ALTERNATOR AND BATTERIES Function description Charge balance ... Sulphation . r Cycling... 5 Battery charging inwinter Batteries, general ...... Battery charging Alternator, general : Alternator amperage with exch. ratio 3.5:1 Calculation of alternator size... Alternator design Paris-Rhone 35,55 and 75A Charge testing on truck or in test cell Output test Regulated voltage test Contents 2 Work description : 2 Dismantling Paris-RhOne 354/55) 2 Assembling Paris-Rhone 35A/SSA 3 Dismantling Paris-Rhone 754, 3 Assembling Paris-Rhone 758 4 Check measuring 5 brushes i 6 diode bridge 35, 554 7 diode bridges 75. 8 rotor : 9 stator 13 Specifications 13 B © Saab-Scania AB Seana Yvon, service (834) 1988 14 16 20 25 29 33 33 34 37 40 4 42Function description SCAN service Function description Charge balance Some trucks have very extensive electric equipment that consumes a lot of power. It is important that the alternator output is adapted to such consumption. An alternator that is too small shortens battery life and leads to starting problems because of flat batteries. Satisfactory charge balance Analternator should manage the constant power requirement and also provide a satisfactory charge surplus (at least 10 A). Basically, the batteries are Used for starting the engine Poor charge balance Poor charge balance implies that maximum. consumption to an excessive degree is taken from the batteries. As a consequence, battery life is shortened and starting is made difficult because of flat batteries. There are, above all, two malfunctions that are harmful to the batteriesi.e, sulphation and cycling. Sulphation if there is no time for the batteries to be recharged between discharges there will be gradual sulphation leading to capacity reduction. When this takes place the metal in the plus and minus plates is converted to PbSO,, i.e. lead sulphate. Thereby the density of the acid is reduced. Lead sulphate is formed as minute crystals. f such a discharged battery is allowed to stand for some time, these minute crystals grow together. This mainly applies to the minus plate. Crystals that have grown together are difficult to convert when charging This is known as a sulphated battery. If the sulphation has been allowed to carry on for some time the lead sulphate can no longer be converted when charging. The battery emits gas which means that the current just divides the water content into hydrogen and oxygen. If gas development takes place at the beginning of charging a flat battery, thisis a sign that the battery is sulphated 2 © Saab-Scania AB, Scania Diusion, Service (834) 1988, 16-88 05 30GT ENSCANIA service Cycling: Atevery discharge, even if followed by recharging, some of the battery life is spent. A battery will only withstand a limited number of cycles. Depending on how the battery is made, a life of between 100- 200 cycles can be expected. If discharging and recharging take place very frequently the lead will separate from the plates which after some time results ina capacity decrease and may cause short- Circuit in one of the cells. Cycling occurs when, for instance, using extra heaters. BATTERY CHARGING IN WINTER Batteries are difficult to charge at low temperatures. Furthermore, the useful capacity of the battery is reduced. If, for instance, an extra heater is used on the vehicle during the night and the truck, furthermore, uses a lot of power in loading operation during the day, there may be battery problems because of the alternator not having the ability to recharge the batteries before next discharge. This has nothing to do with the alternator or the battery size but just because of batteries being difficult to charge in cold weather. Itis no good to the battery to just carry half a charge for long periods as this after some time results in sulphating which in turn means that the chargeability is heavily reduced. In some cases the batteries have to be changed 140 120 100 80 Ah ieee eee an Charge diagram 16-88 05 30 GT EN © Saab-Scania AB, Scania Division, Service (824) 1988 Function description With a battery heater this problem is solved. The batteries are heated to approx. 15°C. The charging problem disappears. Thanks to the insulation, the battery can be kept warm. This makes it easier to start the vehicle. A warm battery has approximately twice the capacity of one that is cold The following example illustrates how a battery is affected by temperature and driving time The vehicle has 160 Ah batteries. The batteries are discharged at 80 Ah. The charge diagram illustrates how much of the 80 Ah is recharged at various temperatures during driving for 8 hours. As can be seen, at-20°C the batteries only have time to recover approx. 40 Ah, without battery heater. With heater 80 Ah is recovered. + 20°C 100% charge — With battery heater at -20°C 100 % charge orc 85% charge -20°C 75% charge 7 8 _ Driving time/hoursFunction description SCANIA BATTERIES, GENERAL ‘The trucks are equipped with two series connected 12V batteries. Removal = Loosen earth cable first = Donot loosen battery cables with the engine running. This is harmful to the alternator Cleaning = Clean batteries, cables and battery box. Oxide and dirt may cause voltage drop. - Lubricate poles with vaseline. Mounting - Always connect the plus cable first. = Connect negative (-) to earth = Tighten cable terminals Acid level ~ Check that the acid level is correct, ie. level with the upper part of the white plastic ring (which is part of the cell fixture) visible in the battery when plugs have been removed Top up with destilled water. Note. Sulphuric acid or so called electrolyte improver must not be used Charge condition Check acid gravity with an acid tester. Ina fully charged battery it should be at +20°C 1.280 at orc 1.298 at =20°C 1.308 = Ifacid gravity is lower than 1.24 the battery must be charged. A flat battery freezes at -5°C = Avoid crash charging. This damages the battery in the long run. Note. If the charge differs between the batteries they MUST be charged separately. (See charging of batteries) service 4 © Saab-Scania AB, Scania Oiision Service (834) 1988 16-88 05 30GTENSCANIA service ‘START BOOST Booth trucks must have 24 V electrics. Follow below sequence to avoid battery explosion. Use thick booster cables with at least 25 mm2.cross-cut area, Connect + on flat batteries. to + on charged batteries. Connect ~ on charged batteries. to the frame a distance away from the battery on the truck with the flat batteries Start engine on truck with charged batteries. Start engine on the other truck. DO NOT STAND NEAR THE BATTERIES. 7. First loosen cable from frame and thereafter the other cables. Beno an BATTERY CHARGING Warning! Explosive gas is formed when charging battery (oxyhydrogen gas) Important! = The premises must be well ventilated. = Nosmoking = There must be no equipment that may cause sparks in the vicinity. When charging the cell voltage rapidly increases to approx. 2.15 \V to slowly drop to 2.3-2.4V when gas, starts to form. Towards end of charging the voltage increases faster and reaches 2.5-2.7 V after which it does not increase any more, even if the charging continues. The charging period for different batteries varies depending on size and charge amperage If distilled water is needed this should be added at the beginning of charging. Otherwise, the water remains uppermost in the cells and this can crack the battery ifit freezes. Long-term charging Amperage must not exceed 10 % of the battery capacity. Example: Maximum charge for a 160 Ah battery is 16 A. Batteries that have been slowly discharged (sulphated) should be charged with maximum half the amperage (see also "Sulphating"). 16-88 05 30GT EN Function description Crash charging Crash charging implies charging batteries over a short period at a higher amperage tha normal. Note. Crash charging reduces battery life and should only be resorted to in emergency Stop charging when gas starts to form. Crash charging of old batteries may result in that active lead loosens from the plates and drops to the bottom. in adverse cases this can cause short-circuit inacell. Sulphated batteries must not be subjected to crash charging (see "Sulphating”) © Saab-Scania AB, Scania Devision, Service (834) 1988, 5Function description ALTERNATOR, GENERAL For wiring, see booklet Circuit diagrams. Connection point markings. Paris-RhOne (Valeo): 35A,55Aand 75A Bosch: 35A.and 554 B+ (+) D+ (+A,61+) B- (D-,M) Ww AR) Old markings in brackets CHARGE WARNING LIGHT The charge warning light is on when the alternator isnot turning. It obtains power from the battery via relay A and earth through alternator D + further through a brush, through the rotor winding, through the other brush and to earth via the charge regulator. See circuit diagram When the alternator is turning excitation voltage is generated by the stator winding and the D + connection is powered on whereby the light goes out, Trouble-shooting A The warning light is on, system voltage too low (engine running) 1. Drive belts off or poorly tensioned 2. Short-circuit between wire 61 and earth 3. Faulty charge regulator 4. Faulty alternator B Warning light out, system voltage too high (engine running) 1. Faulty charge regulator C Warning light out, system voltage too low (engine running) 1. Drive belts off or poorly tensioned 2. Faulty alternator D Warning light does not come on with starter lock in drive position (stopped engine) 1. Faulty warning light 2. Faulty charge regulator 3. Worn carbon brushes 4. Broken rotor winding E Warning light flashes (engine running) Drive belts off or poorly tensioned 2. Poor contact in wire 61 to warning light, 3. Faulty charge regulator 4. Faulty alternator 6 © Saab-Scania AB Scania Div.siun Service (834) 1988, SCANA service VOLTMETER Glance at the voltmeter at regular intervals when driving. Ifit indicates too low or too high voltage or if the charge warning light comes on, stop the truck and find the fault. Normal function charge warning light out voltage 27 to 28.5 V Special rules © ~ Ensure that batteries are connected with correct polarity. Changing poles will destroy the alternator diodes. ~ Never loosen battery or alternator cables when the engine is running @ = When arc welding there is no need to disconnect the alternator cables. Always connect the welding unit as near the welding point as possible, Note. The rectifiers in the alternator and the charge regulator may become damaged if above rules are not observed. ALTERNATOR TYPE BOSCH As regards repair instructions for Bosch alternators we refer to Bosch service organisation 16-87 1030GT ENSCAN'A Function description service ALTERNATOR AMPERAGE WITH EXCHANGE RATIO 3.5:1 The table lists minimum charge amperage for the alternator at various engine speeds. The table applies with effect from chassis number: Scania Sodertalje 1069694 Scania Nederland 4231589 Engine speed | Alternator speed Alternator/Amperage Fimin min 55A Bosch 75A Wabco 500 1750 20 24 600 2100 30 36 2450 36 44 2800 40 50 3150 a4 3a 3500 46 57 3850 48 59) 4200 50 61 4550 51 63 "4900 52 65 5250 53 66 5600 54 67 5950 55. 69 6300 55. 70 6650 56 7 7000 37 2 7350 57, 3B 700 58 B 8050 58 7B 8400 59 73 16-88-05-30 GT EN/Page 7 16-87 1030 GTEN © Saab-Scania A8, Scania Division, Service (834) 1988 7Function description SCANLA service CALCULATION OF ALTERNATOR SIZE Alternator Consumption Alternator 1. Use the diagram to decide which type of driving ae WO ee applies. — 1750 750 oe 2. Add all power consumers of the vehicle that may be on at the same time when driving. See L- 1500 750 table. (62a) 3. See where in the diagram you end up when the 1250 consumption is known, (52a) 55A Example: Long-distance 1000 You arrive ata consumption of 50A. Asa (a2a) 554 surplus charge of at least 10 Ais needed the choice is simple 750 SOA +10A=60A Gia) ~The truck needs a 75 A alternator. 350 500 The diagram applies to trucks in long-distance as (31a) 35A well as trucksin forestry and distribution operation. As along-distance truck runs for longer periods 250 between breaks such a truck can have slightly larger Z (aoa) consumption with a small alternator than the + forestry and distribution trucks. ong tidiance tees Distribution Alternator Consumer Ampere/each Qty Total Truck, standard ek Sf 3 Headiights (Extra) ae = Side marker lights 05 x Roof light ey Loading lights 32k (stationary) Electrically heated seat ot Electricallyheated mirror «2x Air dryer wok Retridgerator tek Cabheater 45% (stationary) Battery heater Pek Radio is x Box body lighting 1 Tail lift 2a (stationary) Trailer Rearlights 0s x Side marker lights 05 x th marker lights 025 x Box body lighting 1h x Total consumption = A Surplus charge A. (should be 10-25 A) Suitable alternator = 8 © Saab-Scania AB, Scania Cnvision Service (834) 1988 16-88 05 30 GTENSCAN Function descrip' service Nig Gee Sa a Alternator design Paris-Rhone 35, 55 and 5A The rotor in an alternator consists of two claw shaped metal pieces that encase a coil (exitation winding), all carried by one shaft. The coil is supplied with direct current via slip rings to magnetize the claw shaped pieces, The rotor has six north poles and six south poles. The rotor has magnetic force lines between the north and south poles, Supply to the slip rings for building up the magnetic field takes place via connections DF and D- When the rotor turns at the same time as current flows through the exitation winding via + DF, charge amperage is generated in the stator phase windings. The three-phase alternating current that is then generated has to be rectified to be able to charge batteries. This is done with diodes. 16-88 05 30 GT EN © Saab-Scania AB Scarva D wisn Service (834) 1988 9Function descrip SCAN service A diode only permits current to flow in one direction, the conducting direction. In this way the alternating current is turned into direct current The 35/55A alternators have three plus and three minus diodes as well as three exitizing diodes. ‘The 7SA alternator has seven plus and seven minus = ‘ > diodes. Of these six plus and six minus diodes are Conductive direction used for the three phases and two for the star point. There are also three exitation diodes to supply the alternator with exitation current after sian =k Techingdretton @ The charge regulator monitors the charge voltage so that the alternator delivers correct output voltage. It isa transistorized regulator without moving parts, made as one unit and it is not adjustable 10 © Saab-Scania AB, Scania Diusion, Service (834) 1988 16-88 05 30 GT ENSCAN Function description service Stator phase windings The 35A alternator is of type three-phase, star connected. See figure for stator windings. F = phase winding The 55A alternator is of type three-phase, delta connected. See figure for stator windings. F = phase winding The 75A alternator is of type three-phase, star connected with double windings. The star point (0) @ of the phase windings are connected together. O= middle winding 16-88 05 30 GT EN © Saab Scania AB Scania Ovi, Service (834) 1988 nFunction description 235A alternator internal wiring 55A alternator internal wiring 75A alternator internal wiring 12 SCANIA service 1.Rotorwinding 4. Condenser (interference protection) 2.Statorwinding _§. Exitation diodes 3.Rectifier diodes 6. Charge regulator e | ae 1.Rotorwinding 4. Condenser (interference protection) 2.Statorwinding _5. Exitation diodes 3.Rectifierdiodes 6. Charge regulator e | 1.Rotorwinding 4. Condenser (interference protection) 2 Stator winding _5. Exitation diodes .Rectifierdiodes 6. Charge regulator © Saab-Scania AB, Scama Dwsion, Service (834) 1968 16-88 05 30 GT ENSCANIA service CHARGE TESTING ON TRUCK OR IN TEST CELL Alternators should not be run with disconnected batteries, since the rectifiers will be overloaded and damaged Output test Connect the load resistance as illustrated. 1. Calibrate the instrument before the test is started with the engine stopped. Remove amperage meter and turnit to zero. 2. Start engine and let it run for a minute before making the test. 3. Increase engine speed to 1140 r/min or 4000 min on the alternator and apply a load with the resistance as per below. The voltmeter should indicate 27 V. A digital amperage meter can be connected to 8+ on thealternator for a more accurate setting value, 4, The alternator must produce the following max values For 35A alternator - 288 55A alternator - 46 A 75A alternator - 66 A Regulated voltage test This test demands fully charged batteries to obtain correct results. 1. Calibrate the instrument before making the test, with the engine stopped. Turn amperage meter and voltmeter to zero. 2. Start engine and let itrun until alternator delivers max 5A. 3. Increase engine speed to 1140 r/min or 4000 r/min on the alternator. The regulated voltage at + on the alternator should now be 28.1-28.9, Vat +20°C 16-88 05 30GTEN Function description Test instrument (with volt- 124. Alternator ‘meter, amperagemeter 125. Starter and load resistance) for ‘motor alternator. 126. Batteries Connection for load resistance. Pliers for amperage metering. Connection for voltmeter. © Saab Scamia AB, Scama Division, Service (834) 1988. 13Work description SCANA service Work description Alternator type Paris-Rhéne 35A 1. Rotor 9. Stator 2. Rearbearing 10. Front bearing shield 3. Rear bearing shield 11. Front bearing 4. Plasticring 12. Cover washer with screw 5. Screwset 13, Screwset 6. Diode bridge 14. Spacing washer 7. Regulator with screw 15, Assembly kit 8 — Brush holder 16. Plastic cover 4 © Saab-Scania AB, Seana Diwsian Service (834) 1988 16-88 05 30GTENAlternator type Paris-Rhéne 55A Rotor Rear bearing Rear bearing shield Plastic ring Screw set Diode bridge Regulator with screw Brush holder PNOVAWNS service 10. 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. Work description Stator Front bearing shield Front bearing Cover washer with screw Screw set Spacing washer Assembly kit Plastic cover 16-88 05 30 GTEN © Saab-Scania A8 Scania 0 vision Serwce (834) 1988 15Work description SCANA service Dismantling of Paris-Rhéne 35A/55A alternator. 1. Remove plastic cover and two screws in regulator and cable connection (arrow). Remove regulator. 2. Solder off phase wires from diode bridge. Use a pair of pliers for heat dissipation 3. Remove nuts and lift off diode bridge. 16 © Saab-Scania AB, Scama Division, Service (834) 1988 16-88 05 30 GT ENSCAN Work description service 4. Mark off stator position in relation to bearing shields 5. Set up pulley in vice with soft jaws. Remove nut, pulley, spacing washer and cooling fan. © g semore nus trom four trough-botsn bearing shields 16-88 05 30 GTEN © Saab-Scama AB, Scania Division, Service (834) 1988 7Work description SCANIA service 7. Remove screws by front bearing. Remove bearing shield. 8. Remove stator. 9. Loosen rotor from rear bearing shield with puller 98 609. 10. Pull off both bearings from rotor with suitable puller. Check rotor shaft for wear. 18 ® Saab-Scania AB, Scania Division, Service (834) 1988 16-88 05 30 GT ENSCANIA Work description service 11. Turn and polish worn slip rings with fine emery cloth. The slip rings can be turned down to a diameter of 28.5. Use commutator chuck for accurate centring. Note. Normally the slip rings do not have to be turned. Turning should only be resorted to if the rings have become grooved. 12. Checkin V-block that slip ring and rotor frame radial run-out does not exceed 0,05 mm. 16-88 05 30 GTEN © Saab-Scania AB, Scania Divison, Service (834) 1988. 19Work description SCANIA Assembling Paris-Rhéne 35A/55A alternator 1. Press rear bearing on rotor shaft. Note. Place drift on inner race. 2. Place washer for front bearing in position. Turn it with wane edge of holes facing the bearing. Press on front bearing on rotor shaft. 3. Fitrotorin rear bearing shield 20 © Saab-Scania AB Scania Division, Service (834) 1988 ervice ee ee 16-88 05 30GTENSCANIA Work description service 4, Fitstator and front bearing shield as previously marked. Push out phase wires through rear bearing shield, Press together alternator and thereafter tighten through-bolts alternatingly. @ 5. Tighten washer that holds bearing in front bearing shield 6. Fitinsulation washers next to bearing shield on pole screws. 16-88 05 30GTEN © Saab-Scania AB Scania Oision, Service (834) 1988 21Work description SCANA service 7. fit diode bridge. Tighten with plain washers and thick nuts on pole screws M61 and + for 35A alternator and B-,D + and B + for 55. alternator. 8. Check that there is no voltage loss between bearing shield and pole screws +, W and 61 for JTAgen. and 8 +, Wand D + for 55A alternator. 9. Solder phase wires to diode bridge. Use a pair of pliers for heat dissipation. 22 © Saab-Scania AB, Scania Ouon, Service (834) 1988 16-88 05 30 GTENSCANIA service 10. Press down regulator carefully with brush holders in position and tighten it. Connect cable. 11. Fit plastic cover over diode bridge. @ 12. Fit spacing washer, pulley and plain washer. Tighten nut with 50 Nm. Test alternator as per instructions under @ “Charge testing”. 16-88 05 30 GT EN © Saab-Scania AB Scania Owision Service (834) 1988 Work description 23Work description service Alternator type Paris-Rhéne 75A 24 OM AwNs Rotor 7. Regulator with screw Stator 8 Diode bridge Front bearing shield 9. Assembly kit Cover washer 10. Rear bearing shield Front bearing 11. Extra attachment plate Brush holder 12. Plastic cover © Saab-Scania AB, Scania Orwsion, Service (824) 1988 © Teer ete ee se eae \ 16:47 16-8805 30 GTENSCANIA service Dismantling of Paris-Rhdne 75A clternator 1. Remove plastic cover and two screws in regulator and cable connection inside, Remove regulator carefully. e@ 2. Screw off phase wires. 3. Remove diode bridges and condenser B + 16-88 05 30GTEN © Saab Scama AB, Scan: Onision, Service (834) 1988 Work description 25Work description SCAN service 4, Mark off stator position in relation to bearing shields. 5. Set up pulley in vice with soft jaws. Remove nut, pulley, spacing washer and cooling fan. 6. Remove nuts from four through-bolts in bearing shields. Remove extra attachment plate. 26 © Saab-Scania AB, Scama Dison, Service (834) 1988 16-88 05 30 GT ENSCANIA service 7. Remove screws by front bearing. Remove bearing shield. 8. Removestator. 9. Loosen rotor from rear bearing shield with puller 98 609. 10. Pull off both bearings from rotor with suitable puller. Check rotor shaft for wear 16-88 05 30 GTEN © Saab-Scania AB. Scania Division, Service (834) 1988 Work description 27Work description SCANIA service 11, Turn and polish worn slip rings with fine emery cloth. The slip rings can be turned down toa diameter of 28.5. Use commutator chuck for accurate centring. Note. Normally the slip rings do not have to be turned. Turning should only be resorted toif the rings have become grooved. 12. Check in V-block that slip ring and rotor frame radial run-out does not exceed 0.05 mm. 28 © Saab-Scania AB Scania Owision, Service (834) 1988 16-88 05 30 GT ENSCANIA Work description service Assembling Paris-Rhdne 75A alternator 1. Press rear bearing on rotor shaft. Note. Place drift on inner race. 2. Place washer for front bearing in position. Turn it with wane edge of holes facing the bearing, Press on front bearing on rotor shaft 3. Fitrotorin rear bearing shield 16-88 05 30GTEN © Saab:Scania AB, Scania Owision, Service (834) 1988 29Work description SCAN eT Se service 4, Fitstator and front bearing shield as previously marked. Push out phase wires through rear bearing shield, Press together alternator and thereafter tighten through-bolts alternatingly. 5. Tighten washer that holds bearing in front bearing shield 6. Fitinsulation washers next to bearing shield on pole screws. 30 © Saab-Scania AB, Scania Division, Service (834) 1988, 16-88 05 30GTEN@ &. creccinatinere isn vottagetos between bearing shield and pole screws B +, Wand D + 7. Fit condenser and diode bridges. Tighten with plain washers and thick nuts on pole screws D-, D+ ande+ 9. Tighten phase wires thick nut on pole screw W. 16-88 05 30 GT EN SCANIA service © Saab-Scania AB, Scania Division. Service (834) 1988 Work description 31ption SCANIA service 10. Press down regulator carefully with brush, holder in position and tighten it. Connect cable. 11. Fit plastic cover. 12. Fit spacing washer, pulley and piain washer. Tighten nut with 50 Nm. Test alternator as per instructions under "Charge testing” 32 © Saab-Scania AB Scania Dwision Service (834) 1988 16-88 05 30GT ENSCAN Work description service CHECK MEASURING Checking of brushes, Paris-Rhéne 35, 55, 750 1. The brush holderis soldered to the regulator. For checking the brushes the regulator thus has to be removed. Remove plastic cover and both screws in regulator as well as the wire connection inside it. Liftregulator carefully not to damage the brush holder. 2. Check brush holder for damage and also the length of the brushes. They should move easily in the holder and the brush length must not be less than 5 mm. Changing brush holder 1. Asolder sucker or strap should be used when, soldering off the brush holder from the tegulator. When soldering the brush holder it should be screwed in the regulator for the purpose of centring the screw holes. AMR 16-88 05 30 GT EN ® Saab-Scania AB, Scania Division, Service (834) 1988 33Work description Checking of diode bridge 35, 55A 1. Remove plastic cover and solder off phase wires from diode bridge. Protect the diodes from heat, by using a pair of pliers for heat dissipation Loosen nuts on diode bridge and lift it off. Diode bridge design - Regulator connection Excitation diodes Condenser (interference protection) Phase connection Plus diodes Minus diodes 3. Diodes can be checked by using: -Ohmmeter, suitable for diode testing. ~24V power source and test light in series 34 © Saab-Scania AB, SCANIA service ae Scania Division, Service (834) 1988 16-88 05 30 GT EN16-88 05 30 GT EN 4, Checking with ohmmeter. The resistance must be low in the forward direction of the diode and high in the reverse direction 5. Checking with light in series. The light must be ‘nin the forward direction of the diode and off in the reverse direction SCANIA service © Saab-Scania AB, Scama Division, Service (824) 1988, Work description Diode in forward direction (Jow resistance ) Diode in reverse direction ( high resistance ) Diode in reverse direction ( light off ) 35 16:479Work description SCAN service 6. Check plus and minus diodes by touching the metal plate with one test probe and the solder point of each diode with the other. Thereafter, let the probes change places and repeat the check. The diodes should only allow current to flow in one direction. 7. Check the excitation diodes by touching the regulator connection with one test probe and each of the three phase connections with the other. Thereafter, let the probes change places and repeat the check. The diodes should only allow current to flow in one direction. Change faulty diodes. 36 © Saab-Scania AB, Scania Division, Service (834) 1988 16-88 05 30 GT ENSCANIA service Checking of diode bridges Paris-RhOne 75 A 1. Removeplastic coverand loosen phase wires from diode bridges. Loosen nuts from diode bridges and lift them off. 2. Design of diode bridges: 61. (D+) Regulator connection M. Excitation diodes B+. Condenser (interference protection) F. Phase connection ©. Phase winding star point connection e@ K1,K4. Plus diodes K2,K3. Minus diodes 3. Diodes can be checked by using: 2S -Ohmmeter, suitable for diode testing. =24V power source and test light in series. ~ 16-88 05 30GTEN © Saab-Scania AB, Scania Vinson. Service (834) 1988 Work description 3738 Work description SCANA service 4. Checking with ohmmeter. The resistance must bbe low in the forward direction of the diode and high in the reverse direction. Checking with light in series. The light must be ‘nin the forward direction of the diode and off Diode in forward direction (low resistance ) A Diode in reverse direction ( high resistance ) inthe reverse direction & X Diode in reverse direction (light off) © Saab-Scania AB, Scanve Division, Service (834) 1988. 16-88 05 30GT ENSCAN Work description service 6. Check minus diodes by touching the metal plate with one test probe and the solder point of each diode with the other. Thereafter, let the probes change places and repeat the check. The diodes should only allow current to flow in one direction 7. Check plus diodes by touching the negative heat dissipation body with one test probe and each plus diode with the other. Thereafter, let the probes change places and repeat the check. The diodes should only allow current to flow in one direction 8. Check the excitation diodes by touching the regulator connection with one test probe and each of the three phase connections with the other. Thereafter, let the probes change places and repeat the check. The diodes should only allow current to flow in one direction. In case of a faulty diode, change diode bridge 16-88 05 30 GTEN © Saab-Scania Aa, Scania Dwision, Service (834) 1988 39Work description SCANIA service Checking of rotor Paris-RhOne 35, 55, 75A 1. Ifthe regulator is removed it is possible to measure the resistance between the rotor slip rings. The following values apply: 35A/10.9-120 55A/9.7-10.72 T5AI9-110 Use an ohmmeter when checking. if resistance deviates from these values the rotor has to be changed. 2. Check for voltage loss across the slip rings and to the rotor frame with an ohmmeter. When measuring with ohmeter the instrument should indicate infinite value (min 10M 2) 40 © Saab-Scania AB, Scania Division, Service (834) 1988 16-88 05 30GTENSCANIA service Checking of stator Paris-RhGne 35, 55, 75A. 1. Measure resistance in stator by measuring voltage. The resistance should be He Wu aA 35A/0.34.0.3900F-F Between phase 55A/0.12-0.140F-F — windings F 75A/0.20-0.25 0 F-F 75A/0.10-0.150M-F Measure between star point connection O and each phase F. 35 and SSA have 3 phases. 754 has 3 + 3 phases and a star point connection. oO 2. Check for voltage loss to the stator frame with ‘an ohmmeter. Touch the stator frame with one test probe and one of the phase wires with the other. When measuring with ohmmeter, instrument should indicate infinite value (min 10M 2) 16-88 05 30GTEN © Saab-Scania AB, Scania Dwision, Service (834) 1988 Work description reso 4Specifications Batteries Type Quantity Earth connection System voltage Battery capacity Electrolyte specific gravity at +20 with fully charged battery Battery re-charging point Charge amperage Acid level Special tool Part name Puller for rotor bearing shield Alternator, Paris-Rhone Designation Output Exchange ratio crankshaft/alternator Resistance in rotor Resistance in stator between phases Brushes, min length outside holder Slip rings, rotor min diameter Slip rings, max radial run-out Output test Alternator speed Engine speed Min amperage Min voltage Regulator voltage test. Regulator voltage at + on alternator Alternator speed Engine speed Alternator load Ambient temperature Tightening torque, pulley nut Alternator, Bosch Refer to Bosch service organization Starter motor, Bosch Refer to Bosch service organization. SCANIA service Specifications Cold-start Two 12 V series connected Minus 2av 88 Ah, 118 Ah or 160Ah 1.28 1.24 10% of capacity Correct when level with upper edge of plastic ring Part No. 98609 35A A13N11 980 1:35 109-120 0.34-0.39.9 5mm 28.5 0.05 4000 r/m 1140 fm, 28A 27 28.540.4V 4000 r/m 1140 r/m max 5A +20°C 50Nm lustrated on page a 55A A14N39 1600 4:35 9.7-10.79 0.12-0.140 5mm 28.5 0.05 4000 rim 1140 r/m 464 27V 28540.4V 4000 r/m 1140 r/m max 5A +20°C 50Nm 42 © Saab-Scania 98, Scania Drvon, Service (834) 1988 75A A1AN104. 2100W 1:35 9120 0.20-0.25 2 F-F 0.10-0520-F 5mm 285 0.05 4000 r/m 1140 r/m 66A 27 28540.4V 4000 r/m 1140 r/m max SA +20°C 50.Nm 16-88 05 30GTEN