Choline Chloride

Companies team up for choline chloride
03 February 2014 00:00

Source: Chemical and Engineering News (3 Feb 2014 , Vol 92 , Iss No 5 , p 12-13 and Website: http://www.cen-online.org )
Taminco and Balchem have announced its new joint venture that
will manufacture choline chloride in Balchem's existing facility in St
Gabriel, LA, US. The venture will also construct a new facility by 2015. All
the plant's output will be marketed separately by the two companies. The
chemical, which is used as an animal feed additive, has been experiencing
stronger demand due to its role as a clay stabilizer in hydraulic fracturing.
Original Source: Chemical and Engineering News,

http://www.cen-online.org, Copyright American Chemical Society2014.
Released to ICIS 4 Mar 2014
[This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party premium option available through ICIS
news. For any queries about the content please contact: John Godfrey, godfreyj@elsevier.com, +44 (0) 1223 463167]
By: John Godfrey
Taminco confirms plans for choline chloride facility in Louisiana

25 February 2014 14:38 [Source: ICIS news]
HOUSTON (ICIS)--US-listed Taminco on Tuesday confirmed plans for a joint-venture choline chloride facility in St.
Gabriel, Louisiana.
The alkylamines and alkylamine derivatives producer will build the plant in a joint venture
with Balchem. The plant is expected to start up in 2015.
Financial or capacity details were not disclosed.
Taminco said that the new plant would serve a growing North American market, which is
underpinned by increasing demand for choline chloride as a clay stabilizer in oil and gas drilling
and hydraulic fracturing applications.
Choline chloride is also used as an additive in animal feed.
By: Stefan Baumgarten
+1 713 525 2653
First Aid Shot Therapy revolutionizes pain relief - and is acetaminophen free
17 January 2014 00:00
Source: Company press release, 17 Jan 2014, 17 Jan 2014, Website: http://www.prnewswire.com
Consumers concerned with recent FDA warnings about risky

acetaminophen doses may be reviewing their options, and First Aid Shot
Therapy (FAST) Liquid Pain Relief should be on their radar. This new product
contains choline salicylate, which can get into the bloodstream up to five
times faster than aspirin, helping deliver relief from pain symptoms in
minutes.
Original Source: First Aid Shot Therapy, 2014. Found on website:

http://www.prnewswire.com.Released to ICIS 6 Feb 2014
By: John Godfrey
Wilson Therapeutics announces successful filing of US IND to advance WTX101

development program for Wilson Disease
13 January 2014 00:00
Source: Company press release, 13 Jan 2014, 13 Jan 2014, Website: http://www.prnewswire.com
Wilson Therapeutics has successfully filed an Investigational New

Drug (IND) application with US Food and Drug Administration for the
development of WTX101 (bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate), a novel de-coppering
agent under evaluation as a treatment for Wilson Disease. The recent
acceptance of the US IND is a key initial step in the company's plan to
advance WTX101 into pivotal clinical trials as a treatment for Wilson
Disease, a rare genetic disorder that prevents the body from regulating
copper and can lead to serious liver and brain damages.
Original Source: Wilson Therapeutics, 2014. Found on website:

http://www.prnewswire.com.Released to ICIS 28 Jan 2014
By: John Godfrey
First Aid Shot Therapy revolutionizes pain relief with new single-dose OTC liquid shot
11 December 2013 00:00
Source: Company press release, 11 Dec 2013, 11 Dec 2013, Website: http://www.prnewswire.com
First Aid Shot Therapy (FAST) Pain Relief is a berry-flavored,

single-dose, liquid relief shot whose active ingredient may enter a person's
blood stream up to five times faster than aspirin. FAST Pain Relief
temporarily relieves headache, muscle pain, toothache, menstrual pain, pain
and fever of colds, minor pain of arthritis and temporarily reduces fever.
The active ingredients in the single-dose, pre-measured 1.35 fl oz (40 ml)
liquid relief shot are choline salicylate and caffeine. Choline salicylate
is an OTC non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and the combination
of this drug with caffeine helps make FAST Pain Relief very effective in
treating pain and keeping people on the go.
Original Source: First Aid Shot
Therapy, 2013. Found on website: http://www.prnewswire.com.
Released to ICIS 3 Jan 2014
By: John Godfrey
Medigene granted additional patent for RhuDex for the treatment of autoimmune diseases
13 December 2013 00:00
Source: Company press release, 13 Dec 2013, 13 Dec 2013, Medigene, website: http://www.medigene.de
Medigene AG announces that the European Patent Office has granted

an additional patent protecting the drug candidate RhuDex, which is
currently being developed by Medigene for the treatment of autoimmune
diseases. The term of the patent EP 1991548 granted for the choline salt in
RhuDex ends in 2027, with a potential extension of up to five years. Dr
Frank Mathias, Chief Executive Officer of Medigene AG, comments: "This
RhuDex patent further expands the protection of our phase II drug candidate
and acknowledges Medigene's continuous work on its development projects."
Medigene is developing RhuDex as an oral, disease-modifying drug for the
treatment of autoimmune diseases. RhuDex is a CD80 antagonist that blocks
undesired T-cell activation, and thus has an immunomodulating and
anti-inflammatory effect. Safety and tolerability of RhuDex has already been
demonstrated in several phase I clinical trials. Medigene has successfully
completed a phase IIa pilot study with RhuDex in the indication rheumatoid
arthritis. Currently Medigene is planning to conduct a phase II trial in
primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), in order to confirm the mode of action of
RhuDex in autoimmune diseases.
Original Source: Medigene, website:

http://www.medigene.de/, Copyright Medigene AG 2013.Released to ICIS 3 Jan 2014
By: John Godfrey
Taminco to supply Dow

01 September 2013 00:00
Source: Speciality Chemicals-Sep 2013, Vol 33, Iss #9, p 8 and Website: http://www.specchemonline.com )
Taminco has signed an agreement to supply choline hydroxide for

herbicidal uses to US-based Dow AgroSciences . The catalyst is an important
component of Dow's Enlist Duo herbicide and for its Enlist strategy in
general.
Original Source: Speciality Chemicals Magazine,

http://www.specchemonline.com/, Copyright Quartz Business Media Ltd
2013.Released to ICIS 21 Nov 2013
By: John Godfrey
New and generic drug approvals: Choline C-11 Injectable; Intravenous, MCPRF
30 October 2013 00:00
Source: US Food and Drug Administration News (30 Oct 2013 and Website: http://www.fda.gov )
On 30 Oct 2013, the US Food and Drug Administration announced

approval of NDA 203155 (manufacturing change or addition) for Choline C-11
Injectable; Intravenous. The product contains choline C-11 at 4 mCi/ml to
33.1 mCi/ml, is manufactured by MCPRF, and is prescription only. There are
no therapeutic equivalents.
Original Source: US Food and Drug Administration, http://www.fda.gov.

Released to ICIS 7 Nov 2013. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party premium
option available through ICIS news. For any queries about the content please contact: John Godfrey,
godfreyj@elsevier.com, +44 (0) 1223 463167]
By: John Godfrey
Dow and Taminco strike choline deal

19 August 2013 00:00
Source: Chemical and Engineering News (19 Aug 2013, Vol 91, Iss#33, p 14 and Website: http://www.cen-online.org)
Taminco has signed an agreement with Dow Chemical for the supply
of choline hydroxide as raw material in the production of
24-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (24-D) choline. It is an improvement to the
24-D broad-spectrum herbicide which Dow has been selling for a long time.
The 24-D choline will be sold as part of EnlistDuo, a combination of the
herbicide and genetically modified crop seeds that resist it. The US
Department of Agriculture (USDA) is already doing a review of EnlistDuo.
Original Source: Chemical and Engineering News, http://www.cen-online.org,
Copyright American Chemical Society 2013.
Released to ICIS 12 Sep 2013
[This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party premium
option available through ICIS news. For any queries about the content please contact: John
Godfrey, godfreyj@elsevier.com, +44 (0) 1223 463167]
By: John Godfrey
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 795/2013 of 21 Aug 2013 concerning the

authorisation of choline chloride as a feed additive for all animal species
22 August 2013 00:00
Source: Official Journal of the European Union L Legislation (22 Aug 2013, Vol 56, Iss No L224, p 1-3 and Website:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/JOIndex.do )
The European Commission, Having regard to the Treaty on the

Functioning of the European Union, Having regard to Regulation (EC) No
1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 Sep 2003 on
additives for use in animal nutrition, and in particular Article 9(2)
thereof, has adopted this Regulation on 21 Aug 2013. The preparation
specified in the Annex (choline chloride), belonging to the additive
category 'nutritional additives' and to the functional group 'vitamins,
pro-vitamins and chemically well-defined substances having similar effect',
is authorized as an additive in animal nutrition subject to the conditions
laid down in that Annex. The preparation specified in the Annex and feed
containing that preparation, which are produced and labelled before 11 Mar
2014 in accordance with the rules applicable before 11 Sep 2013, may
continue to be placed on the market and used until the existing stocks are
exhausted. This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day
following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European
Union. This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly
applicable in all Member States. Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 provides for
the authorization of additives for use in animal nutrition and for the
grounds and procedures for granting such authorization. Article 10 of that
Regulation provides for the re-evaluation of additives authorized pursuant
to Council Directive 70/524/EEC. Choline chloride was authorized without a
time limit in accordance with Directive 70/524/EEC as a feed additive for
use on all animal species as part of the group 'Vitamins, pro-vitamins and
chemically well-defined substances having similar effect'. That product was
subsequently entered in the European Union Register of Feed Additives as an
existing product, in accordance with Article 10(1) of Regulation (EC) No
1831/2003. The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance
with the opinion of the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal
Health.
Original Source: Official Journal of the European Union L,http://eur-lex.europa.eu/, Copyright European Union 2013.
Released to ICIS 28 Aug 2013. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party
premium option available through ICIS news. For any queries about the content please contact: John Godfrey,
By: John Godfrey
Dow AgroSciences and Taminco sign herbicide deal

12 August 2013 23:30 [Source: ICIS news]
HOUSTON (ICIS)--Dow AgroSciences and Taminco US have reached a strategic supply agreement for choline hydroxide
for the production of Dow's agricultural herbicide, the US-based companies announced on Monday.
Financial terms of the agreement were not disclosed.
The Indiana-based subsidiary of Dow Chemical said the agreement is an important step in the
production of its proprietary 2,4-D choline, which is a key component in the Enlist Duo herbicide.
The formulation offers customers significant benefits including ultra-low volatility, minimized
potential for drift, decreased odour and improved handling characteristics, Dow said.
“Enlist will move farming forward at a critical time for agriculture, and it is essential that we have
reliable suppliers as part of our supply chain in order to meet the expected demand. We view
Taminco as an important partner to advancing the Enlist system,” said Tim Hassinger, Dow
AgroSciences commercial vice president.
The company plans to ramp up seed production and its supply of Enlist Duo to support the
anticipated forthcoming demand for the herbicide. Pennsylvania-based Taminco is a global
leading producer of alkylamines and alkylamine derivatives.
By: Mark Milam
New and generic drug approvals: Choline C-11 Injectable; Intravenous, MCPRF
26 July 2013 00:00
Source: US Food and Drug Administration News (26 Jul 2013 and Website: http://www.fda.gov)
On 26 Jul 2013, the US Food and Drug Administration announced

approval of NDA 203155 (manufacturing change or addition) for Choline C-11
Injectable; Intravenous. The product contains choline C-11 at 4-33.1 mCi/ml,
is manufactured by MCPRF, and is prescription only. There are no therapeutic
equivalents.
Original Source: US Food and Drug Administration, http://www.fda.gov.

Released to ICIS 1 Aug 2013. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party premium
By: John Godfrey
New report from BCC Research forecasts the global market for Alzheimer's disease to
decline to $9.5 bn by 2017
11 June 2013 00:00
Source: Company press release, 11 Jun 2013 , 11 Jun 2013 , Website: http://www.biospace.com
Every second a new person in the US develops Alzheimer's disease.

This astonishing statistic has become a reality for the 5.4 M Americans now
living with this debilitating neurological disease. While the BCC Research
forecast for Alzheimer's disease shows an upward trend in most segments, the
expirations of some key disease-modifying therapeutics including Aricept,
Exelon, and Namenda and the introduction of generic alternatives for these
drugs is expected to flatten the market. Apart from the introduction of
Aricept 15 years ago before 2013, there have been no major advancements in
disease-modifying therapies. The market is just waiting for the next big
innovation in Alzheimer's disease treatment and management. According to BCC
Research's report, Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics and Diagnostics: Global
Markets, the global market for Alzheimer's disease reached $10.2 bn in 2012,
and is expected to decrease at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -1.5%
to reach $9.5 bn in 2017. The market segment expected to see the most growth
is Diagnostics and Biomarkers. Currently, there is no definitive way to
diagnose Alzheimer's disease until post-mortem. However, recent research has
revealed linkages between certain enzymes and proteins and the onset of
Alzheimer's disease, paving the way for not only more advanced methods of
diagnosing Alzheimer's disease, but also more effective gene- and
enzyme-based treatments. One such enzyme, Choline Acetyltransferase, has
been identified as a key component in memory functionality. Studies have
shown that using drugs to block the production of this enzyme in healthy
individuals leads to memory impairment similar to that seen in Alzheimer's
patients. However, attempts to correct the deficit in Alzheimer's patients,
while successful in animals, have yet to prove successful in humans. With
the global population aging and an expected exponential increase in
Alzheimer's disease cases, the stage is set for savvy market players to
capture significant market share.
Original Source: BioSpace.com, 2013. From website: http://www.biospace.com.

Released to ICIS 17 Jun 2013. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party
By: John Godfrey
LR's international product innovation

08 April 2013 00:00
Source: Company press release, 8 Apr 2013, 8 Apr 2013, Website: http://www.marketwire.com
LR Health & Beauty Systems (LR) has worked together with a group
of nutrition experts in order to reach a new milestone for combating
non-medical related stress and increasing performance: Mind Master - Brain
and Body Performance Drink. The highlight: Body and mind can be stimulated
together for the first time. The antioxidants resveratrol, green tea,
chlorophyll, vitamin E and selenium complement each other to relieve stress.
Vitamins B, choline, iron, coenzyme 10 and L-carnitine increase the
efficiency of body and mind. Mind Master, LR's latest German produced and
SGS Institut Fresenuis certified innovation, contains an optimal combination
of micronutrients and antioxidants, the so-called 'Green Energy Formula',
which neutralizes free radicals, reduces cell damage and protects
mitochondria, the energy production sites. Furthermore, it supports the
energy metabolism in the brain and body in a sustainable manner. The LR
experts recommend exercise and sport to complement the daily use of Mind
Master. Not only has the Brain and Body Performance Drink been proven
efficient through internal scientific studies, but it is also easy to use:
For only EUR 2.39 a day (recommended allowance: 80 ml a day), the drink can
enhance your quality of life - a quality much sought after in Germany these
days. This innovative product is supplied in a purple 0.5 lt bottle at a
unit price of EUR 14.95 (also available as a set of 5 for just 69.95) and
can be ordered from numerous LR sales partners. LR Health & Beauty Systems
GmbH is one of Germany's leading direct sales enterprises for body care and
beauty products.
Original Source: LR Health & Beauty Systems, 2013. Found on website: http://marketwire.com.
Released to ICIS 15 Apr 2013. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party
By: John Godfrey
Rainbow receives 2,4-D patent

01 February 2013 00:00
Source: Outlooks on Pest Management (Feb 2013 , Vol 24 , Iss No 1 , p 23 and Website:
http://www.researchinformation.co.uk. )
The Chinese State Intellectual Property Office has granted a new

patent to Rainbow Chemical for its 2,4-D choline formulation. One of the
largest Chinese producers of agrochemicals, Rainbow is headquartered at
Jinan City, Shandong province. A eco-friendly process for manufacture of the
2,4-D choline formulation results in a stable product that contains fewer
crystals, has low volatility, and minimizes drift and odour. The formulation
enables ease of handling of tank mixes. Rainbow claims that the formulation,
which is different to that used with 2,4-D amine salt or ester, provides
enhanced weed control, especially on weeds that are difficult to control or
resistant to other herbicides. Another advantage is its suitability for use
with genetically modified crops.
Original Source: Outlooks on Pest Management, http://www.researchinformation.co.uk/pest.php, Copyright

Research Information Ltd 2013.Released to ICIS 9 Apr 2013. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase
(CBNB), a third party premium option available through ICIS news. For any queries about the content please contact:
John Godfrey, godfreyj@elsevier.com, +44 (0) 1223 463167]
By: John Godfrey
US HCG Injections introduces Lipo 7 for weight loss

18 March 2013 00:00
Source: PBR Pharmaceutical Business Review (18 Mar 2013 and Website: http://www.pharmaceutical-business-
review.com/ )
US HCG Injections launched an alternative to the human chorionic

gonadotropin (HCG) diet - a new lipotropic injection Lipo 7 for weight loss.
The Lipo 7 comprises of vitamins B6 & B12 (methylcobalamin), methionine,
inositol, choline (MIC), leucine and chromium that help in metabolizing and
burning fats in the body.
Original Source: PBR Pharmaceutical Business Review, http://www.pharmaceutical-business-review.com/, Copyright PBR

2013. Released to ICIS 26 Mar 2013. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party
By: John Godfrey
Balchem and Van Eeghen to promote VitaCholine in European food supplement market
Source: NutraCos (Jan-Feb 2013 , Vol 12 , Iss No 1 , p 9 and Website: http://www.b5srl.com )
Balchem Corporation and Van Eeghen Functional Ingredients have

entered into a strategic alliance to market Balchem's VitaCholine on the
European food supplement market. The VitaCholine brand of choline is
produced to very high quality standards. The USP-grade products can be used
in tablets, capsules, over-the-counter products, medical nutrition, infant
formula and food.
Original Source: NutraCos, http://www.b5srl.com/, Copyright B5 Srl 2013.

Released to ICIS 15 Mar 2013. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party
By: John Godfrey
Orphan designation: Choline tetrathiomolybdate for the treatment of Wilson's disease

01 March 2013 00:00
Source: EMA (European Medicines Agency) (1 Mar 2013 , p 1-4 and Website: http://www.ema.europa.eu )
On 24 Jan 2013, orphan designation (EU/3/12/1089) was granted by

the European Commission to Medical Need Europe AB, Sweden, for choline
tetrathiomolybdate for the treatment of Wilson's disease. There are
questions and answers covering: What is Wilson's disease?, What is the
estimated number of patients affected by the condition?, What treatments are
available?, How is this medicine expected to work?, What is the stage of
development of this medicine? At the time of submission, choline
tetrathiomolybdate was not authorized anywhere in the EU for Wilson's
disease. Orphan designation of choline tetrathiomolybdate had been granted
in the US for Wilson's disease. In accordance with Regulation (EC) No
141/2000 of 16 Dec 1999, the COMP adopted a positive opinion on 6 Dec 2012
recommending the granting of this designation.
Original source: EMA: EMA/COMP/795268/2012: Public summary of opinion on orphan

designation:Choline tetrathiomolybdate for the treatment of Wilson's disease;
http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Orphan_designation/2013/03/WC500139536.pdf; 18 Feb 2013.
Released to ICIS 7 Mar 2013. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party premium
By: John Godfrey
New and generic drug approvals: Trilipix Delayed Release Oral Capsule, Abbvie
28 January 2013 00:00
Source: US Food and Drug Administration News (28 Jan 2013 and Website: http://www.fda.gov)
On 28 Jan 2013, the US Food and Drug Administration announced

approval of NDA 022224 (manufacturing change or addition) for Trilipix
Delayed Release Oral Capsule. The product contains choline fenofibrate at eq
45mg or 135mg fenofibric acid, is manufactured by Abbvie, and is
prescription only. There are no therapeutic equivalents.
Original Source: US Food and Drug Administration, http://www.fda.gov. Released to ICIS 4 Feb 2013. [This article was
prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party premium option available through ICIS news. For any
queries about the content please contact: John Godfrey, godfreyj@elsevier.com, +44 (0) 1223 463167]
By: John Godfrey
Nutricia introduces OTC product for dietary management of Alzheimer's disease

14 January 2013 00:00
Source: PBR Pharmaceutical Business Review (14 Jan 2013 and Website: http://www.pharmaceutical-business-
review.com/ )
Nutricia unveiled Souvenaid which is over the counter (OTC)

product for the dietary management of early Alzheimer's disease. The product
is a 125ml once-a-day drink containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
(docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]), uridine (as
uridine monophosphate [UMP]) and choline, along with phospholipids and B
vitamins.

2013.Released to ICIS 18 Jan 2013. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party
By: John Godfrey
New pharmaceuticals approved by the FDA

01 October 2012 00:00
Source: Die Pharmazeutische Industrie (Oct 2012, Vol 74, Iss No 10, p 1665 and Website: http://www.pharmind.de)
A table lists new pharmaceuticals approved by the US Food and

Drug Administration (FDA) during 27 Aug-12 Sep 2012 as follows: Stribild
(cobicistat, elvitegravir, emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)
oral tablets for HIV by Gilead Sciences Inc; Nutroval (tbo-filgrastim)
injection solution for neutropenia in cancer patients manufactured by Sicor
Biotech; Linzess (linaclotide) oral capsules for chronic constipation and
irritable bowel syndrome with constipation manufactured by Forest
Laboratories Inc; Revatio (sildenafil citrate) oral suspension for pulmonal
arterial hypertension by Pfizer; Xtandi (enzalutamide) oral capsules for
advanced prostate cancer manufactured by Medivation; Bosulif (bosutinib)
oral tablets for chronic myeloid leukaemia manufactured by Wyeth
Pharmaceuticals Inc; Aubagio (teriflunomide) oral tablets for Multiple
Sclerosis manufactured by Sanofi Aventis US; and Choline C 11 injection
solution, contrast agent in order to discover prostate cancer manufactured
by Mayo Clinic MCOPRF.
Original Source: Die Pharmazeutische Industrie, http://www.pharmind.de, Copyright Editio Cantor Verlag GmbH 2012.
Released to ICIS 21 Nov 2012. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party
By: John Godfrey
Anti-dumping duty on choline chloride imports from China

06 November 2012 00:00
Source: Chemical Weekly (6 Nov 2012, p 146 and Website: http://www.chemicalweekly.com/)
The Ministry of Commerce, Government of India has imposed

antidumping duty of 60.79% on cost and freight prices of choline
chloride (CC) imported from China. In India, Jubilant Life Sciences and
Balaji Amines Ltd manufactures CC and combined production capacity is 18
kilo tonne/y. India produces 14,400 tonnes of CC but the demand stands at
19,200 tonnes, the balance requirement is met with import from China. CC is
used for animal and poultry feed.
Original Source: Chemical Weekly, http://www.chemicalweekly.com/, Copyright Sevak Publications & Chemical Weekly
Database P Ltd 2012. Released to ICIS 21 Nov 2012. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase
(CBNB), a third party premium option available through ICIS news. For any queries about the content please contact:
John Godfrey, godfreyj@elsevier.com, +44 (0) 1223 463167]
By: John Godfrey
TPP, Sprint Bioscience partner to develop human cancer therapeutics

31 October 2012 00:00
Source: PBR Pharmaceutical Business Review (31 Oct 2012 and Website: http://www.pharmaceutical-business-
review.com/ )
TPP Global Development (TPP) has tied up with Sprint Bioscience

to develop choline kinase small molecule inhibitors, to treat cancer in
humans. The collaboration will enable TPP to work with Sprint Bioscience,
and look forward to utilizing their expertise in fragment-based drug
discovery and development. Sprint Bioscience is conducting a fragment-based
drug discovery programme to identify small molecules that target choline
kinase a.

2012. Released to ICIS 7 Nov 2012. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party
By: John Godfrey
New and generic drug approvals: Choline C 11 Injection, Mayo Clinic

12 September 2012 00:00
Source: US Food and Drug Administration News (12 Sep 2012 and Website: http://www.fda.gov)
On 12 Sep 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration announced

approval of NDA 203155 for Choline C 11 Injection. The product contains
choline C 11 at 4.0 to 331.mCi/ml, is manufactured by Mayo Clinic, and is
prescription only. There are no therapeutic equivalents. The FDA, an agency
within the US Department of Health and Human Services, protects the public
health by assuring the safety, effectiveness, and security of human and
veterinary drugs, vaccines and other biological products for human use, and
medical devices. The agency also is responsible for the safety and security
of the nations food supply, cosmetics, dietary supplements, products that
give off electronic radiation, and for regulating tobacco products.
Original Source: US Food and Drug Administration, http://www.fda.gov. Released to ICIS 18 Sep 2012. [This article was
By: John Godfrey
FDA approves production of imaging agent that helps detect prostate cancer: Mayo Clinic
is the first facility approved to manufacture Choline C 11 Injection
12 September 2012 00:00
Source: US Food and Drug Administration News (12 Sep 2012 and Website: http://www.fda.gov)
On 12 Sep 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the

production and use of Choline C 11 Injection, a Positron Emission Tomography
(PET) imaging agent used to help detect recurrent prostate cancer. Choline C
11 Injection is administered intravenously to produce an image that helps to
locate specific body sites for follow-up tissue sampling and testing in men
with recurrent prostate cancer. PET imaging with Choline C 11 Injection is
performed in patients whose blood prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels are
increasing after earlier treatment for prostate cancer. An elevated PSA
result suggests that prostate cancer may have returned, even though
conventional imaging tests, such as computerized tomography (CT), have not
shown any signs of cancer. PET imaging is not a replacement for tissue
sampling and testing. Choline C 11 Injection must be produced in a
specialized facility and administered to patients shortly after its
production. While PET imaging with Choline C 11 Injection has been performed
at a few facilities over the past several years, none of these facilities
were approved by the FDA to manufacture the agent. The Food and Drug
Administration Modernization Act directed the agency to establish
appropriate approval procedures and current good manufacturing practice
requirements for all PET products marketed and used in the US. The Mayo
Clinic is now the first FDA-approved facility to produce Choline C 11
Injection. "Choline C 11 Injection provides an important imaging method to
help detect the location of prostate cancer in patients whose blood tests
suggest recurrent cancer when other imaging tests are negative," said
Charles Ganley MD, director of the Office of Drug Evaluation IV in FDA's
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. "The FDA's approval of Choline C 11
Injection at the Mayo Clinic provides assurance to patients and health care
professionals they are using a product that is safe, effective, and produced
according to current good manufacturing practices." The safety and
effectiveness of Choline C 11 Injection were verified by a systematic review
of published study reports. Four independent studies examined a total of 98
patients with elevated blood PSA levels but no sign of recurrent prostate
cancer on conventional imaging. After PET imaging with Choline C 11, the
patients underwent tissue sampling of the abnormalities detected on the PET
scans. In each of the four studies, at least half the patients who had
abnormalities detected on PET scans also had recurrent prostate cancer
confirmed by tissue sampling of the abnormal areas. PET scan errors also
were reported. Depending on the study, falsely positive PET scans were
observed in 15 % to 47 % of the patients. These findings underscore the need
for confirmatory tissue sampling of abnormalities detected with Choline C 11
Injection PET scans. Aside from an uncommon, mild skin reaction at the
injection site, no side effects to Choline C 11 Injection were reported.
Choline C 11 Injection is manufactured and distributed by the Mayo Clinic
PET Radiochemistry Facility in Rochester, MN. The FDA, an agency within the
US Department of Health and Human Services, protects the public health by
assuring the safety, effectiveness, and security of human and veterinary
drugs, vaccines and other biological products for human use, and medical
devices. The agency also is responsible for the safety and security of the
nation's food supply, cosmetics, dietary supplements, products that give off
electronic radiation, and for regulating tobacco products.
Original Source: US Food and Drug Administration, http://www.fda.gov. Released to ICIS 17 Sep 2012. [This article was
By: John Godfrey
Dow AgroSciences scales up 2,4-D choline production

05 December 2011 00:00
Source: Chemistry and Industry (London) (5 Dec 2011 , Iss No 23 , p 13 and Website: http://www.chemind.org )
Dow AgroScience has ramped up production of 2,4-D choline,

enabling the company to make Enlist Duo herbicide for its Enlist weed
control system. Growers will benefit from 2,4-D choline's ability to control
resistant weeds. 2,4-D choline, which is dissimilar with 2,4-D amine or
esters, still offers the favorable properties of conventional 2,4-D
products.
Original Source: Chemistry and Industry (London), http://www.soci.org/, Copyright Society of Chemical Industry 2011.
Released to ICIS 27 Mar 2012. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party
By: John Godfrey
Dow AgroSciences successfully produces 2,4-D choline

07 November 2011 00:00
Source: Company press release, 7 Nov 2011 , 7 Nov 2011 , Dow Chemical Co, 2030, Dow Centre, Midland, MI 48642,
USA, tel: +1 989 636 1000, fax: +1 989 636 3518, website: http://www.dow.com
Dow AgroSciences has successfully produced 2,4-D choline in a

commercial scale-up setting. This milestone is an indicator of the company's
manufacturing expertise to produce Enlist Duo herbicide, which will be a
highly differentiated herbicide solution for its Enlist Weed Control System.
Once all regulatory approvals are secured, Enlist will introduce an
innovative combination of herbicides and herbicide-tolerant traits in elite
germplasm to meet the emerging weed control challenges facing farmers, while
sustaining beneficial farming practices. The new 2,4-D choline is a
quaternary ammonium salt, which is different from 2,4-D amine or ester
formulations. This technology retains the positive attributes of traditional
2,4-D products, such as the same weed control efficacy and favourable
environmental profile, while providing growers new advantages for the
management of resistant and hard-to-control weeds. Colex-D Technology is a
technology package featured in Enlist Duo and is comprised of 2,4-D choline,
the latest in formulation science and a propriety manufacturing process.
Those components taken together will provide growers with new benefits with
the herbicide, including ultra-low volatility, minimized potential for
drift, decreased odour and improved handling characteristics.
Released to ICIS 14 Nov 2011. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party
By: John Godfrey
Alzheimer's disease pharmaceuticals in clinical studies

01 May 2011 00:00
Source: Die Pharmazeutische Industrie (May 2011, Vol 73, Iss No 5, p 896-897 and Website: http://www.pharmind.de)
An extensive table lists Alzheimer's disease pharmaceuticals

which are currently in clinical trials. A prevention study with simvastatin
for light cognitive disturbance (amnestic MCI) carried out by BMBF and Merck
& Co Inc shows how simvastatin influences beta-amyloid metabolism, inhibits
alpha- and beta-sekretase activities in the central nervous system. A
diagnostics study with amyloid-PET-tracer for severe dementia by Bayer
Schering Pharma makes the plaque visible. A therapy study with dimebon for
medium-severe Alzheimer's disease (only Aricept allowed as antidementia
co-medication) carried out by Medivation and Pfizer shows dimebon is an
antagonist of the histamine receptor. A therapy study with pirenzepin for
slight to medium-severe Alzheimer's disease carried out by AC Immune shows
high effectiveness in view of plaque reduction and prevention of memory
loss. A therapy study with ACC-001 (a vaccine against A-beta and plaque
formation) for slight to medium-severe Alzheimer's disease carried out by
Wyeth and Pfizer. A therapy study with solanezumab (which promotes the
breakdown of plaques) for slight to medium-severe Alzheimer's disease
carried out by Eli Lilly. A therapy study with AAB-001/bapineuzumab (a
monoclonal antibody against A-beta and plaque formation) for slight to
medium-severe Alzheimer's disease by Wyeth/Pfizer. A therapy study with
Affitop AD02 (A-beta immunotherapy) for slight to medium-severe Alzheimer's
disease carried out by Affiris. A therapy study with intravenous immune
globulin (IVIg), which promotes the breakdown of plaques, for slight to
medium-severe Alzheimer's disease carried out by Baxter. A therapy study
with AZD1446 (acetylchlin release which improves memory) for slight to
medium-severe Alzheimer's disease by AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP and
Targacept Inc. A therapy study with BMS-708163 (gamma-secretase inhibitor)
for slight to medium-severe Alzheimer's disease by Bristol-Myers Squibb. A
therapy study with CAD106 (A-beta immunotherapy) for slight Alzheimer's
disease by Novartis. An effectiveness study with CERE-110 for slight to
medium-severe Alzheimer's disease carried out by Ceregene Inc, a nerve
growth factor gene therapy which might prevent choline-dependent cell loss.
A therapy and effectiveness study with donepezil and memantine
(cholinesterase inhibitor and NMDA receptor antagonist) for medium-severe to
severe Alzheimer's disease carried out by King's College London. A therapy
study with EHT 0202, etazolate (neurone protection) for slight to
medium-severe Alzheimer's disease carried out by Exonhit. A therapy study
with ELND005 (prevents build-up of plaques) for slight to medium-severe
Alzheimer's disease carried out by Elan and Transition Therapeutics Inc. A
therapy and effectiveness study with escitalopram and lexapro (aimed to
prevent the progression of the disease) for slight to medium-severe
Alzheimer's disease carried out by Seoul National University Hospital and H
Lundbeck A/S. A therapy study with EVP-6124 (to activate nicotinic alpha-7
receptors, reduction of the effects by plaques on cognition) for slight to
medium-severe Alzheimer's disease carried out by EnVivo Pharmaceuticals. A
safety and effectiveness study with nicotinamide, vitamin B3 (for cognitive
improvement through competitive inhibitor of sirtuine or class III NAD and
dependent HDACs) for slight to medium-severe Alzheimer's disease carried out
by UC Irvine. A therapy study with PBT2 (which inhibits oligomers formation,
disaggregates plaques and neutralizes A-Beta toxicity) for slight to
medium-severe Alzheimer's disease carried out by Prana Biotechnology Ltd. A
therapy study with PF-04360365 (a highly-selective anti-amyloid-monoclonal
antibody) for slight to medium-severe Alzheimer's disease carried out by
Pfizer. A safety and effectiveness study with resveratrol (nutraceutical
made from red grapes for neurone protection) for slight to medium-severe
Alzheimer's disease carried out by the Department of Veterans Affairs. An
effectiveness study with RO5313534, MEM 3454, RG3487 (for activation of
nicotinic alpha7 receptors, reduction of the effects by plaques on
cognition) for slight to medium-severe Alzheimer's disease carried out by
Roche Pharmaceuticals. A safety and effectiveness study with T-817MA (for
neurone protection) for slight to medium-severe Alzheimer's disease carried
out by Toyama Chemical Co Ltd; and an effectiveness study with thalidomide
(inhibitor of TNF-alpha, prevents damage to memory, neurone protection) for
slight to medium-severe Alzheimer's disease carried out by Banner Health and
Celgene Corp.
Released to ICIS 9 Jun 2011. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party premium
By: John Godfrey
Choline hydroxide; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance

01 September 2010 00:00
Source: Federal Register (1 Sep 2010 , Vol 75 , Iss No 169 , p 53577-53581 and Website:
http://www.gpoaccess.gov/fr/advanced.html )
This regulation, issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA), establishes an exemption from the requirement of a tolerance for
residues of choline hydroxide (CAS Reg No 123-41-1) when used as an inert
ingredient that acts as a neutralizer in food use, acidic, preharvest
herbicide products. The Dow AgroSciences LLC has submitted a petition to the
EPA under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), requesting
establishment of an exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. This
regulation eliminates the need to establish a maximum permissible level for
residues of choline hydroxide. This regulation is effective 1 Sep 2010.
Objections and requests for hearings must be received on or before 1 Nov
2010.
Released to ICIS 6 Sep 2010. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party premium
By: John Godfrey
Cosmeceuticals: Where wellness meets beauty. [1 figure in original article]

01 December 2009 00:00
Source: Modern Pharmaceuticals (Dec 2009, Vol 4, Iss No 11, p 42-45)
Among various segments of personal care industry, cosmeceuticals

is witnessing the fastest growth due to society's allurement to put up a
more youthful appearance. Besides, as the longevity of the world population
is getting increased, it is fuelling the growth of cosmeceuticals to new
heights. For clinicians, cosmeceuticals offer a lot of options by presenting
various tools for treating and at the same time beautifying the skin, hair,
etc. No wonder, in cosmeceuticals wellness meets beauty. Nutricosmetic
products and supplements concept is quite embryonic in India, owing to this,
cosmeceuticals market too has not taken much foothold. But, its changing,
companies are pulling out all the stops in an effort to offer various
products that defy age, erase wrinkles and scars of acne, lighten
pigmentation, eliminate dandruff and those prevent hair loss. These products
are currently available in shops irrespective of their location metropolitan
city or distant villages. Cosmeceuticals are added with various kinds of
biologically active ingredients which act as pharmaceutically active
compounds to enhance the effect and benefit of the cosmetics to the
customer. Some of the biologically active compounds are, amino acids,
peptides, growth-factors, anti-inflammatory botanicals, pigment lightening
agents, polysaccharides and fish polysaccharides, alpha hydroxyl acids,
B-vitamin choline, retinoids, kinetin, anti-enzymatic agents, ascorbic acid
pycnogenol, ursolic acid, vegetable isoflavones, and vitamin E. Besides,
extracts of plants and herbs such as aloe-vera, ginseng, lemon peel, neem,
nagarmotha, majeeth, and rose too are used in cosmeceuticals. The trend is
shifting towards incorporating those ingredients which act as drugs but does
not fall under the category of drugs. Niacinamide at certain percentage acts
similar to clindamycin antibiotic. But, still it will be categorized as
cosmeceutical. Regulatory front, in developing countries such as India,
China and others, there is no clear cut regulations formulated to regulate
and control the cosmeceuticals industry. This was due to the low base of
cosmeceutical industry. Segment -wise, skin care segment takes the second
biggest share of general cosmetic industry. However, when it comes to
cosmeceuticals, skin care is the leading contributor of the sector. Skin
care segment accounts for 70% of the cosmeceuticals and the remaining 30% is
shared among hair growth, nail care and other segments. Even in skin care
segment some categories of cosmeceuticals falling under anti-ageing,
sun-block and moisturizing product categories are promising to be the
sunrise segments. According to the geography and prosperity of the nation
the preference for products too changes accordingly. In Asian countries like
India, there is a huge market for skin whitening agents and sun-block
products. But in western countries and some developed nations of Asia like
Japan, people prefer anti-ageing and anti-pigmentation products. Globally,
cosmeceuticals is forecasted to grow at 18-20%/y. In tandem with, Indian
cosmeceuticals too is expected to witness double digit growth. In India, the
next most promising sector will be men's care category comprising of men's
grooming aids such as men's cosmeceutical hair care and skin care products.
The included chart highlights the share of various constituents of the
cosmetics market.
Released to ICIS 9 Apr 2010. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party premium
By: John Godfrey
European court ups BASF cartel fine
17 December 2007 00:00
Source: ICIS Chemical Business (17 Dec 2007 and Website: http://icischemicalbusiness.com)
The European Court of First Instance decided to increase the fine

originally imposed by the European Commission on BASF by EUR 54,000
($79,000) for participating in a choline chloride cartel. BASF now has to
pay a fine of EUR 35 M. In the Dec 2004 decision of the European Commission,
Akzo Nobel, BASF and UCB were fined an aggregate of EUR 66 M for forming a
price-fixing cartel between Jun 1992 and Apr 1994.
Released to ICIS 8 Jan 2008. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party premium
By: John Godfrey
EU ups BASF vitamin fine

19 December 2007 00:00
Source: Chemical Week (19 Dec 2007 and Website: http://www.chemweek.com)
BASF's fine for engaging in a cartel on choline chloride or

vitamin B has been increased by the EU to EUR 35.02 M ($51.5 M). The fine
was originally set by the European Commission at EUR 34.97 M. The commission
has implemented fines amounting to EUR 66.34 M on Akzo Nobel, BASF, and UCB
for fixing the price of choline chloride in 1992-1994 and engaging in a
cartel in Western Europe in 1994-1998.
Released to ICIS 8 Jan 2008. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party premium
By: John Godfrey
Taminco buys majority share in choline chloride op

27 June 2007 12:40 [Source: ICIS news]
LONDON (ICIS news)—
Taminco is to acquire the majority share from Akzo Nobel for its choline chloride joint venture in

China, the amines maker said on Wednesday. “This transaction is an important step in the growth
of our feed additive activities in China as part of our Life Science business unit,” Taminco’s chief
executive Pol Vanderhaeghen said.
The acquisition of the majority share of the factory in Yixing, China, is expected to be completed
by the end of June. Belgium company, Taminco produces amines and derivates.
By: Lucy Craymer
+44 20 8652 3214
Chemical profile ethylene oxide. [1 table, 2 figures in original article]

22 June 2007 00:00
Source: ICIS Chemical Business Americas (11 Jun 2007 and http://www.icbamericas.com)
The table lists the 10 major ethyl oxide producers in the US with
sites and site capacities. They are: BASF, Geismar, LA 485 M lbs/y; Dow
Chemical, Plaquemine, LA 602 M lbs/y, Seadrift, TX, 950 M lbs/y, and Taft,
LA, 1700 M lbs/y; Eastman Chemical, Longview, TX, 230 M lbs/y; Equistar
Chemicals, Bayport, TX, 800 M lbs/y; Formosa Plastics, Point Comfort, TX,
550 M lbs/y; Huntsman, Port Neches, TX, 1000 M lbs/y; Old World Industries,
Clear Lake, TX, 780 M lbs/y; PD Glycol, Beaumont, TX, 700 M lbs/y; Shell
Chemicals, Geismar, LA, 920 M lbs/y; and Sunoco, Claymont, DE, 120 M lbs/y.
The figures show US ethylene demand, imports and exports between 2001 and
2006 and the average price in the US for ethylene oxide. Market demand in
2006 was 8.465 bn lbs and in 2010 it is expected to be 9.34 bn lbs,
representing growth of 2.5% /y through 2010. Historical and current pricing
levels are listed. The main end use for ethylene oxide is in the manufacture
of ethylene glycol and other glycols 52%, ethanolamines, 15% ethoxylated
surfactants, 13% and miscellaneous products, including polyether polyols,
cholines, hydroxyethyl cellulose 12% and starches 8%. The largest use of
ethylene glycol is in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) a
market which is driven by demand for bottles. The second largest market for
ethylene glycol is in antifreeze, a market which is declining at 0.5% /y
because of recycling, long-life and alternative products. The ethylene oxide
market is currently balanced.
Released to ICIS 22 Jun 2007. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB), a third party
By: John Godfrey
Thai Choline Chloride selects Davy

12 June 2007 00:00
Source: ICIS Chemical Business (4 Jun 2007 and Website: http://icischemicalbusiness.com)
Davy Process Technology will provide methylamines and choline chloride processing technology
to PTT Chemical subsidiary, Thai Choline Chloride Co. Davy will begin basic engineering design
of the 26,700 tonne/y choline chloride plant in Mab Ta Phut, Thailand
in Jul 2007. The engineering, procurement and construction
contractor will be selected in early 2008. Choline chloride is used as
vitamin supplement in chicken feeds.
Released to ICIS 12 Jun 2007. [This article was prepared by Chemical Business
NewsBase (CBNB), a third party premium option available through ICIS news. For
any queries about the content please contact: John Godfrey, godfreyj@elsevier.com,
+44 (0) 1223 463167]
By: John Godfrey
Ethylene oxide
11 June 2007 00:00 [Source: ICB Americas]
DEMAND
2005: 8.3bn lbs. 2006: 8.465bn lbs. 2010: 9.34bn lbs., projected.
Demand equals production plus imports (2005: 11m lbs. 2006: 12m
lbs.) less exports (2005: 12m lbs. 2006: 10m lbs.). Sources: ICIS
Chemical Business Americas USITC
GROWTH
Historical (2001-2006): 2.8%/year. Future: 2.5%/year through 2010.
PRICE
Historical (2001-2006): High, 78 cents/lb., contract, bulk, f.o.b., Gulf
low, 33 cents/lb., same basis. Current: 65-69 cents/lb., same basis.
Source: ICIS pricing
USES
Ethylene glycol, 52% other glycols (diethylene, triethylene, polyethylene and glycol ethers) 15%
ethanolamines, 13% ethoxylates (surfactants), 12% miscellaneous, including polyether
polyols, choline derivatives and hydroxyethyl cellulose and starch, 8%. Source: ICIS Chemical
Business Americas
MARKET PERSPECTIVE
Ethylene glycol (EG) is EO's largest application segment at 52% of the total take. In 2006,
production of EG is estimated to have been about 6bn lbs., requiring 4.4bn lbs. of EO.
Consumption of EO for EG production is expected to grow at approximately 2.8%/year through
2010. About two-thirds of EG goes into the production of polyester products (polyethylene
terephthalate, a.k.a. PET) and antifreeze. The remaining share is taken up by exports and
numerous relatively minor uses. The largest use for ethylene glycol is PET, which is consumed
for the production of fiber, film, bottles and engineering resins. The market will be driven primarily
by the increasing requirements for PET bottles.
The second-largest application for EG after PET, is in antifreeze formulations. Through 2010,
annual consumption of antifreeze will decline slowly at an average rate of 0.5%. This decline
results from antifreeze recycling, long-life coolants and the substitution of propylene glycol-based
antifreeze. In 2006, antifreeze formulations consumed 1.3bn lbs. of EG, which required an
equivalent 1bn lbs. of EO.
OUTLOOK
The EO market looks balanced even with domestic EG production slipping about 10% in the first
quarter. Much new ethylene capacity is coming online over the next four years in China and
Saudi Arabia, and these will supply planned EO units that will add nearly 18bn lbs. to the global
capacity. The implication is that imports of EG will increase, reducing domestic demand for EO.
Future growth of EO, through 2010, is projected to be 2.5%/year, about half that of global
demand growth.
US Ethylene oxide CAPACITY, million LBS. /year

Company Location Capacity*
BASF Geismar, La. 485
Dow Chemical Plaquemine, La. 602
Dow Chemical Seadrift, Tex. 950
Dow Chemical Taft, La. 1,700
Eastman Chemical Longview, Tex. 230
Equistar Chemicals Bayport, Tex. 800
Formosa Plastics Point Comfort, Tex. 550
Huntsman Port Neches, Tex. 1,000
Old World Industries Clear Lake, Tex. 780
PD Glycol Beaumont, Tex. 700
Shell Chemicals Geismar, La. 920
Sunoco Claymont, Del. 120
TOTAL8,837
SOURCE: ICIS CHEMICAL BUSINESS AMERICAS
*Millions of pounds per year of ethylene oxide (EO). Commercial production is by catalytic
oxidation of ethylene using oxygen. More than 65% of the industry production is hydrated to
ethylene glycols, and the remainder is purified for the production of ethoxylates, ethanolamines
and other intermediates. Most EO producers are vertically integrated into EO derivative
production.
Late last year, Shell Chemicals closed its oldest EO line at Geismar, La., with 330m lbs. of
capacity. The move reduced on-site capacity from 1.25bn lbs. to 920m lbs.
Equistar Chemicals is a wholly owned subsidiary of Lyondell Chemical Company.
PD Glycol is a 50-50 partnership between Equistar and DuPont.
Profile last published October 11, 2004
For the latest market prices and reports on more than 120 commodity chemicals from the leading
independent pricing and market intelligence service, please visit ICIS pricing
at www.icispricing.com
CHEMICAL PROFILE: Methylamines

June 19–25, 2006
Producer Capacity
*
Air Products, Pensacola, Fla. 400
DuPont, Belle, W.Va. 200
TOTAL US 600
Celanese Mexicana, Coatzacoalcos, 30

Mexico
TOTAL 630
*Millions of pounds per year of mono-, di- and trimethylamines. Commercial production is typically
by alkylation of anhydrous ammonia with methanol. Hence methylamine’s production cost is
sensitive to the cost of natural gas. The capacities of many plants are variable based on the
required product mix of mono-, di-, and tri- products. The product mix exiting the unit is controlled
by adjusting the alcohol to ammonia feed ratio, and recycling the lesser demanded mono- and
trimethylamines, in order to maximize the diamethylamine product.
In August 2002, Chinook Group (Sombra, Ontario) announced it had idled one of its three
methylamine units at Sombra, which had a capacity of approximately 35 million pounds. The
move was intended to help balance the methylamine supply/demand market situation. At the
time, more than 90% of methylamines imported into the US originated in Canada.
Two years later in November 2004, Chinook Group closed the remainder of their methylamine
production at Sombra (150 million pounds total at the site) and sold the methylamine business
(along with their dimethylformamide (DMF) business) to DuPont. The deal included intellectual
property and customer lists but did not include any hard assets.
In June 2004, Air Products sold its European methylamines and derivatives business to Taminco
and closed its methylamine manufacturing plant in Billingham, UK, eliminating 84 million pounds
of capacity. UCB (Belgium) had previously divested its methylamines business to NIV Capital
Private Equity in 2003. The methylamine business was subsequently named Taminco.
PROFILE LAST PUBLISHED 7/28/03; THIS REVISION 6/19/06.
DEMAND
2004: 442 million pounds of mono-, di- and trimethylamines; 2005: 450 million pounds; 2009: 500
million pounds, projected. Demand includes imports (2004: 85 million pounds; 2005: 12 million
pounds) less exports (2004: 15 million pounds; 2005: 31 million pounds).
Market demand in 2005 was apparently split between the different products as:
monomethylamine, 89 million pounds (20%); dimethylamine, 288 million pounds (64%);
trimethylamine, 74 million pounds (16%).
GROWTH
Historical (2000–2005): 2.5% per year. Future: 2.8% per year through 2009.
PRICE
Historical (2000–2005): High, $0.72 per pound, anhydrous, 100% basis, delved. Low, $0.40,
same basis. Current: $0.63 to $0.68, same basis.
USES
Monomethylamine: pesticides, 38% (methamsodium, 22%; methyl isocyanate based 16%); n-
methylpyrrolidone (NMP), 33%; alkylalkanolamines, 24%; surfactants, 3%; miscellaneous,
including explosives and pharmaceuticals, 2%.
Dimethylamine: water treatment, 28%; solvents, including dimethylformamide (DMF) and
dimethylacetamide, 26%; dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE), 19%; dimethylaminopropylamine, 10%;
fatty tertiary amines, 8%; pesticides, 3%; miscellaneous, including rubber processing chemicals,
6%.
Trimethylamine: choline chloride, 45%; miscellaneous, including cationic starch reactants, 55%.
MARKET PERSPECTIVE
Methylamines have turned in a demand growth rate of 2.5% per year for the period 2000 to 2005.
Strong application sectors include monomethylamine consumed for pesticides (2.3% p.a.), and
alkylalkanolamines (2.6% p.a.); and dimethylamine used for water treatment polymers (4.8%
p.a.); dimethylaminopropylamine (8.5% p.a.); and dimethylaminoethanol (6.2% p.a.). These
segments represent 54% of demand last year.
The phase-out of methyl bromide in fumigant applications is increasing the market for metham-
sodium (22% of methylamine demand). Methyl bromide is an alleged ozone depleter and though
the deadline for phasing out domestic production and use of methyl bromide was to have been
completed by the end of 2005, exceptions are allowed by law for some application areas without
suitable alternatives. Metam-sodium is a nematicide used for potatoes, peanuts and vegetables
to control infestations of the microscopic worms that damage plant roots, stems, and foliage.
Exports of methylamines, which had been declining since their 1993 peak of 34 million pounds to
8 million in 2002 as overseas capacity has grown, were revived with the closure of the Chinook
Group’s methylamine plant at Sombra, Canada, in 2004. US methylamine exports increased to
15 million pounds that year and have continued climbing to 31 million pounds in 2005. At the
same time, US imports declined from 103 million pounds in 2003 to only 12 million pounds last
year. Traditionally, more than 90% of these imports had originated in Canada.
OUTLOOK
Methylamines’ growth should continue moderately strong for the foreseeable future as
applications in the largest market segments are still growing close to the GNP rate. Aggregate
growth over the forecast period is projected to be 2.8% per annum.
Choline chloride cartel members ponder EC fines

09 December 2004 17:15 [Source: ICIS news]
LONDON (CNI)—
The three European companies fined by the European Commission (EC) on Thursday for
operating a global cartel to fix the price of choline chloride, are waiting to read the Commission's
full legal reasons before deciding on their response.

BASF, Akzo Nobel and UCB - said they have not yet received the full judgement. Once they
have, they will have two months in which to decide whether to appeal.

Netherlands-based Akzo Nobel said it had already provided for the sum in full on its balance
sheet for its Euro21m ($28m) fine. In 2000, the company took a Euro200m non-recurring charge
for this and related cases, and adjusted it in April this year in view of developments "in a number
of pending cases". The company is still involved in several antitrust investigations by the US,
Canadian and European authorities.

Belgian pharmaceuticals and specialty chemicals firm UCB, which was fined more than Euro10m
over thecholine chloride cartel, also said it would study the decision before deciding whether to
appeal. It also claimed existing special provisions meant the fine would have no impact on its
results.

A spokesman for BASF - fined Euro35m - said: "We will consider our legal position as soon as we
have received the EC's reasons."
By: Peter Mitchell
+44 20 8652 3214
Taminco and JFC enter jv

29 November 2004 00:01 [Source: ICB]
Belgium’s Taminco and China’s Jiangsu Feixiang Chemical have signed a 75:25 joint venture
agreement to build a state-of-the-art methylamines and derivatives plant in Zhangjiagang, China.
The plant, operating as Taminco Chemicals (Suzhou), will be built at Feixiang’s site and will use
Taminco’s proven technology. The construction of the 110 000 tonne/year unit is scheduled to
start early in 2005 and to be completed in time for start-up in mid-2006.
The unit will also produce dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAC)
and choline chloride.
Laurent Lenoir, Taminco’s Asia director, said: ‘This significant step will enable us to consolidate
our existing market position and ensure a sustainable presence in the Asian markets with a clear
focus on the important growth opportunities of China.’
Ghent-based Taminco used to be the methylamines and derivatives division of UCB and was
acquired in October 2003 by the private equity group Alpinvest Partners and the management of
the company.
Choline chloride market continues to suffer on higher feedstock costs.

23 August 2003 01:01 [Source: CBNB]
Source: Chemical Market Reporter
The choline chloride market has been badly affected by rising energy costs. Producers increased
prices in autumn 2002, Mar 2003 and May 2003 in a bid to maintain margins. However, demand
for choline chloride has shown only modest growth which has led to overcapacity. Raw material
costs for choline chloride have also risen. The choline market has normally seen growth of 1-
3%/y. Most of the production is destined for animal feed applications. Akzo Nobel has highlighted
the problem of non-compliant/contaminated choline chloride being imported into Europe from
China. According to Balchem, the N American market has not been as badly affected as Europe.
The US Food and Drug Administration is in the process of classifying choline chloride as an
essential nutrient for human health.
Sound development trend of chlorine chloride.

12 July 2003 01:00 [Source: CBNB]
Source: China Chemical Reporter
Choline chloride is principally used as a feed additive and a plant growth regulator. It is also used
in the printing sector as an antistatic agent and as a hydrolysis catalyst for binary acids or esters.
But more than 98% of choline chloride is used in feed. The number of producers in China is
currently more than 60 and several large 10,000 tonnes/y units have appeared. In 2001 China's
capacity was 250,000 tonnes/y and the output was 116,000 tonnes. In 2002 output was 141,000
tonnes
Vitamins Market is Stable but Remains Fiercely Competitive

The vitamins market has remained fairly stable over the past six months, except for biotin, which
has experienced significant price increases due to a shortage of capacity. Vitamin C is plagued
by overcapacity and pricing pressure exists in the other major segments. The pricing pressure led
to recent restructuring in the vitamins market, but industry leaders Roche and BASF are
proceeding with expansions in their vitamin operations.
The current worldwide market for the three largest vitamins--A, C and E--is roughly $2 billion,
according to Leo Hepner, president, of the UK-based L. Hepner and Associates. Vitamin E is the
largest market with over $1 billion in sales, with vitamins A and C at about $500 million each. The
lesser vitamins (B1, B2, niacin, B5, B6, B12, D3, folic acid, and biotin) have sales in the range of
$50 million to $150 million each. On a sector basis, vitamins in the global animal feed market are
growing at 2 to 3 percent and in the pharmaceutical/food market at 4 to 5 percent, according to L.
Hepner and Associates.
Competition from Chinese manufacturers continues to place downward pressure on pricing for
most vitamins. Key markets for Chinese producers include vitamins B1, B2 (riboflavin), C and E,
and overcapacity in vitamin C is increasing price pressure. Northeast Pharmaceutical Corp. is
planning to build another 15,000-metric-ton vitamin C plant, according to the Chinese State
Information Center. Northeast Pharmaceutical is one of the four major vitamin C manufacturers in
China, which also include North China Pharmaceutical, Shijiazhuang Pharma-ceutical and
Jiangshan Pharmaceutical. The Chinese Pharmaceutical Depart-ment of China's State Economic
and Trade Commission is warning that a new price war is inevitable due to overcapacity for
vitamin C.
As a consuming region, Asia remains a bright spot for the vitamins market, with demand
increasing now that the economy has recovered. Eastern European markets have been
experiencing slow growth, but Mr. Hepner expects they will take off in the near future with
increasing economic prosperity. In developed regions, a greater interest in more healthy diets and
the increased used of vitamins in cosmetics are also contributing to the growth rate. The market
for vitamin premixes also remains positive as the interest in using the mixes over individual
vitamins in animal feed, food, and pharmaceutical applications continues to grow.
Biotin is one vitamin for which prices have increased substantially over the past year due to
shortage of capacity, notes Mr. Hepner. Prices for biotin have shot up from $1.50 to $2.00 per
gram to $6 per gram or more. Masaya Yokota, regional manager, sales and marketing, Tanabe,
notes that the company has had difficulty satisfying demand from all of its customers, especially
spot basis customers who have suddenly been asking for material, presumably because other
suppliers do not have product available. Merck has withdrawn from the market altogether,
although Roche recently upped biotin capacity. Merck had produced 300 metric tons of pure
biotin and biotin containing raw materials at its sites in Darmstadt and Gernsheim, Germany.
Vitamin A and vitamin E prices remain at a low level and the signs of recovery noted in 2000 have
not yet been confirmed in 2001, says Olivier Reboul, director of commercial operations says at
Aventis Animal Nutrition (AAN), which produces vitamins A, B2 (in a joint venture with Archer
Daniels Midland Company), B12, and E, and is the major marketer of vitamin B12. However,
demand for both vitamin A and E is in line with expections--5 to 7 percent for vitamin E and 2
percent for vitamin A. AAN has observed a price increase in vitamin B2 over the last few months
due to a shortage in worldwide supply.
An official at Cognis Nutrition and Health, which produces natural mixed carotenoids and natural
source vitamin E, says the company expects the demand for natural-source vitamin E to pick up
and continue to grow as consumers become more aware of its benefits as well. The company
says that natural mixed carotenoids continue to experience growth as consumers awareness of
benefits increases and new applications in animal feed and food coloring are developed.
The feed-grade choline chloride market is moving toward a balance in supply and demand, in part
due to an improvement in the Asian economy and poor returns reducing the recent oversupply,
notes Reuben A. Murray at Chinook Group Limited, which manufactures choline chloride (vitamin
B4). Cost increases in tri-methylamine due to a tightening of supply and natural gas-derived raw
materials continue to apply upward pricing pressure on choline chloride. Use of technology
suppressing the tri-methylamine molecule and favoring a shift to more economically attractive co-
products of methylamine production appears to be a driving force on the raw material supply side
of the equation.
The market for D-calcium pantothenate is currently experiencing fierce competition, placing
downward pressure on pricing, observes Youichi Takizawa, manager, fine chemicals group, in
the international marketing department, at Daiichi Pharmaceutical Company, which manufactures
vitamin B6 and pantothenates.
Roche, BASF and Aventis Animal Nutrition (AAN) are the three leading vitamin manufacturers
and the market continues to see major restructuring. BASF acquired Takeda's vitamins business
last year, and Aventis announced plans of divesting its vitamins business as Aventis S.A., the
parent company of AAN, continues its search for a buyer for its animal nutrition business. The
sale of the company is progressing but nothing has been completed at this point. At press time,
one suitor for the $520 million AAN was CVC Capital Partners, a London-based equity company.
There is also speculation that the industry leader in vitamins Roche may be interested in divesting
its vitamins business as part of an overall company restructuring.
Earlier this month Novartis bought a 3.7 percent stake in Roche for SFr 4.83 billion ($2.75 billion),
and analysts see further restructuring in Roche, which could include possible divestment of its
vitamins business. Also, Roche an-nounced in May that it was cutting 8 percent of its workforce
or 3,000 jobs to improve performance in its pharmaceutical business. The primary sites affected
are Roche's Nutley, N.J. and Palo Alto, Calif., facilities and sites in Welwyn, UK, and Basel,
Switzerland.
However, Roche maintains that it is not selling its vitamins business. Raimund C. Hoenes,
marketing manager for the food industry unit of Roche Vitamins Inc., the vitamins and fine
Chemicals (V&FC) division of Roche, points out that the vitamins group has restructured over the
last two years. It says the company continues to be the clear market leader with more than 40
percent market share and is back on the growth track.
In April, Roche opened a new 8,000-ton-per-year premix plant in Deinze, Belgium, for
manufacturing vitamin premixes for use in pet foods. Roche also expects to open a 2,000-ton-
per-year vitamin premix plant this year in Isando, South Africa, which will specialize in products
for the pharmaceutical and food industries and will serve the southern part of the African
continent.
Last October, Roche opened new vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and biotin production facilities in
Grenzach, Germany, which use a new fermentation process. The new plant represents an
investment of over DM 200 ($92 million) Roche also opened a new vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
production plant in Shanghai, China, last October and announced plans to build a new 25,000-
ton-per-year vitamin E facility in Sisseln, Switzerland, at a cost of SFr 170 million. The project is
part of a global plan aimed at systematically upgrading the division's production facilities to the
latest technological standards, optimizing plant capacities and making sure manufacturing
operations are located as strategically as possible.
Roche is launching two new products this year--Dry Vitamin E 15 percent CC and Beta-Carotene
10 percent CWS/S, according to Mr. Hoenes. The new dry vitamin E product is a specially
formulated ingredient that will bring the health advantages of an antioxidant to clear beverages
such as water and flavored seltzers while also maintaining visual appeal. The beta-carotene
product is a high-potency, starch-based product that functions effectively in a wide range of
beverages while providing a nice orange color and is nutritionally important as an antioxidant and
as a precursor to vitamin A, according to the company.
Roche, through its V&FC division, offers vitamins A, D (cholecalciferol), E (synthetic and natural
source), K1 (phylloquinone, phytonadione, phytomenadione), B1, B2, B6, C, pantothenates
(calpan, panthenol), biotin, folic acid, niacin/niacinamide, B12, beta-carotene, apocarotenal,
apocarotenoic ester, canthaxanthin, astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin and lycopene and vitamin
premixes.
After the successful integration of the former Takeda vitamins business, BASF now has a 28
percent share of the vitamins market. The merger eliminated a former weakness in BASF's sector
of water-soluble vitamins and is one key element of the company's expansion strategy. As part of
the expansion strategy, BASF started a á600 ($540 million) investment program to expand
capacities and safeguard cost leadership in vitamins. BASF produces vitamins A, beta-Carotene,
B1, B2, B6, C, D, E, calpan/pantothenates, cholinechloride and folic acid.
As a first step, the company will spend á100 million to double capacity for vitamin E and its
precursors to 20,000 metric tons per year at its Ludwigshafen site. This stepwise capacity
increase will take effect from 2002.
Simultaneously, BASF's Wyandotte, Mich., facility will undergo a complete phase-out of vitamin
production by the end of the year. Vitamin E oil production will be transitioned to the
Ludwigshafen site after the closure of the Wyandotte plant. The company's Whitestone, S.C.,
premix plant was scheduled to close June 15. Premix production will be moved to the Neosho,
Mo., and Georgetown, Ontario, Canada sites. By restructuring its US vitamins production, the
company hopes to save on costs in what has become a highly competitive market.
To improve yield in fermentation-based vitamin processes, BASF, in cooperation with the
University of Salamanca in Spain, improved the productivity of the fungus Ashbya gossipi for the
synthesis of vitamin B2, which resulted in a capacity increase of the vitamin B2 plant in
Ludwigshafen to 1,000 metric tons per year without asset spending.
Feed additives are also key to BASF's vitamins strategy, according to J. Meyer, director of
strategic marketing, animal nutrition for BASF. Feed additives are comprised of not only vitamins
but also carotenoids, amino acids, enzymes and organic acids. To serve this market, BASF runs
25 feed premix plants in 22 countries worldwide. Additionally, BASF recently built a 2,000-metric
ton-per-year feed vitamin premix plant in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia that went on stream in June
2000.
Eastman, along with several partners, completed a National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST-ATP) project in September 2000 to develop a new ascorbic acid process
based on fermentation technology. Eastman is currently piloting its process with Genencor
International and is involved in negotiations for the construction of a new worldscale production
facility that is expected to be operational by 2003. Eastman Chemical produces its Nutriene
tocotrienol in Kingsport, Tenn., and its vitamin E TPGS NF in its Peboc division in Wales, the UK.
Other fine chemical producers are in select product positions in vitamins. Nepera Inc., part of
Cambrex Corp., produces niacin and niacinamide. The market for niacinamide is growing at
roughly 4 to 5 percent per year, according to a Cambrex official. Most of the growth derives from
increased use of feed additives in developing nations. However, competition from Japan and third
world expansion of cGMP capacity continue to result in some price erosion.
Lonza Group also manufactures niacin/niacinamide as well as chromium picolinate and L-
carnitine and its derivatives, which are sold under the Carnipure trademark. The leading form is
Lonza's patented L-carnitine-L-tartrate, according to Reto Rieder, global director, marketing and
sales nutrition. L-carnitine products are sold as dietary supplements and for the animal feed
market.
Other vitamin manufacturers include ADM (vitamin E), Chinook (choline chloride), Eisai Company
(vitamin K1), Kongo Chemical (folic acid), Solvay (vitamin D), and Sumitomo Chemical Company
and Tanabe Seiyaku Company (biotin). Bioproducts Inc., DuCoa, UCB and Akzo Nobel
manufacture choline chloride. Merck KGaA exited the vitamin B6 and biotin businesses in 2000.

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Choline Chloride

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Companies team up for choline chloride

03 February 2014 00:00

Original Source: Chemical and Engineering News,

Taminco confirms plans for choline chloride facility in Louisiana

Consumers concerned with recent FDA warnings about risky

Original Source: First Aid Shot Therapy, 2014. Found on website:

Wilson Therapeutics announces successful filing of US IND to advance WTX101

Wilson Therapeutics has successfully filed an Investigational New

Original Source: Wilson Therapeutics, 2014. Found on website:

First Aid Shot Therapy (FAST) Pain Relief is a berry-flavored,

Medigene AG announces that the European Patent Office has granted

Original Source: Medigene, website:

Taminco to supply Dow

Taminco has signed an agreement to supply choline hydroxide for

Original Source: Speciality Chemicals Magazine,

On 30 Oct 2013, the US Food and Drug Administration announced

Original Source: US Food and Drug Administration, http://www.fda.gov.

Dow and Taminco strike choline deal

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 795/2013 of 21 Aug 2013 concerning the

The European Commission, Having regard to the Treaty on the

Dow AgroSciences and Taminco sign herbicide deal

On 26 Jul 2013, the US Food and Drug Administration announced

Original Source: US Food and Drug Administration, http://www.fda.gov.

Every second a new person in the US develops Alzheimer's disease.

Original Source: BioSpace.com, 2013. From website: http://www.biospace.com.

LR's international product innovation

Rainbow receives 2,4-D patent

The Chinese State Intellectual Property Office has granted a new

Original Source: Outlooks on Pest Management, http://www.researchinformation.co.uk/pest.php, Copyright

US HCG Injections introduces Lipo 7 for weight loss

US HCG Injections launched an alternative to the human chorionic

Original Source: PBR Pharmaceutical Business Review, http://www.pharmaceutical-business-review.com/, Copyright PBR

Balchem Corporation and Van Eeghen Functional Ingredients have

Original Source: NutraCos, http://www.b5srl.com/, Copyright B5 Srl 2013.

Orphan designation: Choline tetrathiomolybdate for the treatment of Wilson's disease

On 24 Jan 2013, orphan designation (EU/3/12/1089) was granted by

Original source: EMA: EMA/COMP/795268/2012: Public summary of opinion on orphan

On 28 Jan 2013, the US Food and Drug Administration announced

Nutricia introduces OTC product for dietary management of Alzheimer's disease

Nutricia unveiled Souvenaid which is over the counter (OTC)

Original Source: PBR Pharmaceutical Business Review, http://www.pharmaceutical-business-review.com/, Copyright PBR

New pharmaceuticals approved by the FDA

A table lists new pharmaceuticals approved by the US Food and

Anti-dumping duty on choline chloride imports from China

The Ministry of Commerce, Government of India has imposed

TPP, Sprint Bioscience partner to develop human cancer therapeutics

TPP Global Development (TPP) has tied up with Sprint Bioscience

Original Source: PBR Pharmaceutical Business Review, http://www.pharmaceutical-business-review.com/, Copyright PBR

New and generic drug approvals: Choline C 11 Injection, Mayo Clinic

On 12 Sep 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration announced

On 12 Sep 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the

Dow AgroSciences scales up 2,4-D choline production

Dow AgroScience has ramped up production of 2,4-D choline,

Dow AgroSciences successfully produces 2,4-D choline

Dow AgroSciences has successfully produced 2,4-D choline in a

Alzheimer's disease pharmaceuticals in clinical studies

An extensive table lists Alzheimer's disease pharmaceuticals

Choline hydroxide; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance

This regulation, issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency

Cosmeceuticals: Where wellness meets beauty. [1 figure in original article]

Among various segments of personal care industry, cosmeceuticals

The European Court of First Instance decided to increase the fine

EU ups BASF vitamin fine

BASF's fine for engaging in a cartel on choline chloride or