05 RELAX

In this unit, you learn h o w to:

• introduce negative c o m m e n t s
• make plans and arrange w h a t to
Grammar
• might,
be going
present continuous,
to + v e r b
Reading

• Sports around t h e world

J
do • Superlatives
• talk about w a t c h i n g and doing Listening

different sports Vocabulary • Plans for t h e w e e k e n d

• form common nouns from • Activities, places and e q u i p m e n t • T h e r e a s o n s for football's
adjectives • Sports and g a m e s verbs popularity
• Forming words • Having a nap

SPEAKING

A W o r k i n groups. Discuss these questions.

• A r e t h e a c t i v i t i e s in t h e p i c t u r e s r e l a x i n g ? W h y ? /
W h y not?
• W h i c h o f t h e t h i n g s in t h e p i c t u r e s d o y o u do? H o w
o f t e n ? W h i c h do o t h e r people y o u k n o w do?

VOCABULARY LISTENING
Activities, places and equipment
Y o u a r e g o i n g to h e a r a c o n v e r s a t i o n b e t w e e n
A I n p a i r s , c o m p l e t e t h e t a b l e w i t h t h e w o r d s i n t h e box. Corinne a n d h e r f r i e n d , M a r i b e l , w h o is v i s i t i n g her
for t h e w e e k e n d . It's T h u r s d a y .
Activity Clothes Equipment Place

dance boots racket golf A O 5.1 L i s t e n a n d t i c k yt the things they talk about
classes course doing.
relaxing and doing nothing special
buying a few things
taking a flight
basketbal fishing tennis court w a t c h i n g a sports event
bat running track golf clubs doing some exercise
trainers football pitch pool going to a dance class
shorts cycling cards g o i n g on a t r i p t o t h e c o u n t r y
net Pilates walking g o i n g t o a s w i m m i n g pool

B W h i c h words from exercise A could complete e a c h B Work i n pairs. Discuss these questions.
question below? Notice the collocations a n d g r a m m a r . • W h i c h t h r e e r e a s o n s d o e s M a r i b e l give for n o t
1 D o y o u w a n t t o go w i t h m e on S u n d a y ? a g r e e i n g t o C o r i n n e ' s plan for S u n d a y ?
2 Are y o u playing this weekend? • W h a t r e a s o n s d o e s C o r i n n e give for her plan?
3 H a v e y o u ever done ?
4 Is there a a n y w h e r e n e a r here? C L i s t e n a g a i n to c h e c k y o u r i d e a s .
5 Do y o u have a I could borrow?
6 Doyou haveany I could borrow?
NATIVE SPEAKER ENGLISH

A s k a n d answer the questions. Give true answers. gear

A: D o y o u w a n t t o go fishing w i t h m e on S u n d a y ? W e u s e g e a r t o talk about the special e q u i p m e n t and
B: I'd love t o . W h e r e are y o u g o i n g t o go? c l o t h e s y o u n e e d or w e a r for a p a r t i c u l a r activity.
or
B: M a y b e , b u t I've never b e e n before, / haven't got my swimming gear with me.
or We just hired all the gear when we went skiing.
B: No t h a n k s . I don't really like f i s h i n g . He wears all the latest cycling gear.

36 OUTCOMES
 G R A M M A R might, present continuous,
be going to + verb
A M a t c h t w o i t e m s f r o m 1-6 to e a c h of t h e f o l l o w i n g :
a a f u t u r e a r r a n g e m e n t w i t h people
b a d e f i n i t e p e r s o n a l plan for t h e f u t u r e
c a p o s s i b l e p l a n not f u l l y d e c i d e d

1 Are you playing basketball this w e e k e n d ?

2 W h a t are y o u g o i n g t o do w h i l e you're here?
3 I'm e o i n g t o t a k e it easy.
4 I might go shopping.
5 S o m e i m p o r t a n t clients are c o m i n g .
6 W h a t t i m e a r e y o u t h i n k i n g o f leaving?

• Need help? Read t h e g r a m m a r reference on page 144.

B P u t t h e w o r d s i n 1-3 a a n d b i n t o t h e correct o r d e r to
m a k e questions.
1 We're h a v i n g a picnic o n S u n d a y , if y o u ' r e i n t e r e s t e d ,
a e l s e w h o g o i n g is?
b g o i n g a r e w h e r e it t o y o u have?
2 I m i g h t go t o w a t c h H a l i f a x play on Saturday,
a are w h o playing they?
b of w h e n tickets thinking are y o u getting the?
3 My friend Jane's going t o come and visit,
a l o n g h o w s h e s t a y g o i n g is t o ?
SPEAKING b y o u are w h i l e o f w h a t d o i n g she's t h i n k i n g here?

A Work i n g r o u p s . D i s c u s s t h e s e q u e s t i o n s . C I n pairs, have the conversations i n exercise 6.

• Would y o u go on t h e S u n d a y t r i p if y o u w e r e
Maribel? D C h a n g e w o r d s i n 1-6 b e l o w so t h e y a r e t r u e for
• W h a t t i m e do y o u u s u a l l y get up a t t h e w e e k e n d ? y o u . U s e might i f t h e p l a n i s n o t f u l l y d e c i d e d . F o r
• Do you prefer s w i m m i n g in a pool or t h e s e a ? W h y ? example:
• Where's t h e n i c e s t place y o u ' v e b e e n w a l k i n g , I'm m e e t i n g s o m e f r i e n d s for a drink o n Friday.
r u n n i n g or s w i m m i n g ? / might meet a friend for lunch tomorrow.

1 I'm m e e t i n g a f r i e n d for a drink t o m o r r o w .

DEVELOPING C O N V E R S A T I O N S 2 I'm g o i n g t o t h e c i n e m a a t t h e w e e k e n d .

Introducing negative comments 3 M y g r a n d p a r e n t s a r e c o m i n g r o u n d for d i n n e r

tonight.
We often add a short expression before s t a t i n g t h i n g s 4 I'm g o i n g t o s t a y in a n d s t u d y t o m o r r o w n i g h t .
that are negative in s o m e way. For e x a m p l e : 5 I'm p l a y i n g b a s k e t b a l l on T h u r s d a y .
6 A f r i e n d o f m i n e is h a v i n g a p a r t y on Friday n i g h t .
/ must admit, I'm a bit s o f t .
To be honest, I'd prefer a park. E T e l l y o u r p a r t n e r y o u r s e n t e n c e s f r o m e x e r c i s e D.
/ have to say, I h a t e s p o r Y o u r p a r t n e r s h o u l d a s k q u e s t i o n s to f i n d o u t m o r e .

A Tell a p a r t n e r a b o u t n e g a t i v e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s y o u
have u s i n g I must admit /1 have to say / To be honest. C O N V E R S A T I O N PRACTICE
Use s o m e of t h e a d j e c t i v e s i n t h e box.
Y o u a r e g o i n g to h a v e s i m i l a r c o n v e r s a t i o n s to t h e
messy soft bad w i t h m o n e y unreliable o n e i n Listening. S t u d e n t A i s t h e h o s t ; s t u d e n t B i s
lazy unfit a bad loser conservative the visitor.

B Use the s e n t e n c e s t a r t e r s i n bold to t e l l a p a r t n e r six A Before y o u start, decide w h e r e B is v i s i t i n g a n d w h a t

negative t h i n g s . a c t i v i t y A s u g g e s t s . T h e n d e c i d e w h a t to s a y u s i n g
I must admit, I hate golf. t h e c h a r t i n F i l e 18 o n p a g e 1 5 9 .
I have to say, I can't stand J u l i a Roberts.
To be honest, I think s t u d y i n g is a w a s t e of time. B Role-play the conversation.

05 RELAX 37
 V O C A B U L A R Y Sports and games verbs G R A M M A R Superlatives

A C o m p l e t e 1-8 w i t h t h e w o r d s i n t h e box. I n Listening, t h e s p e a k e r s a i d :

Football is t h e most p o p u l a r g a m e in t h e w o r l d .
beats drew kicked scored It's t h e s i m p l e s t g a m e t o play.
support throw won time
D o y o u k n o w w h e n w e u s e most to f o r m s u p e r l a t i v e s ?
1 I once a m e d a l in a r u n n i n g race a t A n d w h e n w e u s e -est ( a n d -i'est)? C o m p a r e y o u r
school. ideas w i t h a partner.
2 I 1 8 5 t h e last t i m e I w e n t b o w l i n g . It's
my best. • Need help? Read t h e g r a m m a r reference on page 144.
3 A: H o w f a s t do y o u s w i m 1 0 0 , t h e n ?
B: I don't u s u a l l y m y s e l f , b u t I g u e s s it'd B W r i t e t h e s u p e r l a t i v e s of t h e a d j e c t i v e s i n b r a c k e t s i n
take m e about t w o m i n u t e s . I usually do about 30 t h e correct s p a c e s .
l e n g t h s in 2 0 m i n u t e s . 1 is person I k n o w , (tall)
4 We o u r last m a t c h 1 - 1 . 2 p e r s o n I k n o w is probably
5 M y brother always m e w h e n w e play (fit)
c a r d s . I'm s u r e he c h e a t s ! H o w c a n a n y o n e h a v e t h a t 3 is p r o b a b l y person I k n o w
m u c h luck? (clever)
6 I w a s p l a y i n g f o o t b a l l in t h e s t r e e t a n d I 4 p e r s o n in m y f a m i l y is
t h e ball t h r o u g h m y n e i g h b o u r ' s w i n d o w by m i s t a k e . (relaxed)
7 Don't it t o m e - I'm t e r r i b l e a t c a t c h i n g . 5 is t h e b u i l d i n g in m y t o w n .
8 A: W h o d o y o u ? (ugly)
B: Slavia P r a g u e . I've got a s e a s o n t i c k e t , so I g o t o a l l 6 t h i n g I've ever d o n e is
their home games. (exciting)

B Work i n pairs. C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s i n 1-6 a b o v e w i t h y o u r o w n

Student A: act or e x p l a i n t h e e i g h t v e r b s f r o m e x e r c i s e A. i d e a s so t h a t t h e y a r e t r u e for y o u . T e l l a p a r t n e r y o u r
Student B: try t o g u e s s t h e v e r b s . s e n t e n c e s a n d e x p l a i n s o m e d e t a i l s a b o u t t h e m . For
example:
W o r k i n groups. Discuss these questions. My brother-in-law, Javier, is the tallest person I know.
Are y o u g o o d a t s p o r t or a n y g a m e s ? W h i c h o n e s ? He's almost 2 metres.
H a v e y o u ever w o n a n y t h i n g ?
H o w f a s t c a n y o u s w i m / r u n / cycle?
Have y o u ever h a d a n a c c i d e n t p l a y i n g s p o r t ? P R O N U N C I A T I O N /I/for weak sounds.
Do y o u s u p p o r t a n y t e a m in a n y s p o r t ?
W e usually p r o n o u n c e - e s t a s / i s t / . W e a l s o use / i /
in other w e a k sounds, especially w o r d s ending in -age
LISTENING such a s advantage / a e d v a r n t i d j / and manage
/maenicts/.
Y o u a r e g o i n g to h e a r a s h o r t s p e e c h d i s c u s s i n g w h y
f o o t b a l l i s so p o p u l a r . M a r k t h e /1 / s o u n d s i n t h e s e s e n t e n c e s .
1 T h e s e d a y s , people are m a r r i e d o n a v e r a g e for 1 1
Before y o u l i s t e n , w o r k w i t h a partner. T h i n k of and a half years, but t h e longest marriage lasted 8 0
s o m e r e a s o n s for f o o t b a l l ' s p o p u l a r i t y - a n d r e a s o n s years!
for n o t l i k i n g it. 2 E n g l i s h m u s t be o n e o f t h e e a s i e s t l a n g u a g e s t o
learn.
B % 5.2 L i s t e n a n d see i f t h e s p e a k e r m e n t i o n s t h e 3 W e w a n t e d t o go t h e r e b e c a u s e t h e y said it's t h e
same reasons. nicest place t o eat.
4 It's t h e p r e t t i e s t v i l l a g e r o u n d h e r e , so t h e r e ' s o f t e n a
C L o o k at t h e a u d i o s c r i p t o n p a g e 1 6 6 . T i c k V t h e s h o r t a g e o f p l a c e s t o stay.
t h i n g s y o u agree w i t h . Cross X the t h i n g s y o u
disagree w i t h . Put a question m a r k n e x t to w h a t B % 5.3 L i s t e n a n d c o m p a r e y o u r i d e a s . T h e n l i s t e n
y o u don't u n d e r s t a n d . T h e n discuss y o u r ideas w i t h a g a i n a n d practise saying the sentences.
a partner.

38 OUTCOMES
 READING

Read t h e t e x t s a b o u t t h r e e d i f f e r e n t s p o r t s a n d B Of the three sports,

m a t c h e a c h o n e to o n e of t h e p i c t u r e s i n a - f . 1 w h i c h is t h e m o s t p o p u l a r ?
2 w h i c h is t h e o l d e s t ?
3 w h i c h is t h e n e w e s t ?
4 w h i c h w a s t h e most dangerous?
5 w h i c h is t h e m o s t d a n g e r o u s n o w ?

C M a t c h the words i n bold i n t h e text w i t h

the m e a n i n g s below. T h e n check your
a n s w e r s i n t h e Vocabulary Builder.
a h o w fast y o u do s o m e t h i n g
b t h e result o f s o m e t h i n g
c people w h o w a t c h a s p o r t s e v e n t
d try
e m a d e illegal by t h e g o v e r n m e n t
f t r y t o w i n m o n e y by g u e s s i n g w h o w i l l w i n

D Work i n groups. Discuss t h e questions a n d

e x p l a i n y o u r c h o i c e s . W h i c h of t h e s p o r t s
y o u r e a d about do y o u t h i n k :
is t h e m o s t f u n t o do?
is t h e best t o w a t c h ?
n e e d s t h e m o s t skill t o do?
requires t h e most fitness?
needs t h e most strength?

Although it's doesn't attract Since 1948, Keirin has become
big crowds or money, Pato is one of Japan's biggest
the national sport of Argentina. spectator sports with over 20
It was invented in the 17th million a year attending events.
century and originally involved People now bet over $15
two teams on horses trying to billion dollars on the outcome
prevent each other from carrying of the races. Keirin is like
a duck (pato in Spanish) to horseracing, but with cyclists.
theirfarmhouse.The sport was Nine competitors ride round
banned for a while because of a track following a cyclist who
violence - not only to the duck, sets the pace at about 50km/h.
but also to other players. Some He then leaves the track so
were killed in fights or from the riders can race each other
being kicked by the horses. The for the remaining two laps,
modern game (sometimes also reaching speeds of 70km/h.
known as Horseball) is a lot safer. There are often crashes as
Teams of four riders fight for the there is so little space to race
'duck' (now a ball with handles) in. Riders have to train 15 hours
and throw and catch it to try and a day in special schools to
score in their opponent's net. be able to race and can win
millions of dollars.
Bossaball is a new game with
a small but growing support. It
w a s invented in Belgium a few
years ago. It's played on a special
inflatable pitch and is a mixture
of volleyball, football, gymnastics
and dance. Players bounce up
and down and aim to pass, kick
and head the ball over the net.
The rules are a little complicated,
but you basically lose a point
when the ball touches the floor.
The referee is also a DJ who plays
Brazilian music a s the teams play.

05 RELAX 39
 LISTENING C Listen a g a i n a n d complete these notes.

Y o u a i e g o i n g to h e a r a r a d i o f e a t u r e a b o u t n a p p i n g .
SPAIN:
A R e a d t h e d i c t i o n a r y d e f i n i t i o n of nap. T h e n d i s c u s s Peoples usually work-from? 9 tiXb 1

the questions below w i t h a partner.

They often* eat dinner at 2
and/ stay out till/

ablate-a* 1

Nap /naep/ V and N-COUNT

If y o u nap - or if y o u have a nap - y o u s l e e p
for a s h o r t period o f t i m e , u s u a l l y d u r i n g t h e day. Hesearch- says naps should, lait between/

* anAayvhour.
• Do y o u k n o w a n y c o u n t r i e s w h e r e n a p p i n g is
'Best time; is- between/ 5
in/ the/ afternoon/.
common?
• Do y o u ever h a v e a nap? W h e r e ? W h e n ? For h o w Can/ increase- energy levels / Improve-your 6

long? and/ 7

• W h i c h of t h e things below do you think are t h e

results o f n a p p i n g ? W h y ?
Spanlshhabits chanalr^. people/going-Izr start
- people c a n go o u t a n d e n j o y t h e i r social lives m o r e
- people feel h a p p i e r a n d m o r e c r e a t i v e
8
from/hxch of sleep.

- people g e t lazier a n d lazier

- people a r e less p r o d u c t i v e a n d d o less w o r k miTAIN:
- people lose c o n c e n t r a t i o n a n d m a k e m o r e m i s t a k e s
National/ Nap atWorhWeehcampaign/
- n e w business opportunities are created
- people a r e m o r e likely t o h a v e h e a r t a t t a c k s Aimy to inform/people* of 9

B % 5.4 L i s t e n to t h e r a d i o f e a t u r e . D e c i d e w h i c h of
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES:
the seven ideas above the speaker says are the a c t u a l
Metronaps in/ NYC create- 10
for business
r e s u l t s of n a p p i n g .
people-to- nap Uvthe-Keady Bed/ in Europe is specially

Write t h e sentences in your language. Translate
t h e m back into English. C o m p a r e your English t o the
original.
M o r e a n d m o r e people a r e w o r k i n g longer a n d
longer hours.
I'm s p e n d i n g more a n d more t i m e a t w o r k - a n d
and less t i m e w i t h m y family!
It's getting harder a n d harder to b u y t i c k e t s f o r
games. r; | gag"'
You get more and more beautiful e v e r y y e a r !
deti^nea^ so you/can/eaiiiy 11
and/
D Compare the notes y o u took w i t h a partner. D i d your
partner hear anything you missed?
ess
E Work i n pairs. Discuss these questions.
• Do y o u t h i n k ' N a t i o n a l N a p a t W o r k ' w e e k is a good
I idea? W h y ? / W h y not?
• Does t i r e d n e s s ever a f f e c t y o u r w o r k ? H o w ?
• D o y o u like e i t h e r o f t h e b u s i n e s s ideas - M e t r o n a p s
or t h e Ready Bed? W h y ? / W h y not?
• W h a t p e r c e n t a g e o f y o u r t i m e is n o t s p e n t w o r k i n g ,
s t u d y i n g or s l e e p i n g ? W h a t d o y o u do d u r i n g t h a t
*Mss, t i m e ?

i«MH||l|!|
 VOCABULARY word families SPEAKING

We can m a k e nouns f r o m s o m e adjectives by a d d i n g A R e a d t h e Fact File a n d p u t a n e x c l a m a t i o n m a r k '

-ness. n e x t to a n y f a c t s t h a t s u r p r i s e y o u .
tired tiredness

If the adjective ends in -y, remove t h e -y a n d add O n a v e r a g e , w e s l e e p 6.9 h o u r s a d a y -

-iness. a l m o s t a n h o u r less t h a n a f e w d e c a d e s ago.
happy happiness 3 3 % o f a d u l t s s u r v e y e d w o u l d n a p a t w o r k , if
allowed to.
A Complete e a c h p a i r o f s e n t e n c e s b e l o w b y a d d i n g 2 4 % o f a d u l t s w a k e u p several t i m e s d u r i n g
either a n a d j e c t i v e f r o m t h e b o x o r a n o u n b a s e d o n t h e n i g h t - a n d f i n d it hard t o g e t back to
the a d j e c t i v e . sleep.
S l e e p p r o b l e m s a r e n o w t h o u g h t t o be t h e
aware conscious fit homeless b i g g e s t h e a l t h - r e l a t e d p r o b l e m in m a n y
ill lazy mad weak countries.
Tired w o r k e r s cost t h e A m e r i c a n economy
1 a I don't really like d o i n g e x e r c i s e . I'm q u i t e $ 1 5 0 billion e a c h year.
3 0 - 4 0 % of t r a f f i c a c c i d e n t s are c a u s e d by
b H a v i n g a n a p is n o t a s i g n o f tired drivers.
2 a B o s s a b a l l h a s really i m p r o v e d m y g e n e r a l

b I try t o keep by g o i n g t o t h e g y m B I n pairs, compare the things that surprised you.

twice a week.
3 a I have a real for chocolate! I eat too C Check y o u u n d e r s t a n d the words a n d expressions i n
m u c h o f it. b o l d below. T h e n discuss t h e questions i n groups.
b I can't u s e m y p h o n e here. T h e s i g n a l is t o o • H o w m a n y h o u r s a n i g h t d o y o u u s u a l l y sleep?
• W h a t t i m e do y o u u s u a l l y go t o bed?
4 a I can't c o m e o u t w i t h y o u t o n i g h t . I'm t o o • A n d w h a t t i m e do y o u u s u a l l y get up?
• Do y o u ever h a v e trouble s l e e p i n g ?
b M o r e a n d m o r e people a r e s u f f e r i n g f r o m m e n t a l • H a v e y o u ever fallen asleep in c l a s s / on t h e bus / on
a train? W h a t happened?
5 a I t h i n k t h e w h o l e idea is c o m p l e t e l y I • W h a t ' s t h e l a t e s t y o u ' v e ever b e e n t o bed? W h y ?
b T h e b a n k l e n t her £ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ! It's c o m p l e t e • D o y o u usually remember your dreams?
• Do y o u ever h a v e nightmares? W h a t a b o u t ?
6 a A lot of people b e c o m e a f t e r losing
their jobs.
b O n e o f t h e b i g g e s t p r o b l e m s in m y city is

7 a T h e pain w a s so bad t h a t I lost

b I was during the whole operation.
8 a We're of t h e problem and we're
t r y i n g t o s o r t it o u t .
b The campaign aims t o increase of
t h e b e n e f i t s of n a p p i n g .

B I n p a i r s , t h i n k of t w o o t h e r n o u n s t h a t e n d i n -ness.
Compare your ideas w i t h another pair. T h e n w r i t e
four s e n t e n c e s s h o w i n g h o w to u s e t h e a d j e c t i v e a n d
noun forms.

C Work i n groups. Discuss these questions.

• Do y o u h a v e a w e a k n e s s f o r a n y t h i n g ?
• W h y do y o u t h i n k people s u f f e r f r o m m e n t a l i l l n e s s ?
• Is h o m e l e s s n e s s a p r o b l e m in y o u r c o u n t r y ? W h a t do
you t h i n k c a u s e s it? H o w s h o u l d g o v e r n m e n t s s o r t
it out?

05 RELAX 41