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AS/NZS 1462.22:1997 Methods of test for plastics pipes and fittings - Method
for the determination of pipe stiffness

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Date: 25 Nov 2005

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 1 AS/NZS 1462.22:1997

Australian/New Zealand Standard

Methods of test for plastics pipes and fittings

Method 22: Method for determination of pipe

stiffness

1 SCOPE This Method sets out a procedure for determining the pipe stiffness of PVC
pipes with structured walls.

2 REFERENCED DOCUMENT The following document is referred to in this

Standard.
AS/NZS
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1462 Methods of test for plastics pipes and fittings

1462.21 Method 21: Method for determination of bond strength

3 PRINCIPLE A short length of pipe is compressed across its diameter, at a constant

rate of deflection between two rigid parallel plates. The force necessary to deflect the pipe
by 5% of the mean internal diameter is used to calculate the pipe stiffness (see Figure 1).

FIGURE 1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF SPECIMEN LOADING

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 AS/NZS 1462.22:1997 2

TABLE 1
DEFLECTION SPEEDS FOR
TESTING MACHINE

Deflection speed
Pipe designation
mm/min
≤ DN 100 5 ±1
> DN 100 ≤ DN 200 10 ±2
> DN 200 ≤ DN 400 20 ±2
> DN 400 50 ±5

4 APPARATUS The following apparatus is required:

(a) Testing machine —a calibrated Class B compression testing machine of constant
cross-head speed.
(b) Two parallel steel bearing plates—of thickness not less than 6.0 mm. The plates
shall be flat and clean. The stiffness of the plates shall be sufficient to prevent them
from bending or deforming during the test. The length of the plates shall be at least
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equal to the length of the test piece. The width of the plates shall be at least 50 mm
more than the contact surface with the test plate.
(c) Measuring equipment—capable of measuring—
(i) applied force—to an accuracy within 2%; and
(ii) deflection—of the inside diameter in the direction of loading to an accuracy
of 0.1 mm or 1% of the deflection, whichever is the greater.

5 TEST SPECIMENS
5.1 Number of test specimens Three specimens shall be tested.
NOTE: When performing this test, it is normal to find slightly different results when
consecutive test pieces are tested. It is also normal to find slightly different results when the
rings are rotated with respect to the bearing plates.
5.2 Preparation of test specimens The test specimens shall be prepared as follows:
(a) Cut a length of approximately 1000 mm from a pipe.
(b) Mark the outside of the cut length with three longitudinal lines, each 120° apart,
over the full length of the selected pipe section. Identify the marked lines as ‘a’, ‘b’
and ‘c’, respectively.
NOTE: If in a previous test a low value of stiffness was determined in some position, locate
line ‘a’ through the point of application of the load producing the low stiffness reading.
(c) Cut three test specimens to the length specified in Clause 4.3.
5.3 Length of test specimens The length of each test specimen should be
300 ±10 mm. However, if the pipe design is such that a length of 300 mm would not be
representative because of lack of symmetry, the length of the test specimen may be longer
than 310 mm.
Test specimens from pipes with perpendicularly ribbed, corrugated or profiled
constructions shall be cut in such a way that their length equals a whole number of ribs,
corrugations or profiles (see Figure 2). The cuts shall be in the centre between the ribs,
corrugations or profiles.

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 3 AS/NZS 1462.22:1997

The ends of the specimens shall be cut 90 ±2° to the pipe axis. Determine the length of
each specimen by taking the arithmetic average of three to six measurements equally
spaced around the perimeter of the pipe, in accordance with Table 2.
Determine the diameter of the test specimen in accordance with AS/NZS 1462.1.
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FIGURE 2 EXAMPLE OF TEST PIECE CUT FROM A PERPENDICULAR

RIBBED PIPE

TABLE 2
NUMBER OF LENGTH MEASUREMENTS

Pipe designation Number of length measurements

≤ DN 200 3
> DN 200 ≤ DN 500 4
> DN 500 6

5.4 Age of test pieces Testing shall be performed on test specimens whose age is at
least 24 h. For reference testing, the age of the test pieces shall be 21 ±2 days.
5.5 Conditioning of test specimens Each test specimen shall be conditioned in either
air or water immediately prior to testing at 20 ±2°C for a period not less than that
indicated in Table 3.

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 AS/NZS 1462.22:1997 4

TABLE 3
CONDITIONING OF TEST SPECIMENS
Minimum total wall thickness Conditioning time in water Conditioning time in still
mm or moving air (see Note 1) air (see Note 2)
≤ 5 5 min 15 min
> 5 ≤ 10 15 min 35 min
> 10 ≤ 20 30 min 90 min
> 20 2.5 h 5h

NO TES:
1 These conditioning times apply when the test specimens are immersed in water or in a
circulating air current produced by means of a fan or other device.
2 This is considered to be a normal laboratory atmosphere.

6 TEST TEMPERATURE Pipes shall be tested at 20 ±2°C.

7 PROCEDURE The test procedure for each of the three test specimens shall be as
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follows:
(a) Locate the first test specimen (specimen a) with its longitudinal axis parallel to the
bearing plates and centre it laterally in the testing machine.
(b) Bring the upper plate into contact with line ‘a’ on the test specimen. Use only
sufficient force to hold the piece in position.
(c) Deflect the test piece at the speed given in Table 1 to a minimum deflection of 5%
of the internal diameter of the test specimen.
(d) Record force and deflection measurements continuously. Deflection is normally
given by the displacement of the bearing plates. However, if profile deformation is
seen to occur, the deflection shall be measured by the change in the inside diameter
of the test specimen.
(e) Graph the force deflection curve for the test specimen.
The force versus deflection plot is typically a smooth curve. In some cases, the
apparent zero point may be in error (see Figure 3). If so, the initial straight-line
portion of the curve shall be extrapolated back and the intercept with the horizontal
axis shall be used as the (0,0) point (origin).
(f) Repeat the procedure described in Steps (a) to (e) with the second and third test
specimens (specimens b and c respectively) except that the upper plate shall be in
contact with line ‘b’ on ‘specimen b’ and with line ‘c’ on the ‘specimen c’ during
the test.

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 5 AS/NZS 1462.22:1997
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FIGURE 3 METHOD OF CORRECTING THE ORIGIN

8 CALCULATION OF PIPE STIFFNESS Calculate the pipe stiffness for each of the
three test positions (‘a’, ‘b’ and ‘c’) according to the following equations:

. . . 8.1

. . . 8.2

. . . 8.3

where
Sa, b, c, = individual pipe stiffness value, in newtons per metre, per metre
y a, b, c, = deflection that corresponds to a 5% deflection, in metres
F a, b, c, = force that corresponds to a 5% deflection, in newtons
di = inside diameter of the pipe, in metres
L a, b, c, = length of the test specimen, in metres
Calculate the pipe stiffness S, in N/m/m, using the following equation:

. . . 8.4

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 AS/NZS 1462.22:1997 6

9 REPORT The following information shall be reported:

(a) Complete identification of the pipe sample.
(b) Date of test.
(c) Pipe stiffness, S.
(d) Test temperature.
(e) Reference to this test method, i.e. AS/NZS 1462.22.
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 7 AS/NZS 1462.22:1997

This Joint Australi an/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical Committ ee PL/21, Unplasticized PVC Pipe.
It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Austr alia on 6 November 1996 and on behalf of the Council of
Standards New Zealand on 6 November 1996 and published on 5 January 1997.

The foll owing interests are represented on Commit tee PL/21:

Australi an Association of Cert if ication Bodies
CSIRO — Division of Building, Constr ucti on and Engineering
Depart ment of Land and Water Conservation, N.S.W.
Depart ment of Natural Resources, Qld
Melbourne Retail Water Companies
New Zealand Local Government Associati on
New Zealand Society of Master Plumbers and Gasfit ters
Plasti cs and Chemicals Industr y Associati on
Plasti cs Instit ute of New Zealand
South Australi an Water Corporation
Sydney Water Corporation
Water Corporation Western Australi a
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Review of Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industr y, Joint Australi an/New Zealand Standards are subject to
peri odic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new edit ions as necessary. It is important therefore
that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest editi on, and any amendments thereto.
Full detail s of all Joint Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australi a and Standards
New Zealand Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazines ‘The Austr alian
Standard’ and ‘Standards New Zealand’, which subscribing members receive, and which give details of new publi cati ons,
new edit ions and amendments, and of wit hdrawn Standards.
Suggesti ons for improvements to Joint Standards, addressed to the head offi ce of either Standards Australi a or Standards
New Zealand, are welcomed. Notif ication of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in a Joint Austr alian/New Zealand
Standard should be made wit hout delay in order that the matter may be investi gated and appropri ate action taken.

First published as AS/NZS 1462.22:1997.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 95341.

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