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Check For Correctness of Data: 2.2 Design of Right Abutment
Check For Correctness of Data: 2.2 Design of Right Abutment
Dimension of slab and beams (brought from slab sheet) Check for correctness of data
For the design purposes the dimensions of the internal slab is taken as follows:
Length (Lsi) = 2.500 m Hence, effec.span in long.dir. = 2.360 m
Breadth (Bsi) = 2.375 m Hence, effec.span in transv.dir. = 1.825 m
Thickness(Tsi) = 0.230 m
Avg. pavement cover over Slab(Tsp) = 0.075 m
kerb/footpath
breadth = 0.225 m at bottom and 0.225 m at top
height = 1.000 m
For design purpose dimension of cantilever slab is taken as
Length (Lsi) = 1.00 m
Breadth (Bsi) = 0.600 m from c/c of outer girder
Breadth (Bsi) = 0.325 m from outer face of outer main girder
Breadth of carriageway = 1.000 m from c/c of outer girder
1.016 m from outer face of outer main girder
Thickness(Tsi) = 0.230 m at the end
Thickness(Tsi) = 0.230 m at outer face of main girder
Avg. pavement cover over Slab(Tsp) = 0.08 m
i=0 0.200
0.40 CG of Stem from inner vertical face:
A 1= 3.324
0.23 A2= 2.674
Pa d M.A.= 1.327
14.454
A1+A2 = 5.998
0.600 CG = 0.221
b = 90 A
Page 1
Substructure Kondre (right)
No. = 2
Breadth = 0.200 m Height of Return wall H1= 0.7
Length = 6.000 m Height of Return wall H2= 0.4
Total height of abutment = 15.454 m
Approach slab
Length = 5.000 m 16.354
Breadth = 3.000 m -11.354
Thickness = 0.200 m
Foundation is open foundation
Length = 6.000 m
Width 2.750 m Heel 1.000 m 0.750
Toe 1.000 m 0.750
Height of footing = 0.900 1.250
S.N Elements Unit No. L(m) B(m) H(m) Volume Unit Wt Total We from c/c
Dead Load of Superstructure
1 Hand rails 6.368 rm 4 35.60 142.40 0.06 8.54
2 Railing posts cum 18 0.15 0.15 1.00 0.41 24 9.72
3 Wearing course cum 1 35.60 7.50 0.08 20.03 22 440.55
4 Kerbs cum 2 35.60 0.23 1.00 16.02 24 384.48
5 Deck slab i) rectangle cum 1 35.60 2.93 0.23 23.95 24 574.80
ii)trapezoid cum 2 35.60 0.33 0.23 5.32 24 127.73
6 Main Girder i) fillets cum 8 35.60 0.30 0.15 6.41 24 153.79
ii) webs cum 5 35.60 0.60 1.45 154.86 24 ###
7 Internal Cross Girder i) fillets cum 0 1.83 0.15 0.15 0.00 24 0.00
ii) webs cum 0 1.83 0.14 0.07 0.00 24 0.00
8 End Cross Girder i) fillets cum 2 1.83 0.15 0.15 0.04 24 0.99
ii) webs cum 2 1.83 0.14 0.07 0.04 24 0.86
Total Dead load of the superstructure ###
Total DL coming to one abutment = 2709 KN
Page 2
Substructure Kondre (right)
Load due to impact = 664 x 0.1 = 66.4 KN
Live load including impact = 664.0 + 66.4 = 730.4 KN
Out of above three loadings class AA tracked loading gives maximum load to abutment.
Maximum live load to abutment = 730.4 KN
Horizontal Forces due to seismicity are computed using the formula as shown in IS Code 1893 or IRC - 6
F eq = a x b x l x G
The critical case will be when seismic force acts in the direction of traffic. But according to IRC 6-1966 (222.7) "The seismic force due to live load
shall not be considered when acting in the direction of traffic,..".
Page 3
Substructure Kondre (right)
height of the bearing level from the top of base = 14.454 m
Severe moment is produced when the LL is within span. Assume frictional coeff. = 0.225 in free bearing
= 0.2 in other bearing
Frictional resistance at free bearing = 773.9 KN
Substructure
2 DL of abutment(E)
Retaining wall 1367.6 0.00
Return wall - Top section 31.7 -2.21 -69.9
Ballast wall 91.2 -0.01 -0.7
Backfill (BF) 2531 0.00 0.0
Earth pressure (EP) 35062.7786
(EP1) Taking
Rankin's 5704.9 6.49 ###
earth
Due to overburden(EP2) pressure
Frontal passive soil mass (EPp) coefficient.
3 Buoyancy (B)
4 Longitudinal force
4.1 Tractive force (T) 55.40 14.45 800.8
4.2 Due to temperature (F) 85.99 14.45 1242.8
4.3 Wind Load 129.67 15.45 2003.982
4.4 Centrifugal force (CF)
4.5 Thrust due to water current (WC)
4.6 Seismic forces (FS)
on superstructure 130.03 260.07 260.07 15.32 3984.0 3983.994
on abutment 71.54 143.09 143.09 7.73 1105.7 1105.654
Page 4
Substructure Kondre (right)
on live load 42.05 16.95 712.8818
from backfill 121.51 243.011 243.0111 7.727 1877.7 1877.746
Note: Moment is taken at the critical section at the bottom of the ABUTMENT
Design of the returning wall will be done based on normal loading condition, but checked on maximum loading
Design parameters
Vertical force = 4638 KN
Long. Moment = 40508 KN-m (Under combination group IV the permissible increase of stress is
50%, hence Combination I governs the design longitudinal
moment)
Substructures are designed using M20 concrete and Fe415 steel reinforcement
Page 5
Substructure Kondre (right)
Approximate Area of Steel reinforcement required is calculated considering singly reinforced beam theory
At the frontal face, the design moment is greatly reduced because of lack of earth pressure.
Therefore on this side provide only 50 % of the main reinforcement
Distribution re-bar
Providing 0.12% of cross sectional area = 0.0012 x 600 x 1000= 720 mm2
Check for stresses (For seismic condition) Parameters for RCC design
Conccrete M20 sck = 20 N/mm2
Normal Thrust , W = 7492018 N Steel sy = 415 N/mm2
Bending Moment = ### N-mm
Ecentricity, e = 6336.850 mm > 128.125 mm
breadth, b = 9500 mm m= 0.0
Total depth , D = 600 mm
Effective depth, d = 512.5 mm
Compressive steel cover, dc = 75 mm Ac = 29359 mm2
Tensile steel cover, dt = 75 mm At = 45873.44 mm2
Permissible shear stress without shear reinforcement tcmax =2.8 Mpa for M20 concrete
Where, As = Area of Steel provided in mm 2
Page 6
Substructure Kondre (right)
RCC balast wall (as shown in the figure) monolithic to the abutment has been designed.
0.40 m
1.000 m
CALCULATION OF DEAD LOAD STRESSES
Dead load from the approach slab (triangular portion) = 36 KN
= 3.78947368 KN/m
Horizontal Load due to braking of train of vehicle class A vehicle, T =(0.2 ) x(27+114*2) = 51.0 KN
(Front vehicle only considered) = 5.4 KN/m
Moment given due to the forces on the critical section I - I at the base of the ballast wall
åM = ( LL + I) x e + T x h + Ep x h /3 =
= 17.92 KN-m/m
Provide 12 mm dia bars @ 200 c/c for the continuation of bar from retaining wall
Area of steel provided = 565.2 mm2/m
Provide 12 mm dia bars @ 200 c/c on the opposite face
Area of steel provided = 565.2 mm2/m
Horizontal links are provided of 12 mm dia. bars @ 200 c/c
Page 7
Substructure Kondre (right)
From Table 19 of IS 456-200 ok
2.1.4 DESIGN OF RETURN WALLS
These will be monolithic with the back wall. They are joined together through 300 mm x 300 mm fillets.
The loads acting on the wing wall (return wall) would be earth pressure and horizontal force to kerb as specified in the code.
All the stresses are calculated for the critical section I-I at the bottom face of the abutment
Dead load of the returnwall = 6.000 x 0.550 x 0.200 x 24 = 15.84 KN
= 2.64 KN/m
Vert. LL from Class A load = 168.72 KN 56.24 KN/m
Add Impact due to LL @ 0.25= 42.18 KN 14.06 KN/m
Total horz. uniformly distributed load = 24.07 + 0.94 + 7.5 = 32.51 KN/m
Total Moment = 433.26 + 17.00 + 135.000 = 585.26
depth required = ÖM /( 0.138σck b ) = 620.925 mm
where b = ( 700 + 400 ) / 2 = 550 mm
Provide overall depth = 650 mm
Page 8
Substructure Kondre (right)
act at cg of abutment = 0.45 m
Seismic force due to back fill = 0.096 x 1669.0 = 160.23 KN
act at cg of backfill = 8.627 m from the bottom of foundation base
SUMMARY OF LOADS FOR DESIGN OF FOUNDATION
Substructure
2 DL of abutment(E)
Retaining wall 1367.64 1.3 1777.93
Return wall 31.68 3.5 111.118
Ballast wall 91.20 1.3 118.56
Note: Moment is taken about the toe for check against overturning .
403.82
For Normal condition For Seismic condition
P= 6663 KN P= 6962 KN
Mnet = Mr-Mo= -37465.9179 Mnet = Mr-Mo= -39859 KN-m
x = Mnet/P= -5.6229806 x = Mnet/P= -5.72538 m
e = b/2-x'= 6.9979806 > b/6, hence tesion e = b/2-x'= 7.10 > b/6, hence tesion
Pmax=P/A*(1+6*e/b) = 6569.444 KN/m2 Pmax=P/A*(1+6*e/b) = 6958.3 KN/m2
Pmin=P/A*(1-6*e/b) = -5761.807 KN/m2 Pmin=P/A*(1-6*e/b) = -6114 KN/m2
Where, A=b x d = 16.5 m2
CHECK AGAINST OVERTURNING
Case: Normal
Factor of Safety against overturning =Mres/Mov= 8587.12269 / 46053 = 0.2 > 2.0 Safe
Case: Seismic
Factor of Safety against overturning =Mres/Mov= 8587.12269 / 48446 = 0.2 >1.5 Safe
Page 9
Substructure Kondre (right)
(f= 0.45 soil/concrete)
Case: Seismic
The minimum vertical force will be when there is no live load and the front backfill is washed out = ###
The resisting force againest sliding = (vertical force) x (coefficient of friction b/w concrete and soil)
= 6523.80 x 0.45 = 2935.71 KN
The sliding force is the horizontal forces = 7072.32 KN
Hence, Factor of Safety against sliding =Pres/Psl= 2935.71 / 7072.3 = 0.415 >1.25 Hence Safe
STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF FOUNDATION
E D
C
A F G B
Design of toe slab:
KN/m2
-5761.8
Wt of toe slab = 21.6 KN/m2 1412.739 -1277.72
6569.44
1.000 m 0.600 m 1.000 m
2.75 m
Pressure distribution diagram
concrete grede : M 20
1391.1
Steel grade : Fe 415
6547.84
3969
Permissible shear stress without shear reinforcement tcmax =2.8 Mpa for M20 concrete
Where, k1 = 1.14 - 0.7 d >= 0.5 ( d in m ) 0.5 m
Where, As = Area of Steel provided in mm2
b = width of abutment vertical wall and d = thickness of abutment wall p= 0.037% 0.04
tc = basic values given for different p% of Steel provided = 0.280 N/mm2 < 5.259 N/mm2
From Table 19 of IS 456-200 Not ok. Revise section or provide shear re-bar
Page 10
Substructure Kondre (right)
d= ÖM /( 0.138σck b ) 908.862 mm
Adopt D= 600 mm
d= 500 mm
Ast = Mu/ (0.87xσy x 0.7984 x d) = 15818 mm2 Minimum reinforc. as per code = 1000 mm2
Using 16 mm dia bar, specing = 13 mm
Adopt 16 mm dia bar, specing = 150 mm c/c Area of re-bar provided = 1339.7 mm2
Distribution re-bar
0.12/100 x 900 = 1080 mm2/runnig meter
Using 12 mm dia bar, specing = 209.3 mm
Adopt 12 mm dia bar, specing = 200 mm c/c at top and bottom
Since the load on the heel is predominantly downward, it induces tensile reactio at its junction with stem.
Hence the critical section for shear for the heel slab is considered at the face of support.
Shear force V = 22874.002 KN b= 6.00 m
Shear stress = V/(b d) = 7.625 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress without shear reinforcement tcmax =2.8 N/mm2 Mpa for M20 concrete
Where, k1 = 1.14 - 0.7 d >= 0.5 ( d in m )
Where, As = Area of Steel provided in mm2
b = width of abutment vertical wall and d = thickness of abutment wall p= 0.037% 0.04
tc = basic values given for different p% of Steel provided =
From Table 19 of IS 456-200 0.28 N/mm2 < 7.6247 N/mm2 Not ok. Revise s
Page 11
Substructure Kondre (right)
Page 12
Substructure Kondre (right)
i i
Pa
Ws Pa
d 90-b
i
Weight of soil is not
to be considered in b b
Coulumb's Theroy. Coulomb Rankin
Weight of soil is also to
be considered in Rankin's
i F b d Theroy.
0 30 90 20 a
Page 13
Substructure Kondre (right)
Decrease specing !
Page 14
Substructure Kondre (right)
Page 15
Substructure Kondre (right)
Page 16
Substructure Kondre (right)
Page 17
Dimension of slab and beams (brought from slab sheet) Check for correctness of data
For the design purposes the dimensions of the internal slab is taken as follows:
Length (Lsi) = 8.600 m Hence, effec.span in long.dir. =
Breadth (Bsi) = 3.600 m Hence, effec.span in transv.dir. =
Thickness(Tsi) = 0.200 m
Avg. pavement cover over Slab(Tsp) = 0.070 m
kerb/footpath
breadth = 1.000 m at bottom and 0.225 m at top
height = 0.500 m
For design purpose dimension of cantilever slab is taken as
Length (Lsi) = 1.00 m
Breadth (Bsi) = 0.600 m from c/c of outer girder
Breadth (Bsi) = 0.300 m from outer face of outer main girder
Breadth of carriageway = 2.400 m from c/c of outer girder
0.300 m from outer face of outer main girder
Thickness(Tsi) = 0.200 m at the end
Thickness(Tsi) = 0.200 m at outer face of main girder
Avg. pavement cover over Slab(Tsp) = 0.07 m
3.100
0.750 b = 90 CG = 0.339
A
Approach slab
Length = 5.000 m 5.000
Breadth = 3.000 m 0.000
Thickness = 0.200 m
Foundation is open foundation
Length = 6.000 m
Width 2.750 m Heel 1.000 m 0.750
Toe 1.000 m 0.750
Height of footing = 0.900 1.250
Out of above three loadings class AA tracked loading gives maximum load to abutment.
Maximum live load to abutment = 1085.6 KN
Horizontal Forces due to seismicity are computed using the formula as shown in IS Code 1893 or IRC - 6
F eq = a x b x l xG
The critical case will be when seismic force acts in the direction of traffic. But according to IRC 6-1966 (222.7) "The seismic force due to l
load shall not be considered when acting in the direction of traffic,..".
Severe moment is produced when the LL is within span. Assume frictional coeff. = 0.225
= 0.2
Frictional resistance at free bearing = 310.9 KN
S.No
. Load Vertical (KN) Horizontal (KN)
Longit. dir Later.
1 Superstructure
1.1 Dead load of SS(D) 296.1
1.2 Live Load of SS (L) including impact 438.0
Substructure
2 DL of abutment(E)
Retaining wall 301.3
Return wall - Top section 31.7
Ballast wall 28.8
Backfill (BF) 413
Earth pressure (EP) 413.526
(EP1) Taking
Rankin's 253.6
earth
Due to overburden(EP2) pressure
Frontal passive soil mass (EPp) coefficient.
3 Buoyancy (B)
4 Longitudinal force
4.1 Tractive force (T) 55.40
4.2 Due to temperature (F) 34.54
4.3 Wind Load 68.50
4.4 Centrifugal force (CF)
4.5 Thrust due to water current (WC)
4.6 Seismic forces (FS)
on superstructure 14.21 28.42 28.42
on abutment 17.37 34.73 34.73
on live load 42.05
from backfill 19.84 39.6749 39.67488
Note: Moment is taken at the critical section at the bottom of the ABUTMENT
Design of the returning wall will be done based on normal loading condition, but checked on maximum loading
Design parameters
Vertical force = 1096 KN
Long. Moment = 753 KN-m (Under combination group IV the permissible increase of stress is
50%, hence Combination I governs the design longitudinal
moment)
Substructures are designed using M20 concrete and Fe415 steel reinforcement
At the frontal face, the design moment is greatly reduced because of lack of earth pressure.
Therefore on this side provide only 50 % of the main reinforcement
Distribution re-bar
Providing 0.12% of cross sectional area = 0.0012 x 750 x 1000= 900
Check for stresses (For seismic condition) Parameters for RCC design
Conccrete M20 sck =
Normal Thrust , W = 1560553 N Steel sy =
Bending Moment = ### N-mm
Ecentricity, e = 643.948 mm > 165.625 mm
breadth, b = 6000 mm m= 0.0
Total depth , D = 750 mm
Effective depth, d = 662.5 mm
Compressive steel cover, dc = 75 mm Ac = 18369 mm2
Tensile steel cover, dt = 75 mm At = 28701.56 mm2
Permissible shear stress without shear reinforcement tcmax =2.8 Mpa for M20 concrete
Where, As = Area of Steel provided in mm 2
RCC balast wall (as shown in the figure) monolithic to the abutment has been designed.
0.20 m 1.000 m
Moment given due to the forces on the critical section I - I at the base of the ballast wall
åM = ( LL + I) x e + T x h + Ep x h /3 =
= 27.76 KN-m/m
Provid 12 mm dia bars @ 200 c/c for the continuation of bar from retaining wall
Area of steel provided = 565.2 mm2/m
Provid 12 mm dia bars @ 200 c/c on the opposite face
Area of steel provided = 565.2 mm2/m
Horizontal links are provided of 12 mm dia. bars @ 200 c/c
These will be monolithic with the back wall. They are joined together through 300 mm x 300 mm fillets.
The loads acting on the wing wall (return wall) would be earth pressure and horizontal force to kerb as specified in the code.
All the stresses are calculated for the critical section I-I at the bottom face of the abutment
Dead load of the returnwall = 6.000 x 0.550 x 0.200
Substructure
2 DL of abutment(E)
Retaining wall 301.32 1.4
Return wall 31.68 3.7
Ballast wall 28.80 1.4
Note: Moment is taken about the toe for check against overturning .
E D
A F G
Design of toe slab:
KN/m2
1.000 m 0.750 m
2.75 m
Pressure distribution diagram
concrete grede :
Steel grade :
122.4
200.17
200.17
161.3
Shear force at critical section V = 542.20 KN b= 6.00 m
Shear stress = V/(b d) = 0.181 N/mm 2
Permissible shear stress without shear reinforcement tcmax =2.8 Mpa for M20 concrete
Where, k1 = 1.14 - 0.7 d >= 0.5 ( d in m ) 0.5 m
Where, As = Area of Steel provided in mm2
b = width of abutment vertical wall and d = thickness of abutment wall p= 0.037%
tc = basic values given for different p% of Steel provided = 0.280 N/mm2 >
From Table 19 of IS 456-200 ok. Shear re-bar is not necessary.
Since the load on the heel is predominantly downward, it induces tensile reactio at its junction with stem.
Hence the critical section for shear for the heel slab is considered at the face of support.
Shear force V = 248.3274 KN b= 6.00 m
Shear stress = V/(b d) = 0.083 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress without shear reinforcement tcmax =2.8 N/mm2 Mpa for M20 concrete
Where, k1 = 1.14 - 0.7 d >= 0.5 ( d in m )
Where, As = Area of Steel provided in mm2
b = width of abutment vertical wall and d = thickness of abutment wall p= 0.037%
tc = basic values given for different p% of Steel provided =
8.000 m
3.000 m
0.000
5.000 ###
0.06 2.06
24 2.70
22 39.73
24 126.42
24 123.84
24 24.77
24 18.58
24 204.34
24 0.00
24 0.00
24 1.30
24 48.38
592.12
296.1 KN
0.000 m
2.338 m
0.238 m
i
Pa
Ws
d 90-b
Weight of soil is not
to be considered in b b
Coulumb's Theroy. Coulomb
i F b d
0 30 90 20
KN
93 or IRC - 6
= 28.42 KN
0.75 / 2 =
= 34.73 KN
39.6749 KN
in free bearing
in other bearing
7.3 KN
61.2 KN
0.16 47.7
0.16 70.6
0.00
-2.34 -74.1
-0.24 -6.8
0.00 0.0
1.72 436.7
3.10 171.7
3.10 107.1
4.10 280.85
752.9 280.9
1004.9 487.5
le increase of stress is
gn longitudinal
Decrease spacing !
ok
mm2
at both faces. ok
x 24 = 15.84 KN
= 2.64 KN/m
KN/m
= 32.51 KN/m
Decrease specing !
62.8613 KN/m
KN
KN
= 34.214 KN
= 42.509 KN
from the bottom of foundation base
M[r] M(o)
KN-m KN-m
359.382
531.683
414.315
117.612
39.6
996.3
-792.05
490.05
-221.6
-138.17
-49.738
-35.601
0
-7.6982
-62.7
2948.94 -1152
2949 -1086
114.85
eismic condition
KN
1862.99 KN-m
0.94809 m
0.43 ok
=P/A*(1+6*e/b) = 230.02 KN/m2
=P/A*(1-6*e/b) = 8.1638 KN/m2
### KN
KN
###
KN
B
7.9
1.000 m
M 20
Fe 415
87.1259
rc. as per code = 1000 mm2
0.04
0.181 N/mm2
80
1000 mm2
0.0828 N/mm2 ok
i
Pa
i
Rankin
Weight of soil is also to
be considered in Rankin's
Theroy.
a
theory is applicable: