‘me driving the ear in heavy trafic at rush hour. was worried that my friends and family would have alow opinion of me going back to work as soon as I did, but in the end ‘everyone agreed with us, Alex and restaura maybe e sweet to much — opinion prices to thisisas to go ou should f delicious14.8 FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS IN THE PANEL ® ach ‘Alex and Sue are both chefs. Sue owns a café and Alex works ina famous restaurant Sue's cookingis ust. as__good__Alex’s, - maybe even better although his cookingis mostly savory and she has a tied, bu in the * sweet tooth. Unfortunately, just because her food costs tuck w ae much his, some people do not have as____an ae opinion of her skill. Her café is seen as somewhere with a prices to grab a bite to eat, not somewhere to wine and dine people. Sue says We were this is a small price to pay for owning her own business. Some people just like walkis | sir mt wns el to.go out oftheir way to pay______much__ they a should fora three-course meal in Alex's restaurant, rather than enjoy a n my delicious piece of cake or pastry in Sue's café. on of me ork as soon (as halfas high as twice as low as justes he end Lean SP NS PARTON vith us, i MATCH THE DEFINITIONS TO THE PHRASES (_ameal with three parts, often an appetizer, main, and dessert) (savory) o[ a liking for sweet-tasting things ) L (wineand dine) © (get food that can be eaten quickly i =5 (hee eo; entertain or treat someone to an expensive meal ) [go out ofyour way} of salty or spicy rather than sweet } “sweettooth | © (make a special effort to do something ) grababitetoeat Rh ” fight | “) incolloctions [] fe Comparing and contrasting [1 6BS two comparatives together You can use two comparatives in asentence to show the sg New language Two compaatves together effect of an action. You can also use them to show that Aa Vocabulary Age and population something is changing, Bh New skill Expressing cause, effect, and change 15.1 KEY LANGUAGE TWO COMPARATIVES TOGETHER You can make comparisons that So We WE Wt ae The harder I train, the stronger I get. Ines tat waning eases — you to get stronger. ~) 15.2 FURTHER EXAMPLES TWO COMPARATIVES TOGETHER mf @r DY The worse the children behave, the angrier the teacher gets. BH RW wh The louder the cat meows, the louder the dog barks. 1 = “J 15.3 HOW TO FORM TWO COMPARATIVES TOGETHERogether and change iB 15.4 REWRITE THE SENTENCES, PUTTING THE WORDS IN THE CORRECT ORDER (tre) (terrified ) (he) more} (_ drives .} [become..) (faster) (the } { jer he drives, the more terrified I become, (ionger} (went (the ] [more] {the} (the) (fim } lon} (bored} {1} (became. (quicker } (it_) (-more} (the } (_rained } (The } (the } ( vegetables} [ grew. } nore } (not) (the (she) (the) {10} laugh} (told } ( more} (1) LJaughes. ) ~) Ry 15.5 REWRITE THE SENTENCES, CORRECTING THE ERRORS. (Ive noticed that the less | sleep, grumpier | am. ) Meters oh i dar cee Se ior Ca = ) @ The louder my music is, the more angrier my mother gets. f i : @ The young the skier s, the less frightened of falling they are. ee © The annoyed my teacher gets, more | giggle nervously. Faster the car went, louder the passengers screamed.15.6 ANOTHER WAY TO USETWO COMPARATIVES TOGETHER, Double comparatives that end with ‘the better" can be ‘made shorter by losing the subjects and the verbs. 15.7 MATCH THE QUESTIONS TO THE CORRECT ANSWERS When do you want ‘The bigger How do you The stronger like your tea? i) the better. an | bring my Sure! The more other along? |the merrier. f raven A nears peop Tenor gy gO Yyourappotntment? the better | Thesooner > o (sammese | L tee Thestronger o (eae ) ora you wa | [watiype of eee Themore © | doyeutier the mere. ‘A-comparative can be repeated to show that something is changing 15.8 KEY LANGUAGE TWO COMPARATIVES TOGETHER The weather is getting colder and colder. 4 ‘The repetition emphases A that he change isongong People are living longer than they used to. True [False || Notgiven | © There are fewer babies being born these days. True [False [| Notgiven (| @ Pensions and social care will cost nations more. True | False |) Notgiven | | © A younger workforce is more experienced True False |_| Notgiven | | @ Retired people have more time to do charity work. True |_| False [| Notgiven [| o 15.9 READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS MOT a We're alll living longer and longer ge ee Lifppector is en aa he wot adler people mals ops ager and ger proporion athe popula in many coum, in agg popton ca cae cheng soc ssc local een owere ere ar suo potent bene, The ole wrkovce ste ee alsa exprece ith not people ne lenges et ere they ean ofr moe tne togood cuss sucha velimering br caryONS TO. eeer ter. ronger iter. ce | ~) d longer world ind larger countries. | enges such, nefits. The \d experience 15.10 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND WRITE ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS. IN FULL SENTENCES Ge Aradio station is reporting “T__ enasingpopulations What two reasons are mentioned for people living longer? ‘The mews report mentions improved healehcare and improved standards of living, © What economic issue do aging populations lead to? @ in the first suggested solution, who is responsible for people's care in old age? © in the second suggested solution, who is responsible for people's care in old age? {Q What isthe third suggested solution? @PTwoccomparativestogether [J Aa Age and population C] Expressing cause, effect, and change C] © REVIEW THE ENGLISH YOU HAVE LEARNED IN UNITS 12-15 oS | ike listening to music, but my mother hates. 1 ECE naAtSrERs, “The castle is ancient, whereas the town is modern. o 24 h | Weused to live in London before we moved to Sydney. USED TO" AND "WOU . AND*WwOULD’ | Whenever my uncle visited, hewould bring us presents. | ‘2131: '33 "AS..AS" COMPARISONS | Lisaiisas tallas Marc, o 41 TWo compararives ‘The harder | train, the better | get. | 15.156, TOGETHER ‘The weather is getting colder and colder. 158 65 aWE Vocabulary 16.1. STUDYING My daughter took a year off before starting university. Ihave a year away from education or work] The college provides housing for undergraduates, undergraduate {someone studying for a first degre at college or university] When | wasa freshman, everything seemed so exciting. freshman (US) / fresher (UK) fastudent in their fist year at college or university] | will be the first person in my family to get a degree, geta degree [be awarded a qualification ater college or university] Iwas so nervous before I took my driving test, but | passed! take a test / take an exam [answer questions or perform actions to show how much you know about something] take a year off (US) / take a year out (UK) k f nied, My brother enrolled in an accounting course this week. enrol in (US) / enrol on (UK) 9 tegiser tostart something} Sheis a graduate student of biochemistry. £ graduate (US) / postgraduate (UK) [study carved out following graduation fromafistdegre) il} Make sure you plan ahead. You have to write four essays this semester. semester (US) / term (UK) {apetod oftime'n an academic calenas duringwhicn clases are hel Itis very important to attend classes regularly and keep notes, attend classes [go to lessons or lectures) My tutors give me regular feedback on my projects. give someone feedback on something [provide comments and advice on how somebody is doing something) 66 I worked | the deadli meet a dea [finish someth We have ¢ not final e continuous (grading basec ‘over a long pe The essay similarities ‘compare si [consider and ¢ things are alike Their views are polar 6 polar oppos (completely i For twins, t are striking strikingly dif bburpeisingly not —_—o——7 stiuhave ter. | worked late last night to meet the deadline for this report. jet a deadline fash somethingwitina given time] 9 We have continuous assessment, not final exams. continuous assessment {prading based on work done foveralong petiod) The essay asked us to compare the similarities between the countries. compare similari [consider and describe how things are aik] Their views on this subject are polar opposites, polar opposite [completely diferent) He's so unreliable! He's always missing deadlines for projects. missa deadline {fail frish something within a given time} You can't draw a comparison between then and now. drawa comparison between [point outsimilartiesbetween things] We looked at two pictures and contrasted the differences. contrast differences [consider and describe how things differ from each other] There isa clear distinction between these projects. clear distinction [an obvious diference} For twins, their interests Your hard work has made a are strikingly different. A world of difference this year. strikingly different y a world of difference (surprisingly not alte [a significant level of cfference] Vv ee 2 AME Taking notes Discourse markers can help you to organize language a? Newlanguage Ciganzing information to make it easier for the listener or reader to follow. Aa Vocabulary Academic life Listening for them is very useful when taking notes. Be New skill Taking notes 17.1 KEY LANGUAGE FORMAL ORGANIZING DISCOURSE MARKERS. Some discourse markers indicate what is coming next. They help organize paragraphs and longer passages of formal text. Sequencing mares can help ye eerntanain First, it is important to consider which courses you want to study. Some markers inteduce new oradiona points Moreover, you should bear in mind where you want to study. _ ter makes ompe For instance, you should consider if you want to study abroad. Conclusion markersare wed when summing up, In conclusion, several factors will affect your choice of college. ~) 17.2. READ THE LEAFLET AND PUT THE DISCOURSE MARKERS IN CATEGORIES INTERNATIONAL OPTIONS WHY STUDY ABROAD? ins itn east lene a foreign language aban You can enjoy other aspects of he country ‘culte sich 35 the food and music. Second, you can get a global perspect on yoursuject,Adltonally, universities abroad may specialize in different subjects. Furthermore, your university ‘base may actos a springboard for further travel inthe region. For example, Korean base could lead to more Asian travel Overall there ate many cultural and educational reasons to study abroad, To sum up, study abroad opens doors 6a som fore @ othe Univ thelr © More unive have Forir isina Third unive O such: educa To su tooo are 175 KE ¥ You can us of general markers to one topic conversati iation “) 17.3 CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE some universities are known globally, for example /secondty Yale and Oxford. @ others, additionally / such as Sydney University and Toronto, are renowned for their stunning historical buildings. @ Moreover /To sum up, there are newer universities ike Moscow and Xiamen that have equally impressive buildings. @ For instance / Next, Moscow State University is incredibly impressive at night. @ Third / Additionally, a number of modern university buildings in Australia are spectacular. @ Such as / Overall, there are some amazing educational buildings around the world @ To sum up / First, itcan be worth your time to look at educational buildings, even if you are visting as a tourist. «) ANSWER THE QUESTIONS Atalkis being given about Welcome Week, 0 when college students arrive for the first time, Classes start on Monday in two weeks. True || False | Notgiven @ Clubs are free to join during Welcome Week. True False | Notgiven || @You will need your ID to register. True False | Notgiven |) @You can find all the books on your book list in the library. True False | Notgiven | | @ Your library card can be used in the cafeteria. True False | Notgiven | @ You should tell your academic department about accommodation problems True False | Notgiven | | 17.4 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND You can use a number of general discourse ‘markers to move from fone topic to another in conversational English. it ‘17.5 KEY LANGUAGE INFORMAL ORGANIZING DISCOURSE MARKERS He, “Right ges attention before _aying somethngimpeta L “ibe, let's get started. Here,“OK" acnonldges tat _you have het the oer peahe, J... OK, and are you happy with your choice? Here So" indeates that you srereachinga conclson 2 ~$0,1 think we agree overall. *”» yo‘17.6 KEY LANGUAGE THE ZERO CONDITIONAL You can use the ie zer0 conditional i faleebout things If you study every day, you learn more quickly. that are generally ‘or always true. vas “When can sometimes be used instead of if" 4 . When you sign up fora club, you meet new people. ra “Une meats it ot (fyoudont have a imei pose . Unless you havea lot of money, don't join every club. ” 17.7 MATCH THE BEGINNINGS OF THE SENTENCES TO THE CORRECT ENDINGS. When you join the photography club — © you can join the historical society. ) © | You must pay to play tennis Q unless youneed moretimeto think | © | IFyouare a history student, ¢ unless you join the club. ) © | Ifyoujoin the watersports club, |= You can exhibit your own work. @ | You can join today 4 © you can learn how to sail | «) Ry 178 FILLIN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS IN THE PANEL Ifyou try towrite every word, you__ge¢__lostvery quickly. discourse @ifyouhear markers, use them to help organize your notes. 7a © When you take notes, a simple shorthand with symbols and abbreviations, make © if yourhandwritingis messy, try to sureit is readable. or © Unless you record every lecture, try to your notes soon after. wast *) > - as -pefore stat informati at univers about tips: utele abou ote-take have had lesture an somethia engaging eecordins friend's 4 iw the Leet every wer passively17.9 LISTEN TO THE LECTURE AND CHOOSE THE BEST SUMMARY NOTES fore start the course ener: OM Motes from une ae : ee votes June 2 tom on tang . | iy spoken abreadly Passive note-taking le w 1 wniversity SP Passive note-takis actively e, md IS “not are tps an alvice BU pitch ing Pele engaging in the avorlabockpassive and active SOR re moeeeaeingafferessts f a ~ tf you ave havcout and Listen to 2 2 ing eo ‘Sit and record the 0 Tone ana underine bli nates notes toe PCTTOW Your frends own. en tog = woe aBtively "You are not f Ene iw the Lecture. everything engaging ty ing lecture/ borrowing - erase = wot engaging Peeswt save tine in. {E'S Still passive note-take ie Lecture. Trying to write heicerentedantd ne 'f you try to write down every word from Lecture = remencber what said. Very Word from. the Lecture” - ) passively note-taking. } | oo eo ° \ 17.10 LISTEN TO THE THE REST OF THE LECTURE AND WRITE NOTES —_] AS YOU LISTEN ~) Active note-taking examples: course) view | is nake r ~ get = use izing information Aa cademicite C] He Takingnotes (J nSpeaking approximately English has a number of useful phrases to describe ¢P New language Generalization approximate quantities and amounts. You can use them Aa Vocabulary Approximate quantity phrases one when a number is unknown or roughly accurate. He New skill Taking about numbers tit a thin 18.1 KEY LANGUAGE APPROXIMATE QUANTITIES i , ‘ ‘ you have specifi figures, it may be useful to give them, Howeve, you may need to ‘use more general terms if you do not have the figures or you want to avoid repetition. FERRARA TTRR ATE 3 out of 15 students live off campus. In some cases, students live off campus. "Some! very unspecie wo. The only number. ‘Reould not meanin this example arene, one oF 15 ‘18.2 FURTHER EXAMPLES APPROXIMATE QUANTITIES ne “Se In a minority of cases, - ; Ina few cas <} employers provide funding for education. “me wd rey as © 273 Inmost cases, dents can contact their professors online. iE In the majority of cases, © 850 i unspecfireferences cou e — menor tee — “ ® 729 Im some cases, students can live indormson campus, |2===) |S) Ina number of cases, © 679 “) Rshrases 18.3 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND NUMBER THE INFOGRAPHICS IN THE ORDER THEY ARE MENTIONED. O50 on oa be : PTT ERR eer thie at t Hettisernen (UARMRLOLLIC teeeee EE coreciin ssettseeeees (SUE terete, tt Le weet t ftitig, i t 18.4 KEY LANGUAGE APPROXIMATE STATISTICS ‘Youcan make statistics more general by modifying them with words such as “approximately,” well’ or just” a Approximately half of the students are from Europe. @ Just under a third of the assessment consists of coursework. D Well over 50 percent of the course is online. a FJ 18.5 CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE | 5296 Approximately /.welt-over hal of the students are male. © 97% The vast majority / minority of the lecture halls have wireless internet access. © 27% Just/ well over a quarter of classes are recorded for students to listen to online. © 85% After one week, most / some people know their way around campus. © 4% Only ahuge/ tiny minority of our students do not have smartphones. © 72% Well over / under half of our students eat a hot meal on campus. © 67% Just over / under two-thirds of our professors can speak two languages. PY)18.6 KEY LANGUAGE SURPRISING NUMBERS Certain expressions are used to show that a particular number or quantity is surprising. ‘This ineates that 100.2 “Thisindcatesthat $5 is asurpisingly suprngly ge amount of money small nioun of money, \_ Other universities charge as much as €100 for this service. co For as little as $5 per semester, you can join the club. Thisindcaes that 25 is2 Pia ‘surptinly arge umber of events There are as many as 25 free student events each month. ‘isin cates that 2 surpesingy os yatta The library is generally closed for as few as 2 days a month. «) ——<—<— Oo 18.7 READ THE LEAFLET AND 3 ANSWER THE QUESTIONS Why study with us? $s | Just over 50 percent of the courses are seodunio Excellence We are one of the / international standard, ihty with heey in terms of teaching | True | | False if a ntemational standard Oty nse Sine fom all over the world, attacked hens © Undergraduates also learn important research skills Standing teaching and research gure True |) False || fest Facilities We strive to ens on / Wve a fitst-class student experience, One rey @ You must join a club to use the sports facies. sport files are open to all yd ng ee True | False | interested nt a ROO Toe those departcn eat, we hive a successal drama. { of political issues. cultural, political, and : and volonteetng clube a? True || False | choose fiom, seein a Accommodation In m Oomopocetsthesienste encima, febrile mat cs cura True |) False [| scat tay Wish Ine off campus Our friendly Imodation team it friend an also help with @ The university does not provide any graduate- CAFES Our Career ait level courses for students True False | 74 generaliz it Use qu "is that s that right sure?” be generaliz ° jected: ° jocctepAt sport, $0 dents however, 1 fie this ran choices, to ur J st Mili 18.8 KEY LANGUAGE QUESTIONING GENERALIZATIONS. yh One Pesach I've been told that the campus is, gereraetion to quson ery usleslooniigandloniet Use questions ike ‘isthat so? "Realy? “ts that right,"and “Are you 7@ @ | Isthatso? My experience | sine? before challenging a it 1 hi 7 generalization. __ has not been like that atall. Youcan discs ‘ath he commen ll Seema ~) 18.9 RESPOND TO THE AUDIO, SPEAKING OUT LOUD AND QUESTIONING THE GENERALIZATIONS WITH FACTS FROM THE LEAFLET IN 18.7 | | Allthe students come from the same country. | Isthat right?_L read that there were students fram all over the world there. a © | There isnt much to do there. Really? © heacommodaon ely poor . | isthatso? ee © (they dont offer you any advice for after you have graduated. | Are you sure? —)} a = ») Generalization a Aa Approximate quantity phrases [_] Bie Talking about numbers [] ) 5a Changing emphasis ‘There are a number of ways that you can change emphasis gf New language The passive voice in English. One way isto use a less common grammatical Aa Vocabulary Online earning structure, such as the passive voice. ie New skill Changing sentence emphasis 19.1 KEY LANGUAGE THE PASSIVE VOICE Eta Demonte * or thing doing the action), (orthe person orobies The book was studied by many people. ~The subject ofthe atv vt sth people” ieee tt from the agent (the peson VIany Feanhe studied the book. aa reevingit) Tato ton the book Trenijetnepsine ab ithe Bok? «) 19.2. WHEN TO USE THE PASSIVE VOICE ago pesiad eee paste ned hen MoAb ost ptee aaa eeveoran, Hopefully, the thief will be arrested soon. isa wealwhen agnisopecfed ase isan describing a process ‘a = “ wherethe euitofthe —_ Saralys laptop was stolen from the library. Acton important Theageth noted Deca the pros harman ote The posters are printed on good quality paper. ) *) 19.3 HOW TO FORM THE PASSIVE VOICE To form the Use cferent forms of "bt forthe pas, continuous, passive, use "be" future and parect forms oF the passive woth the pas participle. Use -—SUMEST. “oy hen you was partic show _. was being agen The book ) studied will be had been 8 1 a The ri assive C anyone ‘the thousant currently cl from digi science. The for a certifi @ milo onto @ Moot millior © Moo thouse © Peoplk Eighty @ some Credit © some Techn © Miillior Nexty19.5 CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT 19.4 READ THE TEXT AND ‘CHOOSE THE BEST SUMMARY WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE The rise of online learning Many of the students could affect/ be sos affected by the changes. hasis ——— 21 Online Courses (MOOCS) axe open to Or a ceticahe sgt | @ Eglin spoken /speaksby mionof he thousands. Millions of people around the wend are people across the world, ee {oe abn stn MOOCS a saying ever hing to foo digital poxography through to engineering and © Online courses are studying / are being ie sr erp courses ae fe bough yon may have o pay ae ae cafcate 1 prove that you have taken the course studied by a variety of students. . © The courses are paying for /are being paid for © Millions of people are being enrolled bya numberof universes, conto each MOOC. *) @ MOOCS ae being taken online by Certificates can be printed out / can print out millions of people. o athome by participants. © MOOCS will be being taken by © Some exams can be taken / take in several thousands of people. oO different languages. ” 19.6 REWRITE THE SENTENCES USING PASSIVE VOICE ‘More than 400 universities across the world offer MOOCs. *) | Moocs are offered by more than 400 universities acracs the world. e offered by more tha © People write 80 percent of the courses in English. Fighty percent @ Some universities offer credits for MOOC courses. _ Credits —— - © Some people provide technical help for the participants. y many Technical help a - eople. © Millions of students will take MOOCs next year, Next year, MOOCs — J *) - 7| ‘19.7 KEY LANGUAGE NOUNS BASED ON PHRASAL VERBS ‘Some nouns are made from phrasal verbs, often formed by joining the verb and the particle together, When these words are spoken, the stress is usually on the verb, verb Partie The teacher gave us a handout containing homework tasks. Noun Sometimes, the noun is formed by putting the particle infront of the verb. In these cases, the spoken stress is usually on the particle. The plurals formed by adding ans to the ney formed noun Oh no! It was sunny and now it's pouring down, We have a rainy season with daily downpours. Re The teacher asked me to hand out the exam papers. ii A Aver ispre True ® busin more True @ with be po True © Blend by uni True | ae =f OE US me MATCH THE DEFINITIONS TO THE NOUNS (mid People who watch something happening without taking part — J) = 4 © (-Tailure, ora sudden decline in reputation or rank ) ( } Oren © [severe action taken byanauhoryto top cern avy) a O Frome © [extra support or help /a copy of computer data ) > onlookers © (the act of signing in to a computer program or system (downfall) © | time or knowiedge that has been put into a project (Teftovers o [ what remains at the end of eating a meal _J input} @ (the actof registering your arvalat ahotel orairport {togin —F o ( the beginning orstart of something (checkin) oe “) Bers. *) 19.9 READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ‘Avery narrow range of courses is provided online nowadays. true [] False [7 Notgiven {@ Business management is being studied ‘more than any other subject online. True || False Notgiven |) @ With online courses, contributions can be posted at any time. True | False __| Notgiven | @ Blended learning courses are written by university professors. True | False | Notgiven @ There has also been a he 19.10 FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS IN THE PANEL, USING THE CORRECT FORM AND VOICE {My ttalian class _ is delivered online, with classes on Fridays, outset @ The things we learn are ina weekly online exam, Aehee downfall @ The face-to-face lessons expand on the online course write © From the , Lhknew this course would be successful. ‘crackdown @ Lack of motivation has always been my in online learning. 'o ‘gin © The course is by language-learning experts. test © They have made changes to make it easier to to your account. input oO" RB EducationNation ee, : ee Online or face-to-face? {ou can Tako @ mutude of courses online nowadays: everythin rom online yoga through to a Master's degree in business. ‘management. But what are the ‘oerene. 5, what owe saan Wc sor? We maybe you ano eof bot or ith ded ean, con ae eceo-ac lesen whic coun coat eden ‘on security to prevent cheating. PF The passive voice C1] ‘Aa Online earning C Fe changing sentence emphasis [] 0WD things that might happen There are many ways to talk about hypothetical future situations, You can use different structures to indicate Whether you think a hypothesis is likely or unlikely FP New language “What if” “suppose,“in case” ‘Aa Vocabulary Exams and assessment He New skill Talking about hypothetical situations 20.1 KEY LANGUAGE LIKELY TO HAPPEN Ifa future outcome is “What means likely to happen, you "Whatwould happen ccan use “what if” ifa hypotheteal pete end stanton acura case’ followed by the present tense to express it + What if | fail my exams? | won't be able to go to college. Posen nee shows the speaker blleves this ie to happen | “) “Suppo” refers tothe consequences of ypodtetal station. Suppose they assess our coursework. We will have to keep a portfolio. 20.2 FURTHER EXAMPLES LIKELY TO HAPPEN We should start organizing our project work in case they want to se “Incase refers to being prepares forthe hypothetical statin. «) | 20.3 MATCH THE SITUATIONS TO THE LIKELY CONSEQUENCES What if we don't pass our exams? Maye you could apply for funding ‘| @ | tim going to take a water bottle cl in case the exam room is hot. ) @ | Suppose you cannot affordto study. (> Maybe we'll have to take them again. © {1am studying really hard tonight ¢ Maybe they will have spares. ) Whatif forget to bring a calculator? ( < in case we have a test tomorrow, } “) Ifa future ou possible, but to happen, y also use “wh “suppose" fol by the pastt express it. Yo use just in c the present 20.5 FUR i Suppose My pare — som We stud O what its © Suppose © suppose O what if! © Suppose @ I'm takin @ Wssupp © whatif! 7 .tn case” nt ical situations 20.4 KEY LANGUAGE UNLIKELY TO HAPPEN waa oucone _ _. a oes so use “what i” a a ee Just imagine! What if we all passed me abo our exams with perfect scores? ores case wth the present tense . U 3 2Bi 20.5 FURTHER EXAMPLES UNLIKELY TO HAPPEN “opps” nd poo! ae mega Rs he Suppose | got caught cheating. You should apply for a job My parents would be furious. just in case you fail your exams. shat acted cto att The vb emaiin se preset prehioetaatotats a Teste *) Ry 20.6 MARK WHETHER THE OUTCOMES ARE LIKELY OR UNLIKELY \'ve studied hard. 'm buying champagne in case | pass all my exams. Likely °“ Unlikely |_| © What ifshe notices that I've copied the essay from the internet? Likely | | Unlikely |) @ Suppose | won the lottery. | could afford to study abroad, Likely |_| Unlikely |) © Suppose | write three good essays. That will be enough. Likely | Unlikely _ Q What if | studied for 14 hours every day from now on? Likely |_| Unlikely | © Suppose the examiner asks my name in French, What should |say? Likely |_| Unlikely | © I'm taking 10 pencils to the exam just in case nine break. Likely | Unlikely | @ It's supposed to stop raining, but I'l bring an umbrella in case it doesn’t. Likely _| Unlikely | © What if| misunderstood all the questions? That would bea disaster. Likely "| Unlikely *) al20.7 KEY LANGUAGE THE FIRST AND SECOND CONDITIONALS. _FinsT conormioNaL I SECOND CONDITIONAL ‘You can use the fist conditional to talk about realistic You can use the second conditional to predict. future results if a realistic condition i fulilled future results if an unlikely condition i uliied cone “vs past sip. If you study really hard this year, If you wentto fewer parties, you'll pass your university exams. you woulldget better results. Wu + inti, Ad Inve. ~) Cy: READ THE TEXT AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ‘Students do not need to remember information for exams, True [| False © Students take three exams at the end ofthe year. True | | False |_| @ The students currently have continuous assessment. True — False | | © The author thnks exams area fair way to assess students. Thcan gu Mit your 7 Tue fae ears ar th eal them to consider 2istcentny ah © Students are told that they can encourage change ssesoment Make ime gt es OF True | False || (sy | : © (wi 3 aP what { o =i 20.9 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MARK WHETHER EACH OUTCOME IS LIKELY OR UNLIKELY Likely | Unicel |] PP gps | oncaNiz| MAKING G —F THE PASSH NOUNS Fc PHRASAL| UkeLY AN — Mili~) al learning! ——= ber dozens ons? The By | vsti J a | | suppose you could live anywhere, Where would you choose? Ti live in my hametown to be near my family. © Ifyou could meet any historical leader, who would it be? © Supposing you were ruler of the world, what would you do? © What will you do next if you pass the exam? oncawzs oscounseuaneers {i itsimportanttn conde mm MAKING GENERALIZATIONS Iinsome cases, students live off campus. 181 ‘THE PASSIVE VOICE ‘The book was studied by many people. 191 Pa RED FROM, The teacher gaveus a handout. 197 LKELYANDUNLKEL SITUATIONS, Weal na ath top grades? 201,204 av21.1 WORKING Itis difficult to work a nine-to-five job when you have young children. nine-to-five [a job with regular hours} Our employees are qualified and also have hands-on experience. hands-on experience Ithe knowledge and stl gained through doing something yourself My career really took off after | got that first big deal. © take off [suddenly begin to have mare success] I worked my way up from the bottom of the career ladder. bottom of the career ladder a position with the lowest level ‘of responsibilty or compensation} He was fired for stealing goods from the warehouse. befired a [be forced to leave your job for doing something wrong] 84 We've builta positive working . environment for our staff. I'mstepp another f working environment ‘4 the conditions inwhich you wor] step down isop doings Have you ever held a We've sal position in management? number’ holda position setyour ‘your si (haveajob) [nim toachie Her chosen career path meant We tool she worked abroad a lot. members career path take somel {progression within a profession, ae Htika on sa ina job or through a series of jobs} Im going to college so | don't She must have to get a dead-end job. with thos dead-end job 7 have your! [a postion without many prospects] [be busy wit Many people were laid off from the factory. He alway: to ensure laid off /made redundant (UK) [made to leave ajob because there go the ext more tha isnotenough work available] SS eee MiliBsa m stepping down to let o> prother person do the job. ae ay down ser sng eb voluntary We've set our sights on being umber one in our industry. set your sights on something iinto achiev a particular goal) ‘ay, yYom We had to tackle this problem head-on before it got worse. tackle something head-on [deal with something directy] You need to work hard to get ahead in this industry. getahead [make more progress than others} 1t We took on three new ; . members of staff this year. . I'm sorry | didn't answer your email. | was snowed under. take somebody on / = take on somebody be snowed under [employ somebody] {have too much workto do] = | can’t come out because She must have her hands full I'm up to my eyes with work. with those four children, he up toyour eyes /ears have your hands fulll [be so busy that you can't take tbe busy witha task or many tasks) ‘on anything ee He always goes the extra mile The deal involved give to ensure deliveries are on time. and take on both sides. Bo the extra mile giveand take do more than you are required to do) [compromise] »)BB Job applications In English, prepositions can only be followed by AP New language Prepositions and gerunds 4 a noun phrase or a gerund. This is particularly Aa Vocabulary job applications | important when talking about the order of events, Be New skill Writing a résumé and cover letter ‘True O dice 22.1 KEY LANGUAGE PREPOSITIONS AND GERUNDS the 2 Ifyou wantto use . . True averb aera “> After graduating, | worked in a hospital. preposition, it has Spertiin sored 4% Otere tobea gerund, “ en | pract moe es Wis «| O dice ———— ] een True 22.2 FURTHER EXAMPLES PREPOSITIONS AND GERUNDS | Apr B [<= | True S | Re ea | @ Alice : . wee | Tru Instead of applying for ajob, After seeing the job listing, 1 I went to college. I wrote a cover letter. «| ° “ rue Ry? FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS INTHE PANEL 7 Since __ attending some training sessions, feel more confident about my work oo seeing that job listing, | thought | would never find my perfect job. | | @ After __asan engineer, | volunteered in Cambodia. | eo | e working in a low-paid job, | decided to train as an accountant. je | O without my exams, it would be difficult to have a decent career. eu °o | qualifying Instead of passin Before ' q 8 ° “) ® j 86erunds er letter «) isting, *) are «) 22.4 READ THE COVER LETTER ‘AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ‘The job was advertised in the local job center. False \/* Notgiven True © Nice’s degree was in Social Media Marketing in the 2Ist Century. true False | Notgiven @ Her degree was a mixture of theory and practical training. True | False || Notgiven © Alice did some voluntary work while studying, True | False | | Notgiven @ A project Alice did was similar to this job. True False |) Notgiven © Alice is very creative, but less interested in details. True | False | Not given @ Alice would be happy to start on a low salary, True |_| False | Notgiven || Dear Mrs. Evans, Tm writing to apply for the Social Media Marketing Assistant post advertised in Social Journal, Please find attached a copy of my résumé for your consideration, Thave recently completed a degree in Digital Marketing, which has prepared me well fr this position and has made me very enthusiastic aboutt working in this area, As well as providing a strong theoretical grounding, it required a great deal of practical research and initiative. One of the courses, Social Media Marketing in the 21st Century, was particularly relevant to this position, As Patt of a project for this course, I developed and managed ‘social media campaign fora soft drinks company, have a keen interest in following developments in digital marketing, and am very creative as well as having a good eye for detail and accuracy, Iwould be able to take the postion immediately, ‘Thank you for taking the time to consider my pplication, and Iook forward to hearing from you in thenear future, Yourssincerely, Ailton Alice Williams 22.5 MATCH THE DEFINITIONS TO THE PHRASES hhas.a very close connection lo sharp and enthusiastic ir) be good at noticing small things | e job eo soon ° startthe job take the position post > is particularly relevant keen have an eye for detail inthe near future «) 8722.6 READ THE RESUME AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS George Brandani 275 Main Street ‘Minneapolis, MN 55401 george@brandani.com 612-555-1746 enced head barista who has Lm anaard ring exer 1a cam op oie claps havent ed neta thc at aa roe iene an heh an sae regulations EMPLOYMENT HISTORY Coffee Galore street HEAD BARISTA « June 2013-Presem Coffee Galore isan independent, but very highly rated and fe shop. Iwas part of the initial team that [ friendly, coffee-drinking experience. established the inviting, Duties: ‘ «train and manage one fulltime and three parttime baristas = Order and control stack of foods and beverages smum sales by devising promotions + Ensure maxi ee and safety regulations + Bnsure compliance with hygiene George helped set up the Coffee Galore coffee shop. True [False [| Notgiven ["] @ George has worked in coffee shops since he left high school True ["] False ["] Notgiven [| @ George does not like his boss in his current job. True || False (-] Not given [-] Coffee Time Out BARISTA «July 2011-June 2013 Part ofa large team of barista in a well-known chai with strict customer service and hygiene standards, Duties: * Make and serve up to 250 coffee drinks per day * Provide a clean and welcoming environment for the customers | Awards (Creative Barista Champion | Qualifications hold current certificates in Food hygiene and frst ai aswell as being a trained fire warden, 4 Education Elmwood High School «2007-2011, High school diploma Interests Tam passionate about coffee and lik and like to spend my. {ree time visiting places where itis grown, such as Costa Rica and Colombia, Lam also a quiz master for the local quiz league, f © George has only ever worked for small coffee shops. True (] False [| Notgiven [7] © George is trained to deal with medical emergencies True ["] False ("] Notgiven [) @ Allof George's hobbies are related to coffee, ‘True [7] False [| Notgiven [7]22.7 USTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ta executive janice Streatham, has recorded a podcast ga Biectosen owowre ace ine | ‘What does Janice say isthe most important IMknown chain thing to get right on your résumé? © What should you do if you spent a year ne standards, ‘school qualifications a abroad before starting work or college? Employment record Oo Leave a gap in your résumé Qo Contact details a ‘Say what you were doing a ks per day Say you were doing something else] onment @ Ifyou left school early and did unpaid work, what should you emphasize on yourrésumé? _- @ How long should your résumé be? Schoo! qualifications ( ‘About four sides of paper Qo Workexperience andskills |_| ‘Atleast two sides of paper Oo Interests and hobbi oO Less than two sides of paper a neand fistaid, — Ra | spent ages working in retail even though | didn’t really like it. | ( | worked in retail for many years, then looked for a career change 8 MARK THE MORE FORMAL SENTENCE IN EACH PAIR | o ¢ ‘The job was quite challenging in terms of improving the consumer experience. izmaster The shop floor was a real nightmare and my boss wasn't very nice at all, © AA wentwith my mates on holiday to Vietnam and we did some volunteer stuff. I traveled to Vietnam where | volunteered for a number of educational projects. i © SI did loads of courses about what to do in a fire and how to write risk assessments. [|_| 1am a qualified fire warden and am trained in writing risk assessments. ° a | have an in-depth knowledge of real estate due to having eight years’ experience. | know lots of things about selling houses because I've been doing it for ages. 00 00 0000 go “ | 0 coffee.WE) Asking polite questions In English, asking questions directly can sometimes be 4g Newlanguage Direct and indirect questions seen as impolite. Its very common for English speakers Aa Vocabulary Job inte to make their questions more indirect. Be Newskill Asking ions politely ‘contains "to be,’ this verb What are your career goals? ccomes after the subject. 23.) KEY LANGUAGE POLITE OPEN QUESTIONS > | \ } Could you tell me what your career goals are? Poite questions usualy stat with one ofthese phrases The auxiliary vert What have you designed before? fe “to have’ also comes after the subjectin ir indirect questions. . . | was wondering what you have designed before. ‘ Nabrasthialg Why do you enjoy working in fashion? appear in indirect 4 auesions I'd like to know why you enjoy working in fashion. «) FJ 23.2 REWRITE THE DIRECT QUESTIONS AS INDIRECT QUESTIONS What are your strengths? = Couldyoutell me _ what your strengdhs are? @ When are you available? = Iwas wondering @ Why have you applied for this job? = dlike to know - © What is our best-selling product? Do you have any idea © Who was your last manager? 'm curious to know °) %0 Have © Doyo O Have © Doyo © D0 yoKEY LANGUAGE POLITE YES/NO QUESTIONS sanindirect, questions Have you worked in a café before? asking yes/no tions stows : 4 7 sf’ or‘whether” ~— Could you tell me if you have worked in a café before? canbe replaced by whet ne een moe fra *) 23.4 REWRITE THE DIRECT QUESTIONS AS INDIRECT QUESTIONS USING “IF” OR “WHETHER” | Have you ever led a team? = Couldyoutell us__if you have ever led a team? Do you like working with animals? = We were wondering @ Have you applied for otherjobs?- = Would you mind telling us © 0 you have any computer skis? ="Couldyoutell me @ Do you have relevant experience? = We'dlike to know *) | Fy 23.5. REWRITE THE INDIRECT QUESTIONS, PUTTING THE WORDS IN THE CORRECT ORDER (you } (us| {tet} { your | { could | | more || skills? | | leadership | | about_) | Could you tell us more about your leadership skills? as ae © | wondering ) | were } | you} | last | (teft_| | we ) | why } [your | { job, | @ (your) (you) (future | ( Could } { tell} ( about} {us} (career | | ambitions? @ like | { v0 know | | you | | taking | |whether} | Id) | like risks, | a a «)23.6 READ THE ARTICLE AND 7 2 cy ‘ANSWER THE QUESTIONS 7 4 A Top Tips for Job Interviews ‘Wear whatever you want to the interview. Ree True [7] False (7 Tier rte i, @ You shouldn't wear your interview outfit before certo dee 7 the interview. ‘ feel comfortable What True ["] False (] ee Its rep Know the compan @ Youwill probably be asked questions about ar expected alk abou il || og our both of them | say the company. ‘Think of potential al questions ooo Samer tims think about possible pots © You should learn detailed answers by heart. A tinker True || False | | and your by heart, but You could make, ‘questions to ask the eppertinly to make a neresng a ier, NYU ook @ You should think of questions to ask the interviewer. Be calm and confide ‘ confident. You True |) False |) Steet Chis fant St something iamerviewer. 23.7 KEY LANGUAGE STALLING TECHNIQUES Ifyou need extra time to think about a difficult question before answering it, you can start your response with a stalling phrase that indicates you are considering the question, | © what Would you be happy Well, | do have What are your Good question. | have greats toworkon weekends? —_two children. strengths? excellent computer skills. He us He get 2 Heist Owhys | Marke He Why should we _Let’'s see... | think my experience itwas] hire you? would be very useful. tewas} React «) | sP directs Milli] 92will , but Imake | elf look n.T have uter skills. «) paR: LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND 23.9 RESPOND TO THE AUDIO, A NSWER THE QUESTIONS Sunainais interviewing Rhodri for ajob at her company. ‘What dées Rhodri say about Alphomega? | Itsreputation isnot that good =] Its reputation is growing oO It's a well-respected company mw © Why does Rhodri say that, asa new graduate, he would benefit the company? Heis clever and soleams thingseasily — [_] He has learned new techniquesand skills} He will not have developed bad habits [| @ Why didn't Sunaina ask about Rhodris strengths? She had already read about them o She thought he might not tell the truth [_) She thought it might be boring o © What did Rhodri say was his greatest weakness? Heused tobe very critical ofhimseif —[_] He gets bored easily because he'ssosmart [_] He is honest when he shouldn't be Oo @ Why had Rhodri researched Alphomega Marketing so thoroughly? He knew he was coming for an interview Qo twas part of his final-year project ao} | oO le was part of his second-year project SPEAKING OUT LOUD USING STALLING TECHNIQUES ‘What is your proudest career moment? Good question. think i'd be when _ Lies promoted to senior manag Cy When have you worked as part of a team? | We | What do you know about our company? Actually, ‘Where do you see yourself in five years? Let's see, — _ a ‘Why do you think we should hire you? Good question, ————. a ” \ PP direct and indirectquestions ] —Aajob interviews C] fp Asking questions politely C] hm 93Complex verb patterns There are several different patterns that verbs can oP Newlanguage Verb + infinitive / gerund follow, including whether they can be followed by Aa Vocabulary World of work an infinitive or a gerund. Bie New skill Using complex verb patterns “1 KEY LANGUAGE VERB + INFINITIVE PATTERNS Some verbs are followed by an infinitive, ‘VERB + INFINITIVE aS He managed to finish the report just in time. Other verbs must have an object before an infinitive. VERB + OBJECT + INFINITIVE = My computer enables me to work on two screens at once. *) © 24.2 CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT PHRASE IN EACH SENTENCE | was delighted when the HR department offerectr/ offered to improve my salary. © The new product launch caused the profits to rise/ to rise the profits, which was excellent news. @ | recently lost my job, but Hi2!iay ‘to find a new one quite quickly © The employees were furious, so they th/eatcned the boss / threatened to not work yesterday. @ | always get scared when my boss invites me to / nvites tome her office. It's never good news. @ Sometimes it can be good to volunteer you / volunteer to do extra work. tl impress your boss. © On Fridays, my manager sometimes 1llov's n° / allows to leave early to enjoy the weekend. *) 94 ' some vet folowed instead of Some verb followed b and a geru rem @ over @Ana © One c Overe O Thec © Bring @weh Oliisererund ers vs. «)) [| Some verbs are usually followed by a gerund instead of an infinitive Some verbs can be followed by an object anda gerund, i oecaeeeaeeaeainans VERB + OBJECT + GERUND 24.3 KEY LANGUAGE VERB + GERUND PATTERNS VER + GERUND iS I really enjoy working at the zoo. It’s a lot of fun. rf Hayley heard the boss interviewing the new secretary. ~) © over the years we have enjoyed @ An auditor has advised us © One change we would like © We're sure that you will approve of us © The change will prevent our company © Bringing your own mug will enable us @ We hope that you approve of the company tosstick leading trying to bring 1 send another quick memo on Fiday to remind you throwing away ey FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS IN THE PANEL Iremember __ntendioning _ some changes to you briefly, so here's a litle more information the market when it comes to the environment. some of our policies in order to improve further. __is to no longer supply disposable cups. to become more environmentally friendly. Lup to 25,000 cups each year. to this new initiative. ‘your own mug to work. tomake mentioning, making to change a change like this, It's for a great cause. *) 9524.5 KEY LANGUAGE VERBS THAT NEED A PREPOSITION Some verbs need to be object, Different verbs VERS + PREPOSITION are followed by different prepositions. The head chef used to shout at the staff to encourage them to work harder. wo ow VY eee fee) ~) 24.6 FURTHER EXAMPLES VERBS THAT NEED A PREPOSITION an OC ae The café was counting on the new menu to impress its customers. a4 i 1 | The head chef appealed to the manager to hire more kitchen staff, 5 4 2 1 The café advertised for another chef to join the team. *) J 24.7 CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE They planned for / 7 px“/sera babysitter to look after their son while they went to a dinner party | @ He appealed for / at / on / to the audience, asking them to stop booing the actors in the play. | @ She always shouts for / at / on / to him when he doesn't take the dog for a walk. © You should wait for /at / on /to jane to arrive before talking to Max about this important issue. © tm sure that | can count for /at /on /to you to support your boss at this difficult time, © We arranged for /at/ on / to the doctor to see you tomorrow morning at 10am. © My children never listen for /at /on /to me when | tellthem what to do. 96. “| What if You cate O what pa © what ai @ How did @ How do:ners. staff. ~) arty. 4.8 READ THE ARTICLE AND WRITE ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS | AS FULL SENTENCES HOME | AsouT ) contact WELCOME! Here you can nd out more about the YouToPint YoUTOPrt company history, ‘now, and our exciting plans for the future. We be futur. We began designing and ‘documents and cards for businesses 20 years: ago, ° where we are printing Ls ya, we stead our processes b : cur procesn by puting te cent charge eign, wl we forsadon ving the quay mater rpg Wh se X wohad oat of fo of or ta nermade anuntor efor wecould tn pass onto ourehons ina emmcchee ‘We will shorty be revealing our SmartUBiz cards. You only noed to tap these cards ‘ona smartphone to be taken directly toa website. Those websites can be changed ‘by the cfent at any time, so the business card is always upto dato, What information can you find on this page of the YouToPrint website? Yon ca t the company’s history, and also its present and future plans. © What part of the process did YouToPrint do 20 years ago that they don't now? © What did the company focus on when the clients started designing the products? @ How did the clients benefit when a number of people were let go? 8P Verb intintive /gorund C] ‘Aa Wiord of work C1] Be Using complex verb patterns CI 7Double object verbs ‘Some verbs can be followed by both a direct object and” Newlanguage Doub! le object verbs an indirect object. Sentences using these verbs canbe Aa Vocabulary New businesses ordered in a number of different ways Bh New skill Talking about starting a business 75. KEY LANGUAGE DOUBLE OBJECT VERBS WITH NOUNS The direct object the person or DIRECTOBJECT INDIRECT OBJECT thing that an action happens to. “heindec objec bers om gee the same action. Ifthe indirect She lent some money to her son. ‘object is the focus, it comes after the direct object lus "oo “for” b a cy Pa ‘The indirect object can also come before the direct object. In this ‘case, no preposition is needed. She lent her son some money. ‘he preposton i droppecwhen ~) ‘he nde ofthe abject i reversed 1 € [25 ? KEY LANGUAGE DOUBLE OBJECT VERBS WITH PRONOUNS {Fthe direct object i a pronoun, She lent it to her son. @ it must come before the jrdirect object. She lent her son it. ifthe indirect objets a pronoun, i tance teoworatarne” She lent himsome money. @ direct object She lent some money to him. @ “To! is usu “for" is use ’ He sol oh 25, SER [The bre Othe sty © The spe © He pas 0 Achar 25] AN The mt True © @ Hugh True | © People True — “) | 25.5, REWRITE THE SENTENCES CORRECTING THE ERRORS a He bought a house his daughter. We gaveto them some candy He bought a house for his daughter, @ Barbara gave it me. @ James passed to me the documents, - — ~«) | %8 © Walker! True abs business *) *) 75.4 KEY LANGUAGE VERBS WITH “TO” OI me verbs can take either "to" or “or” dependingon the context Sorts usualy used when there isa transfer of something, whereas for is used when someone benefits from something. He sold the house to the family. [The family bought the house] He sold the house for the family. [He sold the house on behalf of the family] ST [ J 25.6 READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS: ‘The museum has recently been built, \ True | False IZ” Notgiven () © Hugh Walker won an award at the ceremony. True |") False |) Notgiven || @ Peopie have donated money to help save the museum, True || False |] Notgiven (] Walker is still in charge of the building. True || False | | Notgiven —] i Py) Nes 25.5 CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORD TO MAKE THE PAIRS OF SENTENCES MATCH ‘The brothers bought the business. = She sold the business to /Sor the brothers. | @ The students received the homework, = _ The teacher gave homework to /for the students @ The speech was promoting the business, = He made a speech to / for the business. He passed on his knowledge. = He gave advice to /for them. | | © A charity worker s collecting money. = He's collecting money to /for the charity. «| ART AND CULTURE SAVE THE MUSEUM Litsrian ugh water ents, Wak sists. Walker, who lastnight gavean Sought emotional speech to the eerie Yeats ago, gave ito the ‘charity to run last year audience at the Heritage ‘Awards holdin the newly renovated museum. Fe thanked all the people who hhad donated money to the “Save the Museum” campaign. He thanked them {or preserving the historic ‘uiseum for the benefit of thousands of future history 99,Ay 25.7 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND CORRECT THE SENTENCES ra Colin is talking to his fiend about Staring his new business, Colin stil has quite a lot of paperwork to do. Calin has finished all of the paperwork. © The business will start trading next year. Starting a business is expensive, but Colin has ots of money. Lots of companies have made walking map apps. © Ifit fails, he will realy regret opening the business. 25.8 LISTEN AGAIN AND FILLIN THE GAPS USING THE IDIOMS BELOW ''ve been planning to start my own map shop for years, and finally 've done all the paperwork and all the ____red tape __ is out of the way. We don't formally open until next month, but I'm getting everything ready now so we canreally _________. Ithasn’t been cheap though. Starting a business is very expensive and | don't havea__to buy thousands of maps. The walking map app is the though. Not many people do those yet and | hope to have by the end of next year. Of course, it might all go horribly wrong, but veh? comered the market aedtape ace up my sleeve blank check nothing ventured, nothing gained hit the ground running penis o__ o_- INDIREC STALLN court= ; 759 REWRNETHEHIGHuGHTED -COlin’s Maps will be PHRASES, CORRECTING THE ERRORS. openning Saturday! poi Seturdsy ~*~ = goutmaps : the new walking and ese tgp ape or o__ + devices son, This pp LBB for all °e ° smartphones ancl tablets and you will be able tomnake —— = digalntes os yo alee ier SEI "We aso hte REMUS of tradtnal paper and ‘waterproof maps, Stop in to see ust ‘Double object verbs] AaNew businesses [] fp Talking about stating abusiness [1] J ‘© REVIEW THE ENGLISH YOU HAVE LEARNED IN UNITS 22-25 PREPOSITIONS ANDGERUNDS | After graduating, I worked in a hospital. Could you tell me what your career goals are? Pemecl QUESTIONS Id like to know if you've worked ina café before? STALLING TECHNIQUES Good question, | think 'd have to check first. He managed to finish writing the report justin time, She likes her boss telling her what's happening. The café acivertised for another chef to join the team. ‘COMPLEX VERB PATTERNS. VERBS WHICH NEED [PREPOSITION She lent some money to her son, She lent him some money. He sold the store to the family. He sold the store for the family. DouBLE OBJECT VERBS VERBS WITH "TO" OR*FOR™ 026.1 MEETING AND PRESENTING Vd like you to give a presentation You will need to attend the on your research. cn finance meeting tamorrow. givea presentation how off attend a meeting [present a formal talk for fovote pail (fotos mest up of pope Soren | The CEO has put forward an agenda ; , y -22PrDn for tomorrow's meeting. Our falling profits will k ) We react ees be on the agenda today. I: agreeme [suggest what will be ‘onthe agenda janimou Gstised na nest a ea OK, now you've all been introduced, 7 5 let's get down to business. John isill and so he will be Shall we aoe acne absent from the meeting. next me¢ [start working or doing something absent } seta date | that you have to do} not present) [agree on a We've arranged a conference call with Sanjay has been on the board 7 ‘our French and German managers. of directors for three years. 1 a tal conference call board of directors Erdle fatelephone call with a number [a group of people who manage pt take que: (of people atthe same time] | Business or organisation] 2aRa Uisten to ane On the one hand itis affordable, but ri 4 Let's look at last year’s sales a bis oe, a rea of the m i i ‘on the one han figures for this product. oa te one take the m look at [something to consider /_ bette the 1g [begin to consider or discuss] ‘a contrasting thing to consider] spe ids 7 — a 102a ——_—_—— ion canwe have a show of hands for those who agree with the idea? show of harids vy rote performed by asinghandsto eSwagreement with a proposal] We reached a unanimous agreement on the plan. unanimous [when everyone is in agreement] ie Shall we set a date for the next meeting? setadate [agree on a date in the future] Iwill take questions at the end of the presentation. take questions listen to and answer questions} Maria will take the minutes of the meeting today. take the minutes lite the record of what as said during a meeting] Ittook hours to reach a consensus. reach a consensus [arrive at position of agreement) So, to sum up, we need to increase sales in this area. sum up Feonclude] | think we're finished unless there is any other business? any other business (AOB) [any matter discussed ina meeting that is nat on the agendal We can't discuss replacing the printers because we've run out of time. run out of time Ihave no time left for something} Let's start by reviewing the minutes of last month’s meeting. review the minutes [look again at the written record of a past meeting] *) 103If, Reflexive pronouns Reflexive pronouns show that the subject of a verb #9 New language Reflexive pronouns is the same as its object. They can also be used in ‘Aa Vocabulary Workplace language other situations to add emphasis. Be New skill Talking about work issues 27.1 KEY LANGUAGE REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS Reflexive pronouns in English are formed by adding the suffix self" or selves" to simple pronouns. E] I left myself a reminder about the meeting. Aint Sarah sees herself as a natural team leader. + ", . a We pride ourselves on our customer service. Th Nota single person let themselves down today. ) 27.2 HOW TO FORM |e myself you yourself he sap himself @ We had to run the meeting ourselves / yourselves. she sap herself it amp itself @ | taught herself / myself how to play the guitar. we ap ourselves you aap yourselves @ He put himself / herself forward for a big promotion they sap themselves *) @ The company promotes itself / ourselves online. You made sise'#/ yourself sound good in your application. @ Do you ever send meeting reminders to myself / yourself? | 27.3 CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE © Do you and Priya see yourself / yourselves as team players? *) sentence) emphasis @i'm Oi spe Othe @ Not @ ico © Mar Bess @ The27. KEY LANGUAGE USING REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS FOR EMPHASIS. J nce, but can be used to add ARRAS a The company director gave the talk. _ the acon vaso deg The company director gave the talk himself. [The company director gave the talk, rather than getting someone else to do it] king te tere pronoun recy ser ‘hese emphasis toimporanes The company director himself gave the talk. [The company director, who is an important person, gave the talk] ~) ay: a 27.5 FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE MOST APPROPRIATE REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS RDS | The CEO himself _ came in to discuss his views about the merger. © I'm very impressed that they planned this conference ! a ation, @ | spent all evening doing research for this presentation © The area is traditional, but the city is full of modern offices. Jj | self? @ Nobody helped us. We won this contract ! © | couldn't believe it! The Queen presented the award. layers? © Marta writes summaries for her boss. He can't write them — @ It's very important that you fix these problems , Jacob. | @ The company founders__will be making the final decision, ~) t » | - 105, a27.6 KEY LANGUAGE REFLEXIVE COLLOCATIONS = Many collocations contain “Mh TRetabetenter Try to tear yourself away from the (\ \e4 Papers] Pronoun computer as often as possible. *) 27.7 FURTHER EXAMPLES REFLEXIVE COLLOCATIONS The managers don't concern themselves with minor issues. Remember to behave yourselves when you are in public. She still has to familiarize herself with company policy. Are you leaving early today? Enjoy yourself beets “ 27.8 FILLIN THE GAPS USING THE REFLEXIVE PHRASES FROM THE PANEL. 4 uSINESS TODAY STRANGE CIRCUMSTANCES (CO loaves coworkers mystified foiwing surprise resignation concern himself Steven Strange, CEO of AnglofuroCorp, left the company in unusual circumstances ast week. Acting CEO Don Black was called into the CEO's office make yourself O Thest by Strange, who said, "You should fantiliarize yourself’ with this office and at home” Anather employee commented on Stranges tote himself odd behavior: “He usually from our meetings because O tear he didn't with day-to-day matters. Last Friday was ce _I different, Mr. Strange away from hs office and attended enjoy yourselves — the weekly meeting. He even thanked us for our hard work!" As heleft, Strange supposedly announced: “Go home early and ur } 1 Retlex27.9 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, THEN MATCH THE DEFINITIONS TO THE as VERBS Oo have too much work to do "stay behind) o| do things you haven't had time to do 1 knockoff o(_ decide or agree to do something ) be snowed under o(__ deal with a problem or situation } ( take on o | - finish work ) { ‘catch up. ) o( remain somewhere after others have left ) sortout 27.10 REWRITE THE SENTENCES CORRECTING THE ERRORS I think I've taken up too many clients, fm always rushing to meetings! | _Lthink Ive taken on too many clients. Tin always rushing to meetings! © sFyou have caught up with your work, you can knock of ealy today. © We should be proud of our sales results and congratulate ourselfs. © These two women have worked herselves into positions for promotions. | cant leave eariy today. 'm snowed below with work at the moment, a ferive pronoun AaWoriplacelanguage C} ———_spTalkingabout workisues CI 107Ee Meeting and planning Many verbs can be followed by another verb, New language Combining verbs This can be a "to" infinitive (‘want to eat”) or Aa Vocabulary Office tasks a gerund (‘enjoy cooking"). Be New skill Taking pare in meetings 28.1 KEY LANGUAGE VERBS FOLLOWED BY “TO” OR “-ING” (NO CHANGE IN MEANING) ‘Some verbs can be followed by a gerund (an"-ing" form) ‘or a"to infinitive, with lite or no change in meaning, You can often use both forms interchangeably, Emails are really awkward. I prefer { ae } in person. Like { eae in an open-plan office with a team. 28.2 MATCH THE BEGINNINGS OF THE SENTENCES TO THE CORRECT ENDINGS Ohno. It's James! Once hestarts (to run for the bus. @ | He was fired because he continued yeing cold and wet. ] © | Howwould you propose < (writing to people by hand, © [I wasso late that | began > talking, he never stops. @ | Let’ go inside. I really can'tstand ¢ ( to ignore his duties. ) © | thave to say that! prefer ¢ (to raise the money? 108 28.4 Fi (CHANG In general after that} thathappy sohe i [He : 1 “ t“ 0) ‘some verbs change their meaning depending dn the form of the verb that follows ther. He stopped to talk to her in the office before lunch. {He was walking around the office, and he stopped so that he could talk to her] [faa KEY LANGUAGE VERBS FOLLOWED BY "TO" OR “-ING” (CHANGE IN MEANING) feat She stopped talking to him and rushed to a meeting. [She was talking to him, and she stopped in order to do something else.} ~) (CHANGE IN MEANING) ve INFINITIVE She forgot to send the email, so her team never received the update. [She did not send the email] He went on to write the report once the meeting had finished. [He finished a meeting and then wrote the report] Iregret to tell you the unhappy news. Your flight has been delayed. {have to tell you unhappy news, and Jam sorry about this} Did you remember to meet David? Your meeting was scheduled for today. {You were supposed to meet David Did you remember to do that?} ee _, ] 28.4 FURTHER EXAMPLES VERBS FOLLOWED BY “TO” OR “-ING” In general, the infinitive is used to describe an action that comes. after that ofthe main verb. The gerund is often used for an action that happens before, or at the same time as, that of the main verb, VERB + GERUND She forgot sending the email, so she sent it a second time. [She forgot that she had already sent the email] He went on writing the report all evening. Ittook hours. {He was writing the report, and continued to do so] regret telling you the unhappy news. Ican see it has upset you. {Iwish | hadn't told you the unhappy news because you are very upset now.) Did you remember meeting David? Id forgotten that we had already met him. [You had met David before. Did you remember that?] *) 095 CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE i ‘We regret to inform /inforenimg you that the hotel will be closed for refurbishment. @ | hope you remembered to put / putting the advertisement for the grand reopening in the newspaper? @ Unfortunately, when the hotel reopened, they had forgotten advertising / to advertise, so it was empty. © Ii never forget to see / seeing the manager's face when there were no guests at the party © Do you remember to plan / planning the grand opening party with Ceri last year? | © Do you regret to ask/ asking Tim to promote the reopening? After the al failure, the refurbished hotel went on to be / being a huge success. @ Now it's famous and successful, the hotel will probably go on being / to be popular for many years. \ ” a Fo THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE PANEL INTO THE CORRECT FORMS Ihope you __rementbered _to finish your assignment from last week. Oincedto spending so much money on food at work. @ My dad says he could never ‘meeting Elvis, even though it was a long time ago. © IF not busy tonight, 'd absolutely to goto dinner with you. O Myboss talking on the phone to video calls. © Thanks for the offer. If you don't mind, I'd like to to do my work instead. © After the book was published, he towrite an award-winning screenplay. eo _ to inform you that the meeting has been postponed © It looks like it willbe expensive to get catering | making the food ourselves. propose continue remember goon love prefer regret. forget stop *) no 7 Shou hand Yes | O Shou itisn Yes | @ Shou meet Yes | © Shou tohe Yes | Shou day o Yes | © Shou peop Yes | Shou atten Yes [ @ Shou them Yes [ a combpaper? sempty, ars “) me ago. ‘Should you have meetings to hand out information? Yes | | Nol {@ Should you only have a meeting when itis needed? Yes | No {@ Should you ask participants to set meeting objectives? Yes | | No | | © Should you use written objectives tohelp manage the meeting? Yes || No| | @ Should you share the agenda on the day of the meeting? Yes | No © Should you stop meetings to ask people why they are late? Yes No | © Should you start late ifsome attendees are not yet present? Yes || No |) @ Should you talk to latecomers after the meeting has finished? Yes | No| | BUSINESS Wort HOW To RUN EFECTIVE MEETINGS I ioenng lunneceeary meting Ieee ly have meetings when Prepare properly and take Dementor sto jective for meet rmimber por This nerves meeting eet tenes everyone knowe gee Seat ting he nda ees Second fa partipant starts ringing Wy usfl (20 refor back to the objectives 8°? Uelated topics, Make sure ev Ws 18 objectives by /xyone knows the meeting's objective 32 Ie ah agenda atleast afew days betone he meeting ‘Some people preter 10 ass that te agenda g888 8 reeling lnk ene G Pein tang oni ime to show Rican how respect to those atten oy atime: Don’t stop to alk toiatecom nse Deal with them later 28.7 READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS |Qualifying descriptions There are many ways to qualify or add further detail 9? New language Non-gradable adjectives to adjectives. Some types of adjectives can only be Aa Vocabulary Qualifying words js modified in certain ways. He New skill Adding deta tions 29.1 KEY LANGUAGE NON-GRADABLE ADJECTIVES Most adjectives can be modified with grading adverbs, such 7 a slightly" "very! and “extremely” Non-gradable adjectives cannot be modified inthis way, These adjectives tend to fll endate acces i ‘good an into three categories: extreme, absolute, and classifying babi ete dk aed ‘ Her arguments were extremely good. on Her arguments were fantastic! EWS Non-gadabeadecves te * | “tsi cnet bo ncied | iui ee EXTREME ADJECTIVES Extreme adjectives are stronger Her presentation was awful. The sense of extremely aieady incorporated here fantastic’ or “terrifying.” ‘ABSOLUTE ADJECTIVES Absolute adjectives cannot be ‘graded because they describe fixed Gules orstatessichas‘iniawe? Sh@ has a unique presenting style. x oer ~ iis not posible for something tw bemore oles nique CLASSIFYING ADJECTIVES Classifying adjectives are used to say that somethingisofaseecie ~The audience was American. type or class, such as “American” "nuclear" or ‘medical” *) 12Vig tons. od. tyle. 4) jl Fg 29.2 WRITE THE ADJECTIVES FROM THE PANEL IN THE CORRECT CATEGORI 1 unknown —-awfol digital «= dead chemical industrial superb tiny enormous right pn onganicm disgusting wrong, electronic This new products great. It's extremely perfect for kids This new products great. I's perfect for kids @ Have you seen this very amazing designer watch? Have you seen this amazing designer watch? @ This new software is so slow. It’ slightly awful This new software is so slow. Its awful @ Because it runs on solar power it's extremely cheap. Because it runs on solar power, it’s extremely cheaply. @ The instructions for this product are very impossible. ‘The instructions for this product are impossible. © The numbers on the watch ar tiny! The numberson the watch are slighty tiny! @ I need to replace my compute. I's extremely broken I need to replace my computer. It's broken. da Fy MARK THE SENTENCES THAT ARE CORRECT i) 1329.4 KEY LANGUAGE NON-GRADING ADVERBS ‘Some adverbs can be used to qualfynon-gradable’ Her presentation was absolutely awfull adjectives These are called ‘often mean “entirely* or She has a totally unique presenting style. “almost ently They sual be sed with gradabe adjectives, She had a completely American audience. I ae ant “) 29.5 FURTHER EXAMPLES NON-GRADING ADVERBS absolutely nearly ~ | ema ssentay | raat completely ena Ta virtually “ S largely thoroughly almost - almost | Fi wholly ——{ entirely }—— totally etal entirely = «) Reyes CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORD IN EACH SENTENCE |F this new design is really popular, itwill be an absolutely huge (big bonus for the company, @ Ktis incredibly / perfectly important to know a lot about the product you are trying to sel. © Did you see that slightly / completely digital presentation by the marketing team? @ Don't you think that this kind of product is extremely useful / excellent for teenagers? @ To copy and then sell someone else's invention as your own is slightly / utterly wrong, © From the initial product design to marketing isa rather / completely long process. @ The new designer in my department is absolutely / really fantastic, @ I think the food at the conference was bad. I felt extremely sici/ boiling this morning. © Ihave to say that | think it was an absolutely superb / okay presentation, \ 4 29.7 ‘Afew: and not (meaning {both me @ Wha Reall Rell Not)”) Y nainly *) PD) 29.7 KEY LANGUAGE ‘RI ‘afew adverbs can be sed with both gradable sid non-gradable adjectives, They are “eally” {meaning “very much’), and “pretty” and “faity* Gradable (oot maanng-aute a lotbut ot Yry) Ve What you need is a really {ofitane } idea. _ Non-radabe ea it works. You need to be tainly { certain ifficul Inventing a new product is pretty { siicut te impossible EALLY," “FAIRLY,” AND "PRETTY’ *) py» LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ‘Two business partners, James and Maria, have just watched & several presentations from product developers, They are TA scenes ese ‘What did James think of the presentations? © What did they think about the cardboard Liked themalot |” coffee capsules idea? | Hated them [ Liked ita tot Oo | Liked thema little | Hated it C What cid Maria think about how the Liked Fea Title stmartwatch looked? © What did Maria think about how the Liked ita lot coffee machine looked? Hated it Liked ita fot 1 Liked it a little Hated it ] Didnt tke it very much © What did they both think about the " very mu - smartwatch functionality? © What did James think of the ar freshener? Really good Liked ita lot Really bad Hated it Not very good Didn't like it very much _ 1529.9 KEY LANGUAGE “QUITE” You can use “quite” with both gradable and a 7 + . H ees aac Her invention is quite incredible. In US English, it usually [Her invention is absolutely fantastic] means "er In UK 555 es ; . ox gradable adjectives to Her idea was quite good. mean “nt ver? but Eee readin [Her idea was really good] (US adjectives to mean "very" [Her idea was good, but not great. (UK) or"competely” ll «) 29.10 READ THE PRODUCT REVIEWS AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ’ The vacuum cleaner does not on weigh very much, 0 True [7 False GAVAC 6 tates 1 minutes tcharge te vacuum cleaner. be vood as an upright vacuum @ Don says the vacuum works well cornea aay On herpes overnight and the battery last for up to ¥6 minutes. mn © Marta says itis dificult to put eviews: I nightto the parts back together. k This machine Is quite useless. takes al ri ° Bon, LN OO alo fe mines an rn ae True | | False | | tan ral mutes. takes me and fos power nt nally stops after 10 er @ Owen agrees that the Gavac ‘thrae days to vacuum my house cleaner is lightweight, Marta, London: This cleaner (s quite frustrating ee ls True ["] False | | London: cee ion says that it easily changes boca he deen roa he sectarsatensten | @ Overall the reviews are quite Sore to put them back together again! positive about the Gavac. True False | | jghtweight, but onty because itis made ower t's quite li 5, Carli 5 0 ty Dent a from awl, cheap materials that break ot 16 The Envir no other. absolutely fantastic Unlike any capsules a cardboard coffee that $85 for eh 8599/12 I (i Othe Tne Othe @Mo Oc Othe° well it 29.11 READ THE TEXT, THEN FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE PHRASES IN THE PANEL (ci ear i rarer Blingtech3o00 This sleek, fashionable watch face can be combined with amnber of different designer straps from traditional leather though to modem rubber, The software is cutting edge and ensures all he functionality you ‘would hope for from a smartwateh: email alerts, a fitness suite, and, ‘of course, a watch, $259, AitFresh dever ‘This everlasting air freshener will bring all the smells of the count Jato your home forever! Unlike our ‘vals’ products, there are no costly Envirocatt The Envirocaffis a coffee machine like ro other. Not only does it look absoluely amazing, bu it also makes fantastic-tastng cofce every time. Unlike any other machine, the cofee ‘capsules are made entirely from cardboard and can be recycled. Great ‘coffee that doesnt cost the earth, $85 forthe machine $599 / 12 coffee capsules The Envirocaff makes coffee that is remarkably tasty, @ The coffee capsules are @ The Blingtech3000 is an timepiece, © The Blingtech3000%s software is Most air freshener refills are © Coz-E-Slip slippers have a __ thermostat. © The slippers are supposed to be $F Non-gradable adjectives C] Aa Qualifying words C] New gadgets for your home Inventions and imovations to make your home ite easier and ‘more comfortable, Order now for next-day delivryt ———___ rer” reills, There is just a great fragrance tomake your house smell fresh forever. Enjoy Airfresh in three ‘mcredible fragrances: Country, Sea, and Highland fragrances, $24.99 Coz-£-Stip ‘The amazing new self warming slippers. You can choose when to hheat them up by using the timer ‘or you can use the completely selF regulating thermostat option and have cozy, toasty, rey to-go slippers at any time of day. Stay warm this winter with Coz $45.99 / baweries not included wholly recyclable utterly stylish esmackebirtesty- extremely expensive totally automatic incredibly comfortable absolutely state-of-the-art Fe Adding detail to descriptions [] WWExpressing purpose 30a BED) Expressing purp \ There are a number of ways to express the purpose of, 1? New language “In order to,""so that” ae or reason for, an action. You use different expressions to ‘Aa Vocabulary Language of apology fess ford describe the purpose of an object. Be New skill Expressing purpose ] | 30.1 KEY LANGUAGE “IN ORDER TO” You can use "in Sac oder to" to talk Shout the purpose > — ofan action, PURPOSE 30.5 F He called the company in order to complain. L ») He re could 30.2 OTHER WAYS TO SAY "IN ORDER TO” AY Vereso 11 mausoacty Inia pet nore” ' ‘seam oPineare ante ava oc He called the company so As to complain. He called the company to complain. ’ Kuma “BY | 30.3 MATCH THE BEGINNINGS OF THE SENTENCES TO THE CORRECT ENDINGS & He complained to the store i Cin order to get the goods on time. | Thal True @ | She searched for the company online ( so as to keep her business. J ond ee ———— . ee The @ | They gave her a refund ¢ (so as to find its email address. } True © |The goods were packed carefully —9 inorder to geta refund. Othe; ——— True © | They paid for express delivery ¢ soasto be able to relax on my trip, | | lem — e © [ 1booked an expensive hotel ‘ Copriedinen. id us *) \ ) - ns li. i"so that" logy slain, | ” NDINGS ime.) 30.4 KEY LANGUAGE "SO THAT” "Sothatisflowed by subject» verb Ne go that” has a similar . meaningto"inorderto" J. Mey and °s0 as to,” but is less formal =) => He complained so that he would get a refund. So that” is often flowed by nodal ‘verbs uch as ean ould and would? 4 30.5 FURTHER EXAMPLES "SO THAT” of He reported the problem so that it could be fixed in other machines. Ife main ver iin te pas, the ver afer ‘s that" usualy refers tothe pas. fi They check goods for damage so that customers don't receive broken items. the main verbs in te prezet tense the er after" tha usually ‘fete pest orkiture, 3) ‘customer about an order. ‘The customer bought the product ina store. True | False | Notgiven | @ The customer is happy with what she received, True False | Notgiven | | @ The product arrived broken. True | False | | Not given | | © The company tries to pack the product well. True | False |_| Notgiven | f y 30.6 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS Peter works in the customer service department for ahome appliance company, He istalking toa The customer number is MN80. True || False |_| Notgiven @ The replacement will arrive the same day. True | False | | Notgiven | @ The replacement will arrive at 3pm. True False Notgiven | @ Peter offers 25 percent off the next purchase. True False | | Not given 1930.7 REWRITE THE SENTENCES, JOINING THEM WITH THE GIVEN EXPRESSION OF PURPOSE , | always go to Austria on vacation. | like to go sking, [so that] , always 6 td Austria on. vacation.so that T can go skiing, @ Last year we had to complain, We wanted to get a bigger room. [i order to] oeeeres N © | usually go to the same resort. ike staying in the same hotel. (so that] , @ He bought the latest model. He wanted to impress his friends. (to) @ | pack very carefully. | don't want to forget anything. [so as not to} @ | went tothe top of the highest mountain. | wanted to race down, [so that) © | went to a hospital. I needed to get an X-ray of my leg. [in order to] 30.8 KEY LANGUAGE GENERAL PURPOSE ‘Sometimes you may want to talk about why something ‘exists or what itis used for. You can describe a general purpose by using “to” and “for” se ‘rorninmive _) You can use this watch to track your heart rate. Youcan usa to" infiative when the subject ofthe sertenceit a poson The device is perfect for improving your health. Thistrucure commonly answers the ‘question What sit (ed) fr? Itis designed for people who love technology. “) 120 REFLEX ‘venas (och ‘venes (CHANG “noreiC‘ stC‘C‘CCUC mK FILLIN THE GAPS USING "FOR" OR "TO" I j This form is fir __ complaining about product quality and customer service. @ Special “outlet” stores are known selling excess goods at reduced prices. @ This process is for customers who want complain about the products they have received. ' @ People are employed ___ check the quality of the goods before they are sent to stores. @ These notes are here help you complete the form and submit your complaint. @ There's a telephone number unhappy customers who wish to make further complaints. “7 © | think large number of people only complain get refunds. ~~ @ This new product is busy people who want to make their lives simpler. — 22 , @ aP “inorder to "so that? C] AaLanguage of apology [] Be Expressing purpose C1] [ ‘© REVIEW THE ENGLISH YOU HAVE LEARNED IN UNITS 27-30 eft myself a reminder about the me EFENTVEFRONOUNS ‘The company director gave the talk hi prefer to meet in person. Iprefer meetingin person. VERBS FOLLOWED BY "TO" OR"-ING” [NO CHANGEIN MEANING) He stopped to talk to her in the office. She stopped talking to him and rushed off. VERBS FOLLOWED BY "TO" OR"-ING” (CHANGEIN MEANING) GRADABLE AND NON-GRADABLE ADJECTIVES, Her arguments were extremely good, Her arguments were fantastic! NON-GRADING ADVERBS Her presentation was absolutely awfull What you needis a really good idea. Her invention is quite brilliant. "REALLY, “FAIRLY, "PRETTY,"“QUITE” He called the company in order to complain. He complained so that he could get a refund. “INORDERTO,"SOTHAT”‘The protesters wanted to raise ; hese to global warming. © awareness of climate change. me global warming climate change [the increase in the Earth's temperature] [changes in the Earth’s weather patterns) \ bee Carbon dioxide is a - . ; well-known greenhouse gas. a coal oa eis fuels, which some | reenhouse gases : power ffses that cose the greenhouse fossil fuels Bio effect, heating up the arth] Ifels based on ot coal, and gus) fal This process consumes Flying less will help reduce | alot of fuel. A your carbon footprint. Here v ‘consume df reduce your carbon footprint P| wind F [use asupply of something, ‘ [lower the level of carbon dioxide 3 , ee such as fuel or energy] produced by your actions) ~ few | We need new laws if we are Itis essential that we start using more After going to tackle pollution. types of alternative energy. rhino} tackle pollution alternative energy endan| [deal withthe problem of polation) lenergy that doesnot usefss fuel] Intra . It’s ter Wind and solar are fairly Itis more economical ofthd green energy sources. to.use renewable energy. lied ‘green energy sources renewable energy [the acto Iypes of energy that do not {energy from sources that do sobacly damage the environment notin out) orberep - Sa 122These big cars can be very harmful to the environment. trarmful to the environment {easing damage tthe envionment] some people use solar power to heat their water. solar power energy created using sunlight] Here we use turbines to turn wind power into electricity. Z wind power energy created using the wind] y more After years of poaching, the white thino is endangered. i | ‘endangered [at risk of extinction) It's terrible to see the destruction of the rainforests. destruction Ite act of damaging something Polluted rivers have dire consequences for local wildlife. dire consequences Ivery bad results} A lot of the houses here have solar panels on their roofs. solar panel {equipment needed to turn sunlight into electricity] This wind farm has been running for eight years. wind farm [apace ith many tube for seeinewindeowe| Ni Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years. extinct [no longer existing) As the planet heats up, it will undergo irreversible change, irreversible change So badly that it cannot survive [permanent change that or be repaired] cannot be undone} ~) wa — 123 |Conditional tenses You can use the third conditional to describe an unreal 4g Newlanguage The third conditional, past, or events that did not happen. This is useful for Aa Vocabulary Environmental threats talking about regrets you have about the past. Be New skill Talking about an unreal past 32.1 KEY LANGUAGE THE THIRD CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL THIRD CONDITIONAL ‘The second conditional is used to Use the third conditional to describe describe unreal situations in the present. unreal situations inthe past e . lf a » f If | lived in New York, If we had left earlier, | would go running in Central Park. — we would have caught the train. 32.2 HOW TO FORM THE THIRD CONDITIONAL we had left earlier, we would have caught the train. ef" dase isthe ang ferent mod vases the ‘The eononal case Une pstconton “rainy ofthe imagined es ‘tunel ret 32.3 ANOTHER WAY TO SAY THE THIRD CONDITIONAL ‘The pst perfect continsouscan ako follon i the thi onetime If you'd been wearing a coat, you would have stayed warm. We would've caught the train if we'd left on time. ‘Ofen “have convacted Sentencsiathe third conditional can be reordered ‘when spoken, vrthouta comma so the WM" clauses second eri Oltwe oO Olfwe Oshe_ Otryou 32.5 K You cant third con more fr inverting subject and drop i —=f By; :32.4 FILL INTHE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE CORRECT TENSES, ast rain. TO MAKE SENTENCES IN THE THIRD CONDITIONAL ithe __had asked (ask) meto marryhim,| would have said __(would / say) yes. en (choose) the trip, we (would / go) to Spain. Owe (arrive) earlier, we (would/ not miss) the show. oe: (could /help)them ifthey ______(call) me earlier. Giiwe (stop) eating earlier, we (might / not feel) so sick. O she - (would / pass)herexam ifshe (work) abit harder. @rFyou (shut) the door, we (might / not be) so cold. ”) Da = 32.5 KEY LANGUAGE FORMAL INVERSION Youcanmakethe If you had attended the meeting, you would have met the manager. third conditional more formal by inverting the subjectand ‘had ‘Had you attended the meeting, you would have met the manager. and dropping "it ‘Ths iused morein formal and cadens ntan Engh *) 32.6 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MARK THE THINGS THAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED. 1532.7 PRONUNCIATION CONTRACTED FORMS In spoken English, you will often hhear the contracted forms of “would have,’ ‘could have,” and “might have The vowel sound before the final ‘v" isa lazy "uh sound, would've could've might've “) 32.8 SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD USING THE CONTRACTED FORMS ‘They would have taken my car if | had not paid the bill, They would've taken. may car if hadv’t paid the bill. © I mighthave worked harder if! had been paid more. @ If more people had voted for him, he would have won, a © Hf you had left earlier, we would have arrived on time. a @ She might have finished on time if she had started sooner. a *) 126 @ You might slept better if you had brought a sleeping bag! @ iftheyd keep the river clean, the fish not might have died Ry 32.9 REWRITE THE SENTENCES CORRECTING THE ERRORS IfJack had visited sooner, he will have seen us. ¥ Hf Jack had visited sooner, he would have see se @ IF youll have kept the fire alight, we wouldn't have been so cold. mn iS Ifshe'd wore her boots, she wouldn't have had such wet feet. @ The| of ol True @hisir True @ Rhine True Orisa True © Rhine True Othe reade True Ey @ Inthe ‘quar in for classi 1976 extin main deer,=e se oO 32.10 READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ‘There are only a few rhinos left in Java True 7 False (] @ The last Javan rhino in Vietnam died of old age. True [] False (] @ Itis important to protect the rhinos’ habitat. True [] False () Rhinos naturally live in tropical forests True ["] False [J © tis quite cheap to buy rhino horn, true [] False [] © Rhino horn is mostly use True (1) False [) © The leafiet says there is nothing that readers can do. True [1 False (1) cooking. Save the Javan rhino In 2 a Thorn unig am i ‘in Vietnam was killed happen tothe few remaining tings an dave ‘oesnet ‘can we do differently? 7 ee had been better rrotected, peer ee tinned Eston tema eterchme ee eenme n| aura ve might hare cae a Not only does tr natural Javan on ts trpial alaforest hay a Wem doa Boviée 2c forthe thine opine ese" {0 live and find food but it in Thino hom, a also, bd as a place to hide 7 nts an poachers Weal nea oop {he markt in chin eens Prices te 0 high eae Go to our website for moe information, @ In the 1930s more than three- 1976 and now its nearly ‘extinct. The population ofits main food source, the Rusa deer, has also declined.) In the 1930s nearly a quarter now classified as extinct. The population of its main food source, the Rusa deer, has also declined. oO [yen LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MARK THE CORRECT SUMMARY In the 1930s more than half ‘quarters of java was covered ‘of java was covered in forest. of java was covered in forest. in forest. The Javan tiger was The Javan tiger was last seen The Javan tiger was last seen classified as endangered in in the wild in 1976 and is in the wild in 1952 and is now classified as extinct. The population ofits main food source, the Rusa deer, has increased signficanty. C1] a732,12 KEY LANGUAGE “| WISH” PRESENT REGRETS PAST REGRETS You can express regrets about the present in a similar ‘You can also use “I wish to express regrets about the way to the second conditional by using" wish.” ppastin a similar way to the third conditional The snow is amazing! My camera has no power. | wish | knew how to ski. | wish I'd charged the battery. Kat pat \ watt pt parce tapes meaning, has pastmeaning “) 32.13 ANOTHER WAY TO SAY “| WISH” PRESENT REGRETS - PAST REGRETS You can express stronger regrets about the present by ‘You can express stronger regrets about the past by using “if only” and the past tense. using “if only" with “had” and the past participle. These mountains are incredible! I really wanted to take pictures. Ifonly | knew howto ski. If only I'd charged the battery. *) Fg 32.14 CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE There wasn't much wildlife. | wish I had seen / sav more animals! @ I wish we weren't / hadn't been outdoors right now. @ I think about the tripa lot. | wish | took / had taken more photos, @ 1 feel sick. Fonly !had eaten / ate fewer of those berries. © The bus has broken down! Ifonly the driver had known / knew how to fx it. © 1'mso exhausted! If only | sleep /' slepta little more. 128 @hew fisherme @ ret somethi O Fin I — } Othe held hay= past by ticiple *) fe" FILLIN THE GAPS TO MAKE “I WISH” AND "IF ONLY” SENTENCES =) 1 was so hot in the sun today. !wish_I had remembered my had! (remember /hat) ° © {missed the bus again. | wish (set / alarm), 3 ° Co caught a huge fish yesterday. If only (take / photo), ° ° I cant afford those boots. Ifonly (not spend / money), ° ° | was so cold last winter. | wish (buy / coat), ° *) L 32.16 READ THE ARTICLE AND COMPLETE THE SENTENCES: ENVIRONMENT UPoATE WHY ARE YOU A CAMPAIGNER? @Hewishedhed the. ' grandiather | Iwish 'd____g0e sailing with him. ther was.aailor and explore the fishermen fom lng he el, sane e torn ona Once, in the 1930s, he @He thought, ifonlyhed 8 Caribbean monk seal rea he saw Fishermen killing i and always felt bad that he di something to protect the seals. about 20 years, he rend te toto anything. After ‘that the very last Caribbean monk sea nde © 1 hadnthelped know would've RL Twas in Greece, I saw a ui ‘uilty forever. keane Gre leaflet about the endangered hed have very proud. TL \ @P thethird condtonal []_AaEnvironmental heats] eTltingsboutan unreal pat C] 129 aPast regrets You can use "should have” or “ought to have" to talk ‘a? New language ‘Should have" and “ought to have* about past mistakes. They both signal that you wish ‘Aa Vocabulary Time markers you had done something differently in the past. Be New skill Expressing regret about the past You lou 33.1 KEY LANGUAGE “SHOULD HAVE" AND “OUGHT TO HAVE" ‘You use “should have" or ‘ought to have" to express regret about —4 something that did not happen in the past. “Ought to" is less @wer ‘common than “should” and usualy sounds more formal So Bill & PI should have a O vou: This bill is so big. 1 used less electricity. ought to have — ” O shou 33.2 FURTHER EXAMPLES “SHOULD HAVE” AND “OUGHT TO HAVE" . ., 3 Perhaps | ought to have used energy-saving light bulbs. 1 A Poet Sa a = || (sa \_ True | shouldn't have fallen asleep with the TV on. i. | oneal < True © some Fg 33.3 FILL IN THE GAPS USING “SHOULD HAVE" OR "SHOULDN'T HAVE” ! Tull O thes | ( We _ shouldn't have damaged the environment. It's becoming a long-term problem. ) True @ People ‘thrown things in the river. The fish population has declined dramatically. O then @ Factories ‘teduced pollution in accordance with environmental agreements. Tug © Companies used fewer vehicles in order to lower their carbon footprint. @then @ Factories released pollution into the water. thas poisoned the ecosystem. Tq Ke - —— 130f* REWRITE THE SENTENCES CORRECTING THE ERRORS aveohe ‘You really should have not watched a horror film on your own, he past You really shouldn't have watched a horror film on. your awn. — {@ | ought have gone to bed earier ast night. feeling really exhausted now. ~)) 33.5 READ THE ARTICLE aa AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS MONGOOSE M. {Humans intentionally introduce non-native species. Mongooses wreak havoc on Mauritius. l True (77 False () | ne surpris @ New species are introduced to help other animals. environmental * tue false Eman J introduction of | © Sometimes no animals hunt the introduced species. non-native species of animals to salve Oe True) False 1) local problems. 1 : ; ‘The new species is supposed to eat the animal that, 7 © The Small indian Mongoose is not native to Mauritius. is cay ing a problem for humans. The difficulties Te 7) false C1 aris when there are no predator for this ney Intoduced species or when i decides fed on amatically © The mongooses killed the rats on Mauritius the Sal Indien Menaeees cara Forename _ True £) False [1] Maurits and shoutd have deat with an ever, 'r0Wing rat population. The mongoose ile the int © The mongooses also killed all the local animals. Tinh ateetty also Killed many local animals : hich then became extinct onthe lan. sem rue [] False C] «) a dam - 7 Oe BI33.6 VOCABULARY TIME MARKERS = m dra dre Initially, the factor During the 1980s, people ‘Throughout the 1990s, the were quite small. invested money in the factories. factories grew in size. [At firs, the factories [Atsome pointin the 1980s, [From the beginning to the end of ‘were quite small] people invested in the factories) the 1990s, the factories grew in size] 33.7 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND NUMBER THE PICTURES IN THE ORDER: THEY ARE DESCRIBED oo @ oo eo 33.8 LISTEN AGAIN AND FILL THE GAPS USING THE WORDS FROM 33.6 Initially , Easter Island was expansively forested. ® the rise of a new civilization, the islanders built statues to honor their ancestors. e this time, the islanders were cutting down lots of trees. ® his visit, the first European explorer noticed that there weren't many trees. @ The ship HMS Blossom visited in 1825, and ___, the statues had been toppled over. @ An airport was builtin 1987 and _ lots of tourists have visited Easter island 132the end of in size} pollution peaked in 2004. sy that time many trees had died. {atthe start of 2004, many Following mew laws in 2005, pollution levels dropped. (After new laws were passed in 2005, pollution levels dropped] since then, there have been some signs ofa recovery. [From that point onward, there has been a slight recovery] *) - | cestors. iL trees had already died 33.9 READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS than they used to, True (] False (7 Notgiven [1] | | Humans are producing less waste now | @ kadioactive waste isthe most widespread problem. True (] False (] Notgiven [] @ All the waste is poured into rivers. True (] False [] Notgiven [] © The kind of waste humans produce has changed over time. True (J False [] Not given () © Modern plastics can be difficult to dispose of effectively. True ["] False [] Notgiven [] THE ENVIRONMENT THE PROBLEM WITH POLLUTION Pollution levels rising across the globe. he growing human population is producing more and more waste, ranging from sewage ant ‘modern plastics make up a large portion of what we throw away. These plastics are almost indestructible by smog to radioactive fuel. any natural process, so th Dealing withall this waste justpile up, creating hoge isa huge problem. Much of t heaps of wast, isjust dumped, pumped into the atmosphere, or even poured into rivers and ‘oceans. The resulting pollution is damaging nature ‘One ofthe main issues is the kind of waste humans are now producing, Until the ‘mid-20th century, most of the waste was buried and it just slowly decayed. Nowadays, however, v 133,WEY) Actions and consequences Unlike many parts of speech, prepositions often have #9? New language Dependent prepositions little meaning in themselves, but work to change the Aaa Vocabulary Actions and consequences meaning of the words around them, Bie New skill Changing sentence stess 34.1 KEY LANGUAGE DEPENDENT PREPOSITIONS Some words need to go with specific “dependent” prepositions. lam late for my meeting! = We agreed about the idea. ¥ uate’ coud note ped ith ny ‘other preposton tis conta He's really afraid of flying. There was an increase in sales. —_— ~) | Aa| 34.2 FILLIN THE GAPS USING THE DEPENDENT PREPOSITION PHRASES IN THE PANEL Recently, there hasbeena | lack of _ energyin the team. deciine in @ Please make sure you ~__helpif you need it talk about © Who is giving the lecture? | have never { ) him, arguing about @Mybrotherand|arealways ( ) current affairs. grateful for @ the global | | natural resources is worrying cachet © Thankyou so much! lam so [ ) all you have done bia © When youre stressed, itisgoodto( | problems. tent Othe —_) the economic eri is enormous, pointsin @ Most of the population ) climate change. askfor @Allofthe scientific evidence | | one direction, __sfectof *) 34.4 K Some wo with mor preposi change i often cha meaning i — BY; ; Te Orns @ They Odo © ot @voun @ doy Ali)tions nces sales. KJ 34.3 FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT PREPOSITIONS Have youever heard _f_ Esperanto? @Howdolask __ directions in Greek? @ Why do they always argue _ everything? @ I dontt think well ever agree this, @ There wasa decline __the numberof birds. @ 1 realy don't wantto be late _work @ Theresalot to be grateful _ © My mother is very afraid _heights. @ This demonstates a real lack __ talent. © What is the long-term effect__this? “) Ra - — eee ooo) 34.4 KEY LANGUAGE WORDS WITH MORE THAN ONE DEPENDENT PREPOSITION some words can pair with more than one He talked to the teacher. ae (He had a conversation wit the teacher] often changes the aig of the phrase He talked about the teacher. [He had a conversation with someone ‘else about the teacher] PY 5 J 34,5 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT PREPOSITIONS [Technology isa great way to increase interest in /anterestwiththe environment. @ I'm so bored with / bored about their constant fighting about policies, @ They've made anew app for /of children to learn about the Earth, © do you have any abjection to / objection for this environmental policy? Joften worry to / worry about the future of our planet. © You need to apologize to / apologize for them to / for the things you said. © Do you think a policy like this is suitable with / suitable for a country ike ours?34.6 PRONUNCIATION SENTENCE STRESS You can change the meaning ofa sentence by ‘emphasizing different words as you say it. The journalist called the mayor today. [Her assistant didn’t make the call] The journalist called the mayor today. {She didn't emai) The journalist called the mayor today. [she didn't call the mayor’ secretary] The journalist called the mayor today. [She didn't call yesterday] *) cD 34.7 UNDERLINE THE WORDS YOU NEED TO STRESS AND SAY EACH SENTENCE OUT LOUD ‘The minister changed the policy content this afternoon. [Not just the policy title] a o What do you think of the new statistics in this report? [I know what everyone else thinks] a ea. ‘These carbon emissions are extremely harmful to the environment. {know you think they aren't ae e| It’s is very important that we think of our children’s futures. [Notjust their present state} ae ° We need to find solutions sooner rather than later. [Itis not optional] a \ *” J 136oday. oday. 34.8 READ THE TEXT THEN FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS. IN THE PANEL Boe ews WEEKLY GROWTH AND DECAY .ots of urbanization in a rapidly changing world ‘The complex effe banzaton he population sti taut reso and rej hun bcn happenin or Siac Hwee mond rt poplin sit hs exe cae ingle ore aan ee so naa, ars, Mba, Seoul see ng ele have populations pe an 2 nition people What are the environmental consequences of urbanization on such a massive scale? One major effect of urbanization is the creation of “urban heat islands.” Rural areas can remain cooler the sun evaporating the moisture from the vegetation and the soil. However, in the cities there is much less soil and vegetation. __, the sun beating on the buildings and roads {to an increase in temperatures. Additional heat from vehicles, factories, and cooling units also increases temperatures. This heat then changes in focal ‘weather patterns. Not only is there increased air pollution, but also higher levels of rainfall, flooding within the cities themselves and also downstream. Another of Urbanization is the increased consumption of food, energy, and durable goods. This has a far-reaching on levels of natural resources. Causes impact onsequenees. dueto Consequently consequence leads resulting | AP Dependent prepositions C] ‘Aa Actions and consequences ["] Bie Changing sentence stress [1 87si) Few or little? ‘The words used to describe quantities vary according tog? New language "Few! ‘a number of factors, including whether you are talking Aa Vocabulary Nature and environment about something countable or uncountable. Be New skill Describing quantities 35.1 KEY LANGUAGE “FEW” FOR SMALL NUMBERS Use “few” with a plural countable noun to say that there are not many of something, Itemphasizes how small the number is. You use “a few" to ‘mean "some It emphasizes that the number, though small, is enough. (—tasrotmny —) There are few rare birds here. There are a few rare birds here. We probably won't see any. We might see one. Bi vt” . 35.2 KEY LANGUAGE “LITTLE” FOR SMALL AMOUNTS Use "little" with an uncountable noun to say that there is not much of something. It emphasizes how small the amount is. You use “alittle” to mean “some.” It emphasizes that the amount, though small, is enough, @ e _ \ Ihave little money left. | can’t Ihave a little money left. Should afford to visit the wildlife park. we visit the wildlife park? ” 35.3 OTHER WAYS TO USE “LITTLE” AND “FEW” FOR SMALL QUANTITIES Informal youcan ua (ile) “tle anf’ can ao be ed at Deo ntend oa” pronouns omen not much / mary” There's a little bit of the park Little can be done when few that we haven't seen yet. are willing to contribute. 138eT ere. ~) uld r* CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE, Am. ‘im so excited. 've got fer / afew hours to explore the city tonight. © aK |'m afraid we have little / a little time to catch the train. We must hurry, © svi Thatcakeis delicious. have lite / alittle bit more. ° & Sadly, there are few /a few examples of this quality craftmanship left. © Se Great! We have little / little spare money. Should we go out for dinner? e eK Wow! Look at all these monkeys! I think there are few / a few different species here. e ei Unfortunately, | have few / a few friends. It's quite lonely here. ”)) FJ 35.5 LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND FILL IN THE GAPS USING (A) FEW" OR "(A) LITTLE” rr = a | There's little _waterleft @ Great! there are____@ Sadly there are in the bottle. I'm so thirsty! magazines to choose from. fish in my aquarium. @ There isvery @ It should be OK. We have @ The café is closing soon. There cake left, Im afraid, time let. are so__ customers, o a a - a 13935.6 KEY LANGUAGE “QUITE A FEW" AND “QUITE A BIT (OF)" FOR BIG QUANTITIES ‘The phrases “quite a bit of” and “quite a few" are tunderstatements that actually mean "alot" or “many” (quite afew=many __) The park has been open for quite a few years. lotof_} They collected quite a bit of money for charity. *) (quite a bit of 35.7 FILL IN THE GAPS USING “(A) FEW" AND “(A) LITTLE” | Ninety-year-old Ken Wilson has finally decided to have _ little time off after volunteering at his local wildlife park for 30 years. Ken started volunteering ___years after he retired from i teaching He says, "I started making coffee for people inthe little Visitor center, but Ive had quite diferent roles since then" Ken has been a guide, he's surveyed butterflies, and he even managed to get his hands dirty quite times clearing up litter. What does he like so much about the park? “Well, there are green places left like this in big cities. For orno money, a family can explore all day and learn about local wildife. Its____ bit of calm in a busy world” What will he do now? "I'd like quite park doing nothing” After three decades looking after the wildlife, it's time for Ken to take —____ break. 40 ‘nouns a plural ec ThereTIES 35.8 KEY LANGUAGE “FEWER” AND “LESS” ‘Confusion between “sss ia plural sjess" and “fewer” is very countable noun, common, Remember to ko use‘les’ with uncountable. + There are fewer issues with ins and "fewer" with . url countable nouns electric cars these days. It would be great to use less fuel. “Fuel isan uncountable noun, *) [35.9 FURTHER EXAMPLES “FEWER” AND “LESS" a 664 aml There are fewer whales in the oceans nowadays. We need to spend Jess money. “Money uncountable at P cuencies ke ola are countable. z ai ae. eaGiym 0 Gili « wffilibye Fewer people enjoy gardening these days. There is much less traffic today, ~) 35.10 MATCH THE BEGINNINGS OF THE SENTENCES TO THE CORRECT ENDINGS People are spending much less volunteers than last year. } © [Protesters have demanded fewer | Covilalife near big factory sites. } © [ The charity has fewer > \ money on organic food than expected. © | The new light bulbsusefarless < electricity than the old ones. } o| Unsurprisingly, there is much less « pollution in the capital city. ) © | Since the new traffic laws, there isa lot less. ‘C harmful emissions by 2025. ~)) mi35.11 KEY LANGUAGE "FEWER THAN" AND "LESS THAN” Use'less than" when talking about amounts, distances, time, and money. Use “fewer than for groups of people or things There are fewer than Baby elephants weigh 3,500 tigers in the wild. less than 300 pounds. ”) 35.12 FURTHER EXAMPLES "FEWER THAN” AND “LESS THAN” The charity survives with Charity workers are paid fewer than 20 volunteers, less than $10 an hour. There are fewer than 50 tickets You can donate less than the left for the charity concert. recommended amount. «) 35.13 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ‘local radio news station is reporting about an environmental campaigner’s recent success. Environmental campaigner Rachel Roberts is 70 years old, True () False (1 @ The proposal was to build houses on the site of the lake. True (_] False (] © Rachel’ family used to have family picnics near Lake Luci. True ("] False ["] © There were only modern pictures at the photography exhibition. True [7] False [] © Aiter 25 days, the exhibition had raised just under $3,000. True (] False (1) © People have come to visit the lake from other countries. True [ False () @ The plans for the bypass are delayed, but are still going ahead, True (] False [1] 2 t*) Fo FILL IN THE GAPS IN THE SUMMARY OF 35.13, USING THE PHRASES IN THE PANEL @ Rachel knew that @ The area is home to @ Rachel aso had the help of @ The photography exhibition raised $25,000 in _ _friends during her campaign. people held the same opinion as her. 500 plant and animal species. aweek. __Fev/ people would have believed the government would change their minds. o_ _ people sent messages of support via social media sites. @ Making Lake Lucid a popular tourist site will only take years, (Few afew _morethan __quiteafew __lessthan—Quiteafew afew | ”» Pe ite” ewe ronment [] Hie Describing quantities ‘THETHIRD CONDITIONAL }@ REVIEW THE ENGLISH YOU HAVE LEARNED IN UNITS 32-35, If we had left earl We would have caught the train. “IWISH" AND “IF ONLY" “SHOULD HAVE" AND “OUGHT TO HAVE" DEPENDENT PREPOSITIONS There are few rare birds here. | wish | knew how to ski. IF only Vd charged the battery. This bill is so big, | should have used less elect Jam late for my meeting! have little money left. There are fewer issues with electric cars. It would be great to use less fuel. 143| BEB Vocabulary 36.1 TRADITION, LUCK told a white lie and said the dress looked good on her. tell a white lie {say something that is not tue to avoid upsetting someone] Varinder started a rumor that Sonia stole some money. start / spread arumor [to start continue saying things that may or may not be true] Thave a sneaking suspicion that he won't come to the party tonight. ND SUPERSTITION dropa hint She always drops hints about ; the presents she wants. f Ibay something indirect) a“ Paulo lovesto gosin.Hesalways | (4) talking behind people's backs. gossip [talk about other people, often ina negative way) Idon't believe in ghosts. 4 144 The be is wore word of linformat by peopl That st hotel is urban m famodern but belie have a sneaking suspicion believe in something je Ihave a prsstentdea about [ink that something ents Kt astroke Pettit ile otdence iste) J] faved haven't ever broken a bone. Knock on wood! Close your eyes and e y 7 lock on socal tue) make a wish, i This iss touch wood (UK) makea wish pure lud [wish for good luc, or aver bad luc] hope for something o happen] {e004 ot Ihave serious misgivings She was such a tattletale at school, ans about this new policy. tattletale (US) / telltale (UK) beliefs4 have serious misgivings / doubts [somebody who tell;.an authority thave a tong feeling that Something, fgure when another person has set of bel isnot gh s done something wrong] legroupor —-—— lid‘The best type of publicity is word of mouth, word of mouth [information or news transmitted bypeople telling other people] ‘That story about the haunted hotel is just an urban myth. urban myth [a modem story which is untrue but believed by many) Winning that car was areal stroke of luck. astroke of luck [a single piece of good fortune} This isa game of pure luck. ure luck [good fortune with no skill involved] That generation has a a4 re @%% 8 Iwant you to tell me the truth, not another fairy tale. fairy tale [atraitional story with magie, or ‘story designed to mislead others} Ablack cat is seen as both agood and bad omen. good / bad omen [a postive / negative sign about something that will happen} Winning that game was Just beginner's luck. beginner's luck {have good fortune the fist time you do something] I've just read a book about Chinese folklore. folklore {sores sayings, and traditions froma certain area or culture g She has an unshakable ool different set oF e belief in the goodness beliefs to ours. of people. ) | set of beliefs unshakeable belief tt fagroup of values) t [atm and unchangeable conviction] ee ”) a = asPast possibility ‘You can use a variety of language to talk about possible gj New language "Might / may / could’ in the past events in the past, and to indicate whether you agree or Aa Vocabulary Urban myths disagree with speculation. Be New skill Talking about past possibility 37.1 KEY LANGUAGE PAST POSSIBILITY You can use this construction to talk about something that you think a paivtoppeedn pe a might The copier isn’t working. It | may } have run out of paper. could [He thinks its possible that the copier has run out of paper] You can use this construction to talk about something that possibly did not happen in the past. might not iti You { may not have plugged it in properly. [He thinks itis possible that the printer wasn't plugged in properly) “could not can ony be used when the speaker is certain that something did not happen. You couldn't have changed the ink properly earlier. [He is certain that the ink wasn’t changed properly) «) ° ee el e arene ° —he past ar, CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE | eel abit sick. | might /snay-not/ could-rot have eaten something bad. twas raining, so | could / might not / could not have gone sunbathing even if| had wanted to. Look at him! Do you think he might / may not / could not have won the lottery? If had left the house a little earlier, ! may / might not / could not have missed the bus. ° | don't know where she is. She could / may not / could not have gone for a run, She loves exercise. “) LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND WRITE ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS. IN FULL SENTENCES Sophie is telling her fiend about an urban myth that shes heard, What is an urban myth? | An urban myth is a nader, story that isn't true, but lets of peaple think it is, © How did Sophie's opinion change about about her brother's story? © Why were the golfers celebrating? © What did they do after they knocked over the kangaroo? © What did the kangaroo do when itwoke up? ing home? “737.4 KEY LANGUAGE REPORTED SPEECH Inreported speech, the main verb often changes tense to a past form. You may also need to change atime or place reference, | I don't believe these ghost stories. i ~e In reported open questions, the subject comes before the verb and you don't use a question form. What are you reading? ¥ asked her what she was reading. ‘The present simple ‘don't” scones past ome Wid He said that he ditin't believe | those ghost stories. _ or a 2 oem p ® eu In reported closed questions (with a yes / no answer), you use "if" or ‘whether Are you enjoying it? ¥ if ving ‘asked her {unetne} she was enjoying, . “ ‘Amal has bought a book about ghosts. ‘Amal said © Amal’ reading a scary story ‘Amal mentioned © Amal’ finished the book. Amaltold me © Ave you going to the movies? Lasked her © What kind of movie are you going to see? | asked her - _ © Did you enjoy it? Lasked her that she had baught a book about ghests ey REWRITE THE SENTENCES USING REPORTED SPEECH 148 *) ca Tr Os Othe TW Othe ™ Oh Tr Oth Oth ony \ Pont? ying it. ~) 37.6 READ THE EMAIL AND. “ANSWER THE QUESTIONS Carl went to New Zealand before Australia, True | False | Notgiven (7 Lastweek Sophie visited their father. True | False | | Notgiven | @ Their father had received an email from the bank. True |) False [] Notgiven | @ The email looked genuine. True | False || Notgiven @ The police have found the email scammers. True | False | Notgiven {© Their father cannot get the money back. True | False | Notgiven |) Mil just have to [ | atfirst sight Be | To: Carl Underwood Subject: Update rom home ro | ‘Your Austaian vacation photos look great. just writing ‘to eep you upto date with events while you're away. {ve been looking after Dad and | went ose him lst eek mata e looked gut sorry sight, He sid that | ietmseinestnrtmna ee them and then someone stole money oto his account! Ais sigh, the email really looked lke one from his bank, butittumed out to be fake. | ‘Wel, | saw red and cll the police and the bank | ‘immediately, and tuckly tho agreed to refund hs money. Wve tla him to cal me i another email ike that arrives! Other than that, everything is fine here. 1 Keep having fun! | , Sophie Aw 37.7 FILLIN THE GAPS USING THE IDIOMS IN THE PANEL | Te detectives said they were ( looking indo ) the case, @ Iwas so angry that | just | - | and shouted, @ The poor dog had been left in the cold and was a very © The watch looked genuine |_ __}, but it wasn't. | about my English test results. sawred looking sorry sight waitandsee | oe «“) inthe past C]Aaursanmyths C] pp Talking about past possibi 9Speculation and deduction You can use modal verbs to describe past events with 1 New language More uses for modal verbs. varying degrees of certainty. These constructions are ‘Aa Vocabulary Phyasal verbs with “out” useful for speculating about events you haven't witnessed. le New skill Speculating and making deductions 38.1 KEY LANGUAGE MODAL VERBS FOR SPECULATION AND DEDUCTION pastand youre sure He just disappeared. Aliens must have abducted him. ‘omething happened, Nesters se ust have" ath the past participle. whether something, happened or not, replace ‘must’ with “may! ‘might? Ne spstrtune or could” ‘When you're not sure might They could happen, use cant” couldn't orcoult yeeNeeddnot Hold on! it { can't Jae been aliens, they don't exist. ( NA ean oot psi When youte speculating about the =_. Hi | have taken him to another planet. <@> “) Fy 38.2 MATCH THE PAIRS OF SENTENCES TOGETHER | Hedrove his car into the water) He must have hurt his legs. @ | He's walking with crutches, Itcould have been the delivery man. @ | Those teenagers look very tired todz 150 They may have had a party lastnight. © (_ The plants are all dry and dead. He couldn't have seen the “flood! sign, © [Someone's left the gate open again (She might have passed her exam. © | Thegirl next door looks really happy. Itcan't have rained all week.Be mo REWRITE THE SENTENCES, CORRECTING THE ERRORS verbs ‘She broke her arm falling off a horse. It might have hurt. She brake her arm falling off a horse. It must have hurt. = eductions @The groun dry so it can’t rained last night. @ She ate two more slices of cake, so it could have tasted nice. @ A police car just drove past. There might have was a robbery. @ He doesn’thave any money. He can’tnot have bought that car himself, > © They were in the same store as us. They have might buy the same coat. *) ee ——— SI 38.4 CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE «) He had a brand new waterproof coat on. He must/ might / cant have stayed dry. — © CEE} | missed a call. tt must / may / couldn't have been Diego, he said he might cal ) e { haven't checked my emails yet, so she must / might / can’t have replied already, Im not sure. man. | = e ‘After the run, he drank a whole bottle of water. He must / might / can’t have been really thirsty. night.) 4 o at 4 ‘She loved both dresses, but she must / might / can't have bought both, as they were too expensive. © > She hadn't slept for two days. She must / might / can't have been exhausted. “) 151tr 38.5 DESCRIBE WHAT EACH PERSON MUST HAVE DONE, SPEAKING OUT LOUD He must have scored a geal. passed her driving test eaten too much candy scorederppal won the lottery slept through his alarm failed their exams “ E y 38.6 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MARK THE CORRECT SUMMARY. 59) ot staking sti eked Se. Mihen Gress sang hen @ The ship sent out a call saying @ The ship sent outa call saying @ The ship sent out a call saying that most of the crew had that a few of the crew were that most ofthe crew were passed out. The Silver Star dead. The Siver Star went to dead. The Silver Star's crew went to check out the ship and check out the ship and the went to check out the ship and found that everyone onboard sailors freaked out when they —_found that everyone on board, was dead except the dog, saw the dead crew. However, including the dog, had died which had passed out.) the dog wasstill alive. (] with their eyes still open. (_] 152 Coe Osh Oke Ola—S——E_— CC saying vere row ship and n board, died Fo FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE PHRASAL VERBS IN THE PANEL | was so scared on the roller coaster ride that Ineanly passed out @ Every month my company a newsletter to all its customers, © Every tithe my sister sees a spider, she and starts screaming. © Should we go to the movie theater and what's showing? @ He sn'tlike anyone else. He really _ _____ from the crowd, Olcan't what this guy's written. His handwriting is awful. passedout sends out stands out check out workout freaksout a So oo 38.8 READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS Ea (Lateral thinking puzzles give you a lot of information Lateral Thinking Puzzles True [| False 71 Witsistaitngraah ye ‘th lateral dnking puzzle, you are © Pete lives on the 10th floor of the apartment buildin. fale ed tere information, Your tsk is to cscover the Peek sia notaries A young boy, Pet, lives on the 12 Noor © Pete always gets out of the elevator at the right floor for hisapartment. ° 4" apartment building Every morning apart be takes the elevator down tothe lobby. ta |v awe Cl fae C1 Abe evening, he gets int the elevator gad if there's someone else there, he goes up to © Pete doesn't ike walking, but he sometimes climbs two flights of stairs. us floor direct. Otherwise, he gocs a the 10th flor and walks up two fights of True || False | | stairs to his apartment. He does this even though he hates walking, Why © The article tells you the solution to the puzzle about Pete. The solution to this puzzle is that the young boy istoo short to reach the butt True || False | | forthosefloorsnumberedabove 10.Mixed conditionals You can use different types of conditional statements to gj” New language Mixed conditionals. talk about hypothetical situations. Mixed conditionals. Aa Vocabulary Personaliy vats use more than one of these types inthe same statement. fe New skill Talcing about hypothetical situations Ne KEY LANGUAGE MIXED CONDITIONALS ‘SECOND CONDITIONAL THIRD CONDITION) Use the second conditional to talk about Use the third conditional to talk about hypothetical situations in the present, | hypothetical situations inthe past, om ome tt IfI didn’t believe in astrology, If |had known he was an Aquarius, | wouldn't read my horoscope. | would not have gone out with him. "WOULD" + INFINITIVE "WOULD" + "HAVE" + PAST PARTICIPLE 2 Mixed conditionals combine second and third conditionals If you had been borna month earlier, ‘you would be a Virgo like me. l 0) A 154 39.2 FURTHER EXAMPLES MIXED CONDITIONALS ¢t ‘You would be starting a new school tomorrow f you hadn't failed your exams. N Mixed condtional are often sed exes rg If had finished my assignment sooner, | could be out with my friends today. ~ You an use mized conditions 10 reer to future situations, “) If @ | Yo old o8 0 | He @ (ty o(M | iM | the 5 O if clare O She mi O lfhe _ @ ifJuan G Hewot @ ifshe_ ® They wiSe 7 ee } 39.3 MATCH THE BEGINNINGS OF THE SENTENCES TO THE CORRECT ENDINGS. Ifyou had kept on going to the gym, —— Cifyou hadn't worked so hard at school.) situations @ [ You wouldn't be such a success today ( C ifshe hadn't had famous parents. — © | fmy alarm had gone off, C youwouldn't have such great tickets. © | She might not be sucha celebrity ——? «you would be fitter by now. @ | He would be playing today 4 | wouldn't be in trouble for being late. © | Ifyou had spent less money, < (A wouldn't be managing the business today.| ‘ a © we might not be so hungry now. @ | Hfwe had eaten breakfast, < ( if he hadn't broken his leg yesterday. ius, him. a i *) K : j 39.4 FILLIN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE CORRECT TENSE ithe __had not fuced __{(not fix) my car, | would still be walking to work every day. @irctara__(not stay) up so late, she might not be so tired now. © She might not be a famous actress today ifshe ________(not go) to that first audition. @irhe___ (keep) playing the guitar, he would be in a famous band by now. Oifjuan sten) to all his cities, he would not be a world-famous chef today. © He would not be playing for apremierteamifhe __________(not train) every day. today. @ifshe _______{say) "yes" to your proposal, you could be married by now. oar @ They would not be so confidentifthey__________(see) their team training yesterday. “) { ”) | 155 i ]39.5 LISTEN TO THE HOROSCOPE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS You have had good ideas, but you haven't used them sensibly, True IZ False (7) © You need to get others to invest in your business True | False |) You should be braverin promoting your ideas at work. True Fase aes, © You should have said sorry for something yesterday. True False © You will definitely have an exciting weekend, especially Sunday, Caley True || False“) @ Ifit’s your birthday, today is a good day to care for your fiends, True |_| False [| BS» USE THE ADJECTIVES FROM THE PANEL TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES He reads lots of books and loves going to museums. He's very _indellectueal @rouneed staff who turn up on time and do their work. @tesso ____Hejustjumped into the fire to save the kitten, © My husband isreally He even cries during romantic films. @ Ihe hadn't been so violentand —______, he would net be in jail today. © ifshe hadn't been so she might not be such a successful singer. Oaneisvery — She can fx the car and put up shelves. intellectoal sensitive determined courageous reliable quick-tempered practical) ( “) Me = a 7 Siq s. day. | singer. 39.7 READ THE ARTICLE AND CORRECT THE STATEMENTS. ie ul a¢ TUN SAO IRE SW AU RUS Qi trowel amrnca}iyarceatfccre nnn fist tings readin the mornings. tthe horoscope says | shuld do something | won't, For ‘rape, it says "Don't travel then there's ne chance of me geting on apane that day. | know | trata, vernal thet anything wil happen bit do want otk tho rok mayen Seorpn becae a ute passionate abou tings, but im also ait obsess | ques thats why Ihave to checkin stars even dey? Richard Davis (22), Sagittarius (Nov 24~Dec 22) "1m Sagittarius, | think, bt I never think about horoscopes. think that it's all nonsense. ! mean, ‘when you read the things that they say wil happen to you on a certain day, theresa fair chance that they willhappen to most people on most days. Things like “You'll get some news" or *You'l take toa stranger" | also think that, you belive in these things, then its inevitable that the predictions wil suit what happens ‘because you wll make them fi. imean, ifyou wear ted because your stars tll yauto, and everything is OK, then you can say that the horoscope was right. Apparently, Im supposed tobe intellectual and supeticil.'m not sure how l can be both! Diana Carter (24), Scorpio (Oct 24—-Nov 22) i ''ma Scorpio and check my stars every day ve got an app on my smartphone and its one ofthe Diane reads her stars in the newspaper first thing every day. Diane reads her stars ona phone app first thing every day. @ Diane would not change her plans because of her horoscope's advice, © Diane thinks she's a typical Scorpio because she's not very passionate about things. © Richard thinks tat things horoscope says wll happen are unlikely @ He says it's surprising how many times horoscopes make correct predictions. 187WD Adding“ -ever” to question words oF Adding “-ever" to question words changes their meaning. _g Newlanguage Words wih "-ever* These new words modify the question words to mean “no Aa Vocabulary Chance and weather phrases matter" or “it doesn't matter.” ie New skill joining a clause to a sentence 40.1 KEY LANGUAGE QUESTION WORDS WITH "-EVER” You can use *-ever" words as subjects, objects, or adverbs in their own clauses. They can also be used to join a clause to the rest of a sentence, ~ I'm still going to the game, whatever the weather's like. {it doesn’t matter what the weather is ike, (m still going) ee, “whichever san abject. We can take a taxi or walk, whichever you prefer. [It doesn’t matter to me wihich you choose, taxi or walking] Here, “whoeverisa bet Whoever invented the umbrella was a very clever person indeed. [i don't know who invented the umbrella, but they were very clever] ne 41." Tealways seems to rain whenever | go aw. Neb fays gO away. [Any time | go away, it rains | always check the forecast for wherever Im going to be. [I check the forecast for the place | am going to be, no matter where itis] Here, "howeverisan adverb ij Ifthere’s a chance of rain, however small, I'll take an umbrella. [Vil take an umbrella, no matter how small the risk of rain] 158 @ By x @ She m @llove Omym © The cc O The @ theca