FIELD RERPORT

Abid Owais

FA18-GEO-001

D r – Nangyal Ghani

DEPARTMENT OF EARTH
SCIENCES

Assistant professor

19 /08 / 2020
Field report

Table of Contents
1 Acknowledge...................................................................................................................................4
2 Introduction....................................................................................................................................4
3 Physiography of the Area................................................................................................................4
4 Objective of over Field....................................................................................................................4
5 Subject/Aspect to be covered........................................................................................................5
6 Methodology..................................................................................................................................5
7 Identification of Rocks.....................................................................................................................5
8 Observation on field General..........................................................................................................6
8.1 Stratigraphy...........................................................................................................................6
8.2 Observation Day vise..............................................................................................................6
9 Day 1 Review..................................................................................................................................7
9.1 Characteristics........................................................................................................................7
9.1.1 Fault Identity...................................................................................................................7
9.2 Stratigraphy...........................................................................................................................7
9.3 Station 1.................................................................................................................................7
9.3.1 Hazara Formation...........................................................................................................7
9.4 Station 2.................................................................................................................................8
9.4.1 Samanasuk Formtion......................................................................................................8
9.5 Station 3.................................................................................................................................8
9.5.1 Chichali Shale..................................................................................................................8
9.5.2 Lumshiwal Formation.....................................................................................................9
9.5.3 Kawagarh Formation......................................................................................................9
9.6 Station 4.................................................................................................................................9
9.6.1 Hangu Formation...........................................................................................................9
9.6.2 Lockhar Formation.........................................................................................................9
9.6.3 Patala Formation...........................................................................................................10
9.6.4 Margala Hill Formation.................................................................................................10
9.6.5 Chorgali Formation........................................................................................................11
9.6.6 Kuldana Formation.........................................................................................................11
9.7 Unconformities.......................................................................................................................11
9.8 Station 5................................................................................................................................12

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Field report
9.9 Bagnotar Fault........................................................................................................................12
9.9.1 Characteristics................................................................................................................13
10 Day 2 Review.............................................................................................................................13
10.1 Station 1................................................................................................................................13
10.1.1 Panjal Fault:...................................................................................................................13
10.1.2 Stratigraphy....................................................................................................................13
10.2 Station 2................................................................................................................................14
10.2.1 Hazara Formation..........................................................................................................14
10.2.2 Abbotabad formation.....................................................................................................14
10.3 Station 3................................................................................................................................14
10.3.1 Tanawal Formation........................................................................................................14
10.4 Station 4................................................................................................................................14
10.4.1 Section Measurement:...................................................................................................14
10.5 Station 5................................................................................................................................15
10.5.1 Economic Geology.........................................................................................................15
10.5.2 Soan formation..............................................................................................................15
10.5.3 Structure Geology and tectonics.....................................................................................15
10.5.4 Unconformities...............................................................................................................15
10.6 Station 6................................................................................................................................15
10.6.1 Quiz Performance..........................................................................................................15
11 Day 3........................................................................................................................................16
11.1 Station 1................................................................................................................................16
11.1.1 Stratigraphy....................................................................................................................16
11.2 Station 2................................................................................................................................17
11.2.1 Algal Limestone.............................................................................................................17
11.3 Station 3................................................................................................................................17
11.3.1 Samana suk Formation...................................................................................................17
11.3.2 Chichali Shale.................................................................................................................17
11.3.3 Lumshiwal Formation.....................................................................................................18
11.3.4 Kawagarh Formation......................................................................................................18
11.4 Station 1................................................................................................................................18
11.4.1 Sedimentary structure....................................................................................................18
11.5 Station 1................................................................................................................................19
11.5.1 Structure Geology and tectonics.....................................................................................19
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12 Day 4........................................................................................................................................20
12.1 Station 1................................................................................................................................20
Field report
12.1.1 Stratigraphy....................................................................................................................20
12.1.2 Unconformity.................................................................................................................22
12.1.3 Igneous and metamorphic..............................................................................................22
12.1.4 Economic Geology.........................................................................................................22
12.1.5 Structure Geology and Tectonics....................................................................................22
13 Day 5........................................................................................................................................23
13.1 Stratigraphy...........................................................................................................................23
13.1.1 Abbotabad Formation....................................................................................................23
13.2 Structure Geology and Tectonics............................................................................................23
13.3 Economic Geology.................................................................................................................23
14 Conclusion.................................................................................................................................23

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1 Acknowledge:
I am very thanking full to my department because they provide us a good teachers and good
opportunities for field. Especially thanks to Dr- Nangyal Ghani by these we are able to learn.

2 Introduction:
The area was easily accessible for field on a local transport. We went to the field over university
transport. At very first day we went through Abbotabad to N a t h i a g a l i . The field was five
days and the next day went to shiwan road, Lora-Jabri road, salhad-Chakai and at last day
visited to Haripur section.

3 Physiography of the Area:

Hazara is the North-Eastern p a r t of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is
located east of the Indus River and comprises seven
districts: AbbotabadBattagram, Haripur, Mansehra, Upper Kohistan, Lower Kohistan, and
Torghar.

4 Objective of over Field:

To get the basic knowledge of field skills we use the Brunton compass, outcrop analysis and
geological mapping, section measurement, correlation, litho-columns.

 Measurement of Dip and Strike and interpretation of the structure of the area.

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  Relationship between t h e Tectonic, Structures, Stratigraphy and Geomorphology of the
area.
 To identify the Rock lithology and its type section.
 To observe the Physical feature.
 Recognition of mineral in the natural form.
 Identification of fossils.

5 Subject/Aspect to be covered:
 Stratigraphy
 Paleontology
 Structure Geology
 Tectonics
 Economic Geology
 Mapping and survey
 Engineering Geology
 Geomorphology

6 Methodology:
Locate our self in field:

 Place the map into smooth surface.

 Put the Brunton compass on the map and locate the North direction.

7 Identification of Rocks:
 Lime stone
 Sand stone
 Shale
 Quartzite
 Dolomite
 Slate
 Clay stone

Concept of brunton compass Dip/strike:

Dip: It is the angle of inclination of rocks.

Strike: It is the attitude of rocks and shows the extension of rock.

Brunton compass: It is the instrument to measure the Dip and strike of the strata or bed.

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8 Observation on field General:

8.1 Stratigraphy:
Generalized Lithostratigraphic chart of Abbottabad-Galyat Area

8.2 Observation Day vise:

We have four tectonic Himayas zone.

Tethyan

Higher Himalayas, Geater Himalayas

Lesser Himalayas, Lower Himalayas

Sub Himalayas

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9 Day 1 Review:
Generally over fied in the North Pakistan and we are in the lesser Himalayas zone. Based on
major boundary faults which is Main central Thrust where several faults observed, Like Batal
Fault and Bana Fault.

9.1 Characteristics:
High Pressured Metamorphic rocks thrusted over the low pressure metamorphic rocks.

9.1.1 Fault Identity:

Age Gap (age dating)

Truncation of strata (cut Strata)

Older rocks are placed over the younger.

9.2 Stratigraphy:
The first Formation we observed in the Muree Road.

9.3 Station 1
Precambrian:

9.3.1 Hazara Formation:

Lithology: Slates, pelites sandstone, Shale and qurtzites with a horizon of gypsum and two
limestone beds.

9.3.1.1 Environment:
They are made by the metamorphism of shale.

They have the slaty cleavage (smooth surface)

9.3.1.2 Locality:
Majorly in muree road we observe the Slates sequence which is oldest Precambrian and the
younger sequence is Limestone.

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9.4 Station 2
Jurassic:

9.4.1 Samanasuk Formtion:

Lithology: Limestone with dolomite patches and oolites.

It is perfectly bedded.

9.5 Station 3
Cretaceous:

9.5.1 Chichali Shale:

Lithology: Dark grey shales (carbonaceous) which is dominantly with sandstone beds.

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9.5.2 Lumshiwal Formation:
Lithology: Grey to brownish coarse glauconitic sandstone.

9.5.3 Kawagarh Formation:

Lithology: Fine grained light grey limestone (no oolites).

9.6 Station 4
Paleocene:

9.6.1 Hangu Formation:

Lithology: Sandstone, clay stone, Laterite, Nodular Limestone bed.

9.6.2 Lockhar Formation:

Lithology: Thick bedded Nodular foraminifera grey limestone.

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9.6.3 Patala Formation:
Lithology: Greenish grey/khaki shales with limestime.

Eocene:

9.6.4 Margala Hill Formation:

Lithology: Nodular foraminifera grey limestone.

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9.6.5 Chorgali Formation:
Lithology: Thinly bedded limestone with Marl and shale.

9.6.6 Kuldana Formation:

Lithology: Dominantly variegated shale.

9.7 Unconformities:
Regional unconformity: This preserved all over the world.

Collision of Kohistan ladakh with Karakoram

Ophiolites, (mental section) in placement

Dargai ophiolites in placement

Waziristan ophiolites(tira valley)

Deccan volcanism

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Earth quake ophiolites

9.8 Station 5
Section Measurement:

Hangu Formation-Margala Hill Limestone

Structure Geology and Tectonics:

9.9 Bagnotar Fault:

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9.9.1 Characteristics:
It is located near “Bagnotar” area. This Fault is between the Precambrian Hazra slates and the
Jurassic samana suk Formation.

10 Day 2 Review:
On day two we visited to the North-West in lesser Himalayas zone Shirwan road. In this area
observed the fault between the inner lesser Himalayas and the outer lesser Himalayas which
is Panjal Fault.

10.1 Station 1

10.1.1 Panjal Fault:

Importance: Hanging wall and foot wall is different in strata.

Hanging wall is inner Lesser Himalayas

Foot wall is outer Lesser Himalayas

Basement stratigraphy change

Hanging wall Oldest Hazara Formation overlying Tanawal Formation and Cambrian
Abbottabad

Footwall Hazara formation overlying Cambrian Abbottabad

10.1.2 Stratigraphy:
On shirwan road we first observe the formation is Hazara formation and then the major
unconformity with Abbottabad formation where the Tanawal formation is missing.

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10.2 Station 2

10.2.1 Hazara Formation:

On shirwan road Hazara formation on the left side of the road

Lithology: Slates, pelites sandstone, Shale and qurtzites with a horizon of gypsum and two
limestone beds.

10.2.2 Abbottabad formation:

Lithology: Dolomite with sandstone, shale in lower part and bolder beds at base, calcareous
siltstone and shale/quartzite.

10.3 Station 3

10.3.1 Tanawal Formation:

Lithology: Qurtzite and quartz mica schist’s with 500Ma intruded granite

10.4 Station 4

10.4.1 Section Measurement:

We are performing section measurement exercises on shirwan road. Section measurement
exercise of Hazara slates which have well cleavages and then lower part of Abbottabad
formation and so on up to the top sequence quartzite.

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10.5 Station 5

10.5.1 Economic Geology:

10.5.2 Soan formation:

Hydrothermal fluid, Dorik Dike

10.5.3 Structure Geology and tectonics:

Joint Plane, Fault Plane and fractures in Hazara slates.

10.5.4 Unconformities:
The contect between the Hazara formation and Abbottabad formation is unconformable.
Where the Tanawal formation is missing the unconformity is angular.

10.6 Station 6

10.6.1 Quiz Performance:

Quiz place is shirwan syncline.

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11 Day 3
The day three field starts along the Lora-Jabri road. This area the Hazara group also extent
and also has its all formations along with some other formations. We observe structures and
perform the various exercises.

11.1 Station 1

11.1.1 Stratigraphy

11.1.1.1 Hazara formation:

On over first station we observe on left side of the road is sandstone along with some
structures discuses below.

Lithology: Slates, pelites sandstone, Shale and qurtzites with a horizon of gypsum and two
limestone beds.

11.1.1.2 Pumas structure:

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11.2 Station 2

11.2.1 Algal Limestone:

This Limestone is Precambrian and also observed its appearance sticky surface due
to cyanobacteria and blue green algae.

Organo sedimentary structure, cabbage head structure and not physical structure

Carbonate deposits and preserve gesture

Locality: Langrial village

11.3 Station 3
Jurassic:

11.3.1 Samana suk Formation:

Lithology: Limestone with dolomite patches and oolites.

It is perfectly bedded.

Cretaceous:

Locality: Jabri pull

11.3.2 Chichali Shale:

Lithology: Dark grey shales (carbonaceous) which is dominantly with sandstone beds.

Fossils: Belemnite

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11.3.3 Lumshiwal Formation:
Lithology: Grey to brownish coarse glauconitic sandstone.

11.3.4 Kawagarh Formation:

Lithology: Fine grained light grey limestone (no oolites).

11.4 Station 1

11.4.1 Sedimentary structure:

11.4.1.1 Ripple Mark:

With help of ripple mark we find the younging direction.

11.4.1.2 Load cost:

Mark on the bottom of the bed. In other words we can say it is opposite to the ripple mark.

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11.5 Station 1

11.5.1 Structure Geology and tectonics:

Cross bedding and low angle, greater than 150 then cross bedding and less than 150 Low
angles.

11.5.1.1 Fracture:
We are calculating the different fracture data by using different conditions.

Circle Inventory Method (circle the fracture)

Scan Line Method (Line data)

Rectangle Method (draw a rectangle)

Plumose Marking/Structure (common in slates)

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12 Day 4:
The day four starts from the Salhad road and observer the Abbottabad formation and samana
suk lime stone. The next station on which we are on the hanging wall of the panjal fault at
some distance we observe some economic minerals and some igneous bodies.

12.1 Station 1

12.1.1 Stratigraphy

12.1.1.1 Abbottabad Formation:

Lithology: clay stone, silt stone and glauconitic sand stone. Base of Abbottabad formation is
composed of Diamctite deposits (Glassier Deposits), Shale (Drop stone), Fine clays (Clasts).

Gracious Deposits

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12.1.1.2 Samana suk Formation:
Lithology: Limestone with dolomite patches and oolites

Fossils: Brachiodes, forams, byozone.

12.1.1.3 Tanawal Formation:

Lithology: Quartzite and quartz mica schist with 500Ma intruded granite

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12.1.2 Unconformity:
Disconformable contact between the Lower members of Abbottabad group is Hazira
Formation with the Jurassic samana suk formation. This unconformity is equallent to Tanaki
conglomerates.

12.1.3 Igneous and metamorphic:

12.1.4 Economic Geology:

Phosphate deposits Abbottabad Formation

Storm deposits Hamaki cross bedded

Letrite, Berite deposits

12.1.5 Structure Geology and Tectonics:

Shirwan Singcline in Abbottabad Formation

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13 Day 5:
The day five field is over last field we are start over field from the Aloli area and observe the
Abbottabad formation best view and observe some Structural features and some economic
geology also observe. Finally sir takes the quiz which is awesome.

13.1 Stratigraphy:

13.1.1 Abbottabad Formation:

Lithology: Dolomite with sandstone, shale in lower part and bolder beds at base, calcareous
siltstone and shale/quartzite

13.2 Structure Geology and Tectonics:

Strike slips Fault:

Characteristics:

Fault formed in shallow or deeper. Milonite (Deep) and have pseudotrachyte (Rock with
glassy texture) and calcarieous tuff.

Translational Fault

Oblique Slip Fault

Silken Lines

Angular Deformation

13.3 Economic Geology:

Barite Mineralization (High density furnaces)

14 Conclusion:
The overall field result is we learn how to field, identification of rocks and other stratigraphy
of the Hazara Division. We observe faults and other structural features like folds, faults

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outcrops, anticlines and syncline. Some economic geology and igneous geology features also
observe and learn knowledge about it in the field. My suggestion to department is to provide
us soil machines and engineering geology field also that is why we are able to work on field
with civil engineers also. Finally I am thanking to COMSATS university Abbottabad campus
and especially of over department and respected teachers by that we are able to learn.

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