Name: Angelica G.

Lucero Course: EDUC 101

Program: BSED – Math Date: January 5, 2020

Give your insights to the following topics. At least 75 words - insight per topic.
1. Physical Development of Infants and Toddlers
Some of the infants and toddlers, are mostly developed and functional
when they are born. However, infants require responsive care from adults,
proper nutrition, and appropriately stimulating environments to support the
best possible physical development. Infants develop physically starting with
their heads and neck, from top to down. An infant has a very difficult time
holding up their head because the neck muscles are not strong enough to
provide support. As infants and toddlers grow, their determination to master
movement, balance, and fine- and gross-motor skills are strong. Rolling and
crawling occur as infants develop skills in using large-muscle groups.
Grasping and picking up objects with fingers are signs of small-muscle skill
growth.
Delays in physical development may affect more than gross- and fine-
motor skills. For example, if an infant is unable to smile at her or his parents
or lift her or his arms to be picked up, this could affect social and emotional
development in terms of relationship building.

2. Cognitive Development of Infants and Toddlers

Infants' and toddlers' thinking skills grow as they interact with the
world and the people around them. Nurturing experiences help infants and
toddlers make sense of the world. Individual differences exist when it comes
to the specific age at which infants and toddlers meet the milestones and that
each infant and toddler is unique. Many factors influence cognitive
development including genes, prenatal events (i.e., before or during birth), and
aspects of the child's environment.

3. Socio-emotional Development of Infants and Toddlers

Through early relationships, nurturing and responsive interactions,
infants and toddlers learn different ways of interacting in his/her social world,
they also tend to know how to get their needs and wants, and how to identify
and regulate their emotions. Every child is born with unique ways of
approaching the world, this is called temperament.
Infants are born with a unique temperament. There is no right or
wrong, good or bad temperament. By understanding temperament, everyone
can continue to use what they knew about infants and toddlers, to encourage
their strengths and support their needs. No matter how well you understand
temperament and are receptive and responsive, there will be times that an
infant or toddler in your care may not seem to be developing socially and
emotionally. Some infants and toddlers may experience social or emotional
 difficulties. These difficulties may be related to inborn or environmental
influences.

4. Preschoolers’ Physical Development

The preschool years is the time of what seems like constant movement.
Preschoolers are busy moving in their environments, both indoors and
outdoors. Their motor skills are significantly refined from the time they were
toddlers; they are more coordinated than toddlers and more purposeful in their
actions. They demonstrate speed and strength, and they become increasingly
more independent. During the preschool years, there is a steady increase in
children’s height, weight, and muscle tone. Compared with toddlers,
preschoolers are longer and leaner. Their legs and trunks continue to grow,
and their heads are not so large in proportion to their bodies. As preschoolers’
bodies develop over time, the areas in their brains that control movement
continue to mature, thus enabling them to perform gross-motor skills.

5. Cognitive Development of the Preschoolers

During preschool years, amazing changes happen in children's
"thinking skills." Their memories are becoming stronger-they often remember
surprising details. They can share their ideas in new and interesting ways.
They are able to think more abstract and are able to identify things. Their
imaginations are becoming a primary vehicle for play and learning. They
begin to compare, contrast, organize, analyze, and come up with more and
more complex ways to solve problems. Math and scientific thinking become
more sophisticated. In other hand, milestones provide a guide for when to
expect certain skills or behaviors to emerge in young children based on
cognitive, gross motor (movement), fine motor (finger and hand skills),
hearing, speech, vision, and social-emotional development.