Vocabulary: Joining The Group / Witness / Explorers

Joining the group / Witness / Explorers
VOCABULARY
Absorbing Very interesting and enjoyable.
Among Included in, one of.
Audition A chance for people to show their talent.
The way directors of a play or film choose the actors.
Background 1. The environment a person grew up in. Family history.
2. Not the direct focus of a picture or issue. Something behind the
main focal point.
Better late than An expression used to say that although something happened
never. later than expected, it is good that it finally happened.
Biography The story of a person's life written by someone other than the
person himself.
Chairman A position of great responsibility in a company.
The person who is in control of a meeting.
Civil service The group of people who work for the Government.
Communism A political belief system where all property is owned by the
people. Karl Marx was a famous defender of this concept.
Crisis A very serious or critical situation.
Description Definition, explanation, detail of something.
Doubt An uncertainty about something.
Drive Motivation and energy.
Referring to a house, a place to park a car in front of the house
and off the road.
Essay A short piece of writing on a particular subject.
Exhausted Very tired.
Explorer A person who tries to find new countries or places.
Fiction Not a fact, imaginary.
Freelance journalist Someone who writes for various newspapers and magazines but
is self-employed.
Fulfilling Satisfying, rewarding.
Hardship Financial difficulty, bad luck, unfortunate circumstances.
Horrified Feeling especially disturbed or horrific.
Journalism The industry associated with people who write for newspapers
and magazines.
Lamppost / Street A tall light on the street.
light
Legendary Famous, very well known.
Masseur / Masseuse A person who gives massages as their job.
Matter Problem.
E.g.: What's the matter?
Substance or material.
Copyright © CAE Computer Aided USA Corporation - Computer Aided Elearning, S.A.
Motorist Someone who is driving a motor vehicle.

Obsessed Overly preoccupied, unable to think about something else.
Pleasure Enjoyment, happiness.
Prospects Hope for the future, opportunities.
Qualified Having official certificates to prove a certain skill.
Remarkable Surprising, incredible.
Revolution A radical political or social change.
Satirical Using a type of humor where the objects of criticism are
portrayed in a negative light.
Straight Without delay; immediately.
In a direct way or by a direct route.
The former The previous, the one before.
The latter The one after.
Theme Topic or general idea (often linked to art and literature).
To chase To follow someone or something to catch it.
To deal with To manage a situation effectively.
To found To establish or start.
To get up to To do something that is not right.
To introduce To cause one person to meet another.
To manage to To do and achieve something difficult.
To meet To have a first encounter with someone.
To pursue To go after, to follow.
To remember To recall by memory about events that have occured in the past.
To reply To respond to or answer a question, letter, email, etc.
To run into To meet by chance, without previous arrangement.
To specialize To focus on a certain subject and study it.
To witness To see something with one's own eyes.
Valid Legal or correct.
Vivid Clear.
Without Opposite of "with".
Youth The period of life when we are young.
VOCABULARY SENTENCES
The theme of tonight's debate is, "Does science have all the answers?"
He comes from a rural background.
If all the protests and demonstrations keep up, the next step could be a revolution. People
are getting really angry about the current situation.
I don't recommend visiting this country as there is a political crisis.
In some countries, it's considered an honor to work in the civil service.
I'm looking for a job with prospects of promotion.
I think I did OK in the audition, but there were hundreds of us up for the part, so I'm not
getting my hopes up too high.
Also available is the beauty consultant's room - inhabited a few days every week by a
qualified aromatherapy masseuse.
Now ladies and gentlemen, we're here today to discuss the role of journalism in the modern
world. Should we forget about traditional newspapers and all start writing for internet
editions, or should we fight to keep papers in print?
He is a freelance journalist who contributes to various magazines.
I was horrified when I saw the check.
She is a qualified nurse.
She's absolutely obsessed with that pop star.
I hate driving on long, straight roads, it's so boring.
He must be reading a very absorbing story.
In my opinion, it is more important that work should be fulfilling than well-paid.
Dr. Martin specialized in tropical diseases.
I'll pass your call through to the manager as he's the person who deals with complaints
about service.
We founded this company ten years ago today so I think I speak for myself and Liz when I
say that we're very happy to be opening our newest and biggest branch here in London.
You look guilty about something. What have you been getting up to while I was away?
Your test was remarkable; the best in the class, in fact.
Don Quixote is legendary among lovers of Spanish literature.
And now a few words from the chairman of our society.
He pursued fame in the movies, but without much success.
She wrote an essay about her experiences in South America.

She and her family have suffered great hardship.
Do you think you have the necessary drive to run a school in a poor area?
I'm not usually a big fan of biographies, but this one is particularly interesting as it's about
our last president. I didn't realize what a sports enthusiast he was.
Our publishing house is one of the most respected fiction publishers in Europe; you won't
regret signing up with us.
Have you got any good books on communism? I need to brush up on my political history.
The stand up comedy show was fantastic. The comedian was really satirical and was
making fun of public figures.
It was a very vivid dream; I can remember every detail.
I try to buy food that doesn't have too many artificial ingredients and always without lots of
added salt and sugar.
Among my friends there are several artists.
He speaks German and Italian; in the former he is fluent but in the latter he needs more
practice.
You can chase me as long as you like, you'll never catch me!
Look! Read the description. It says this is a light cake that is ideal for people who are
watching their weight.
The police want to ask you a few questions about what you witnessed when you
interrupted the robbers.
A motorist is a person who drives a vehicle.
What do you think of the new lampposts? Personally, I reckon they're too modern for the
old part of town.
He traveled widely in his youth.
The test was very difficult, but she managed to pass it.
I'm afraid I don't remember your name.
I think that many children dream of being explorers when they grow up, but few like the
idea when they are older.
You look exhausted. What have you been doing?
This coin isn't valid, it's a fake. Who gave it to you?
Hi there, I'm calling to reply to the message you left on my phone. You said that you need
to cancel my dentist's appointment. When can I make another one?
USEFUL PHRASES
Mrs. Jones, I'd like you to meet Dr. Reinhold.

Let me introduce you to Father Peter.
It's been a pleasure meeting you, Professor Harris.
Well, better late than never.
Should we discuss the matter at hand?
This is, without a doubt, the best vacation I've ever had.
I ran into Miss Pearson this morning.
Well, I'm afraid I ran into a tree.
GRAMMAR
Writing and saying the date

A continuación presentamos las características que hay que tener en cuenta para escribir
y decir la fecha en inglés.
El día: siempre se lee el número ordinal (aunque a veces no se escriba así). Ejemplo: the
fifth of September.
El mes: se puede escribir como un número o con su correspondiente palabra. Esta última
se puede escribir completa o abreviada. Los meses se abrevian con las tres primeras
letras de la palabra (Ejemplo: January: Jan; February: Feb, etc.). Los únicos meses que no
tienen abreviatura son: May, June y July. La primera letra de los meses siempre se escribe
en mayúscula, incluso cuando se escribe la abreviatura.
El año: El año solo se añade cuando escribimos o decimos la fecha completa; además,
por norma general se escriben únicamente los dos últimos números pero se lee el año al
completo. Ejemplo:
3/10/76 -> 1676 Nineteen seventy-six
Los años hasta 1999 se dividen en dos partes, como si fueran dos números de dos cifras cada
uno. Ejemplos:
1745 -> 17 – 45 Seventeen forty-five
1268 -> 12 – 68 Twelve sixty-eight
1929 -> 19 – 29 Nineteen twenty-nine
El año 2000 se lee: the year two thousand.
Escribir y decir la fecha en inglés británico
Cuando escribimos o decimos la fecha en inglés británico es importante seguir el orden
que presentamos a continuación:
Día de la semana (se puede omitir) – Día (núm. ordinal) – Mes – Año
Ejemplos:
1/10/2018
Día de la semana + Mes Año
Día
Se escribe: Monday 1 st October, 2018
Se dice: Monday the first of October twenty
eighteen
4/10/2018
Día de la semana + Mes Año
Día
Se escribe: Thursday 4 th October, 2018
Se dice: Thursday the fourth October twenty
of eighteen
A continuación presentamos otras formas de escribir y decir la fecha en inglés británico:

4th January / 4th Jan
the fourth of January / January the fourth
Jan 4, 1948
January the fourth nineteen forty-eight
Escribir y decir la fecha en inglés americano

Cuando escribimos o decimos la fecha en inglés americano es importante seguir el orden
que presentamos a continuación:
Mes – Día (en números ordinales) – Año
Nótese que en inglés británico el día aparece primero y después el mes, mientras que en
inglés americano es al contrario: primero aparece el mes y a continuación el día.
10/1/2018
Mes Día Año
Se escribe: October st
1 , 2018
Se dice: October (the)* first, twenty
eighteen
10/4/2018
Mes Día Año
Se escribe: October 4 th, 2018
Se dice: October (the)* fourth, twenty
eighteen
*El artículo definido (the) se puede omitir.
Las preposiciones en las fechas

+ AÑO I was born in 1978.
IN
+ MES I was born in July.
+ FECHA Inglés británico:
COMPLETA I was born on the 23 rd of July,
1978.
I was born on the 23 rd of July.
ON
Inglés americano:
I was born on July the 23 rd,
1978.
I was born on July the 23 rd.
Past simple vs. Past continuous

a) Forms:
PAST SIMPLE
Subj. + V -ed
(regular verbs) + Compl.
Affirmative I talked to him yesterday.
form She asked him about his age.
* (See list of irregular verbs at
the end of this manual)
Subj. + DID + not
+ V + Compl.
Negative form
I didn’t believe him then.
She didn’t answer my question.
DID + Subj.
Interrogative + V + Compl.?
form Did you enjoy the party?
Did you take the train yesterday?
PAST CONTINUOUS
Subj. + was/were + V-ing
+ Compl.
Affirmative
form They were reading a magazine.
A girl was asking for you,
Tom.
Subj. + was/were + not
+ V-ing + Compl.
Negative form They weren’t watching that
movie.
She wasn’t studying for her
test.
Was/were + Subj.
+ V-ing + Compl.?
Interrogative
form Oh, sorry. Were you sleeping?
Was Jerry talking to Jenny in
the lounge?
b) Use: These tenses are used to express...
PAST SIMPLE
Actions and situations that started and
finished at a particular moment in the
past.
I bought a new house last year.
PAST CONTINUOUS
Actions that were in progress at a
specific moment in the past, although
they started before and finished
afterwards.
At ten o’clock last night, I was watching
a movie.
When two past tenses appear in one sentence:

Past simple + Past simple: We talk about two consecutive actions, one happened (usually
introduced by “when”) and then the other happened.
When it started to rain I ran to my house.
Past continuous + Past simple: We talk about one action that was taking place when the
second one happened.
While I was taking a bath the phone rang.
I was taking a bath when the phone rang.
We use the Past simple to denote a short action and refer to a specific point in time. In
contrast, the Past continuous stands for a long action that lasted a certain amount of time.
In the example shown, the phone will have rung for no more than a minute, whereas a bath
may take an hour or more. So the bath started before and ended after the phone rang and,
thus, is a longer action than the ringing of the phone.
Past continuous + Past continuous: We talk about two simultaneous actions in the past. Both
actions are happening at the same moment.
While I was trying to study, he was making a terrible noise.
Past perfect simple vs. Past perfect continuous

a) Forms:
PAST PERFECT
Subj. + HAD
+ Participle + Compl.
Affirmative
form He had already accepted the
conditions when the lawyer
arrived.
Subj. + HAD + not / never
+ Participle + Compl.
Negative form He had never been to Italy
before we went together last
year.
HAD + Subj.
Interrogative + Participle + Compl.?
form Had the concert started when
you arrived?
PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
Subj. + HAD + BEEN
Affirmative + V-ing + Compl.
form They had been discussing for
two hours when we arrived.
Subj. + HAD + not BEEN

+ V-ing + Compl.
Negative form She had not been studying for
half an hour when her friend
called.
HAD + Subj. + BEEN

Interrogative + V-ing + Compl.?
form How long had they been going
out when they got married?
b) Use:
PAST PERFECT
Expresses an action in the past that is
previous to another which also takes place
in the past:
The car was stolen because he had forgotten
to lock it.
When we use temporal adverbs like “before” or
“after”, there is no need to use the “Past
Perfect” to indicate that one action takes place
before the other. For both actions we can use the
“Past Simple”:
After I had bought a new house she came to
live with me. =
After I bought a new house she came to live
with me.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Expresses an action that has been in
progress during some time previous to the
action in the past:
His eyes were red because he had been
crying.
In some cases we use this tense to highlight the
duration of the activity in progress. Often, there
is a time expression introduced by “for”:
I had been waiting for twenty minutes when
he came.
“Used to / would + verb” to express past

Used to
Use: We use the form “used to” to express:
An action that was a habit in the past, but isn’t anymore in the present:
He smokes just a couple of cigarettes a day, but he used to smoke a lot.
A situation that was true in the past, but isn’t anymore in the present.
This souvenir store used to be a grocery store.
Compare:
Particular action in the past:
Last night, I watched the movie you recommended.
Action in progress at a particular moment in the past:
I was watching a movie when my brother came in.
Habit in the past:
I used to watch a lot of movies.
Form: “Used to” only has the past form and cannot be used in the present tense.
Compare:
I usually go to the movie theater on Sunday. (Present)
I used to go to the movie theater on Sunday. (Past)
They live in the country. (Present)
They used to live in the country. (Past)
Affirmative
I used to do
I used to live with my parents.
Negative
I didn’t use to do
I used not to do
I didn’t use to eat sweets.
He used not to smoke.
Interrogative
Did you use to ...?
Did you use to like milk?
Would
Use: We can use either the form “would” or “used to” to express:
That an action was repeated regularly in the past, but isn’t anymore in the present:
My granny used to take me to the park every Saturday morning.
My granny would take me to the park every Saturday morning.
Nevertheless, we cannot use the form “would”:
To indicate a situation which was true in the past, but isn’t anymore in the present:
I used to live in L.A.
I used to have a Mercedes.
Abbreviations for academic and formal titles

The polite form of address, which is put in front of the person’s name, serves to indicate the
sex, and sometimes the marital status:
Mr. Goes before the last name of a man
Ms. Goes before the last name of a woman
Mrs. Goes before the last name of a
married woman
Miss Goes before the last name of a
single woman
Ms. Johnson
Other frequently used abbreviations for forms of address that go before the last name are:
Dr. Doctor
Prof. Professor
Fr. Father
Dr. Cook
Some special forms of address and academic titles go after the last name and are spelled letter
by letter:
VC Vice President
BA Bachelor of Arts
BSc Bachelor of Science
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
Miss R. Carston, BSc
A very frequent abbreviation in the USA goes after the last name of a person whose father has
the same name, so they can be distinguished:
Jr. Junior
Phil Morris Jr.

Vocabulary: Joining The Group / Witness / Explorers

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Vocabulary: Joining The Group / Witness / Explorers

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Vocabulary: Joining The Group / Witness / Explorers

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Joining the group / Witness / Explorers

Motorist Someone who is driving a motor vehicle.

She wrote an essay about her experiences in South America.

Mrs. Jones, I'd like you to meet Dr. Reinhold.

Writing and saying the date

A continuación presentamos otras formas de escribir y decir la fecha en inglés británico:

Escribir y decir la fecha en inglés americano

Las preposiciones en las fechas

Past simple vs. Past continuous

b) Use: These tenses are used to express...

When two past tenses appear in one sentence:

Past perfect simple vs. Past perfect continuous

Subj. + HAD + not BEEN

HAD + Subj. + BEEN

“Used to / would + verb” to express past

Abbreviations for academic and formal titles

You might also like