1.

Appalling
‫ہولناک‬
‫ پیمانے یا شدت میں بہت اضافہ‬، ‫رقم‬

Textual reference

An appalling number of women died from the disease(Louis Pasteur)(page no 69 of book 1)

Arthur stared at her, appalled. “You mean you would?”(Button, Button )(page no 5 of book 1)

synonyms

Adjective▲

i. Causing dismay, horror, or revulsion

 The prisoners were living in appalling conditions.

 It was one of the most appalling atrocities of the war.
 The regime has an appalling record on human rights.
  appal somebody The brutality of the crime has appalled the public.
 The idea of sharing a room appalled her.
 The thought of having to do it all again appals me.
  it appals somebody that…/to do something It appalled me that they could
simply ignore the problem.
 Conditions in the prison are said to be appalling.
  Your table manners are appalling - don't you know how to use a knife and
fork?
 After her appalling behaviour, we had no option but to dismiss her.
 The standard of cleanliness in some of these restaurants is frankly appalling.


ghastly,hideous,horrendous,atrocious,dire,harrowing,nightmarish,abominable,alarming,frigh
tening,grim,grisly,horrible,awful,horrifying,dreadful,horrific,gruesome,monstrous,scaring,sha
meful,terrifying,unseakable,vile,abhorrent,daunting,dismaying,fearful,horrid,intimidating,out
rageous,astounding,disgusting,hateful,heinous,loathsomedreadful,awful,atrocious,deplorabl
e,disgraceful,frightful,hopeless,lamentable,shameful,shocking,terrible,crummy

‘He says that he understands why they behaved so appallingly. 

ii. Very great in amount, scale, or intensity

 An appalling number of women died from the disease(Louis Pasteur)(page no 69 of

book 1)

 I must  admit  my  diet  has been  appalling. (Louis Pasteur)(page no 69 of

book 1)
 The standard American diet is appalling in its lack of imagination.

tremendous,huge,enormous,immense,colossal,vast,gigantic,mammoth,monstrous,prodigiou
s,titanic,massive,whopping
it's been an appallingly busy morning.
I developed an appalling headache

Antonyms
 Adjective▲
i. Opposite of causing dismay, horror, or revulsion,

comforting,consolatory,consoling,encouraging,heartening,reassuring,appealing,beautiful,cal
ming,delightful,good,nice,pleasant,pleasing,polite,satisfying,innocuous,inoffensive,admirable
,excellent,wonderful,great,marvellous,superb,fine,grand,magnificent,splendid,stellar

ii. Opposite of Very great in amount, scale, or intensity

minor,insignificant,light,soft,mild,paltry,small,little,minute,slight,trivial,moderate,harmless,in
consequential,frivolous

Sentences.

 The prisoners were living in appalling conditions.

 It was one of the most appalling atrocities of the war.
 The regime has an appalling record on human rights.
 The bus service is appalling now.

2.Astounded
‫حیران کرنا‬

Textual reference
 Arthur looked astounded, “Are you saying what I think you are?”(page
no 4 of book 1 lesson button button)
 .” Mr. Hubert, the simple countryman looked at the mayor astounded and
already terrified by the suspicion resting on him(page no 32 of book 1
the piece of string)

Synonyms

Adjective▲
i. Affected with sudden and great wonder or surprise

electrified,marveling,openmouthed,staggered,startled,thunderstruck,wondering,aghast,conf
used,astonished,shocked,stunned,dumbfounded,flabbergasted,alarmed,amazed,awestricken
,awestruck,dumfounded,stupefied,surprised,awed,bewildered,confounded,dazed,dumbstruc
k

I was astounded at the kindness of the gesture.

Verb▲

i. Past tense for to hold the attention of as if by a spell

bedazzled,amazed,bewildered,captivated,enchanted,enthralled,fascinated,mesmerised,arres
ted,gripped

I was astounded by its beauty.  [+  by] 

Antonyms
Adjective▲

i. Opposite of affected with sudden and great wonder or surprise

aware,expectant,nonplussed,unsurprised,notsurprised,unconcerned,unruffled,unworried,co
mposed,placid,serene,tranquil,calm,detached,distant,easygoing, ,remote,supine

VERB
i. Past tense for to hold the attention of as if by a spell
 bored,explained,unimpressed,apathetic,indifferent,unconvinced,unenthusiastic,uninspired,u
ninterested,unmoved,unresponsive,impassive

sentences
 The president was perfectly astounded at the intelligence.
 He will be astounded by the place names beginning with the three letters of each
prefix.
 It's difficult not to be astounded at the sheer power, scale and reach of scientific
thinking.
 I was astounded to see her appear from the house.

3.Apparently

‫بظاہر‬
Textual reference
o we were all, quite apparently thinking of that, though no one had as yet
spoken of the thing”(book 1 the use of force).
o . He acquitted me, apparently; and with a step that, making an effort.(book 2
lesson 5 on destroying books)

 The route lay across an apparently trackless desert.(book 2 HITCH - HIKING ACROSS THE
SAHARA)
 he is trying in fact to demonstrate that this concept apparently destroyed by modem
technology is still a meaningful one.(china way to progress lesson no 8 book 2)


Synonyms

Adverb▲

i. As far as one knows or can see

purportedly,presumedly,hypothetically,assumedly,likelily,externally,suppositionally,avowedl
y,conjecturally,seemingly,ostensibly,evidently,allegedly,outwardly,supposedly,clearly,conspic
uously,evidently,expressly,indubitably,manifestly,obviously,officially,openly,overtly,palpably,
patently,perceptibly
Antonyms
Adverb▲
I. Opposite of as far as one knows or can see
really,truly,doubtfully,obscurely,certainly,surely,actually,dubiously,improbably,questionably,
uncertain,unlikely,genuinely,vaguely,enigmatically,mystically,hermetically,obscurely,unclearl
y,ambiguously,indistinctly,sightlessly,
Sentences
 He was apparently quite converted from his anarchist views.
 The plane apparently overshot the runway after landing.
 The police apparently thought this explanation perfectly reasonable.
 A series of apparently unconnected events led to his resignation.

4.Attached to
Textual reference
He examined it with the air of a connoisseur and studied the price label attached to
it.(book 1 lesson no 14 overcoat)

‫منسلک پر‬
Synonyms
Adjective▲
I. (attached to) Having a liking or affection for
‘she was very attached to her brother’
 fond of ,partial to, inclined to, affected by, devoted to ,affectionate,
towards, affectionate, with caring of, enthusiastic about,

II. Married, engaged, or in an exclusive relationship partnered

shackled united yoked
the young couple are now attached’

accompanied,contracted,hitched,involved,pledged,promised,bound,committed,de
voted,married,wed,wedded,affianced,betrothed,engaged,espoused,
III. Adjacent to, or being in contact with at some point or line’
A vertical road is attached to point A

terraced,adjoining,joined,adjacent,bordering,connecting,abutting,touching,flanki
ng,connected,mounted,affixed,displayed,fitted,fixed,framed,installed,
Antonyms
I. Opposite of having a liking or affection for
allergic,averse,disinclined,reluctant,hesitant,indisposed,loath,resistant,opposed,u
nwilling,antipathetic,unfavorableUS
II. Opposite of married, engaged, or in an exclusive relationship
single,unattached,uninvolved,uncommitted,available,free,fancy-
free,disengaged,inoperable,not working
III. Opposite of Adjacent to, or being in contact with at some point
or line
detached,undid,undone,unfastened,unhooked,disconnected,dissociated,loosened,
removed,retired,separated,untied
Sentences
 I attached a photo to my application form.
 There was considerable kudos attached to being on the advisory board.
  The children are very attached to their grandparents.
 The tiny rocket is attached to the spacecraft and is designed to propel it toward
Mars.

5.Appraised

‫جانچنا‬

Synonyms

Verb▲

I. Assess the value or quality of

The ring must be appraised by a jeweler before it can be

insured.

assay,recce,adjudge,audit,calculate,check,deem,examine,assay,recce,adjudge,audit,calcul
ate,check,deem,examine,assess,estimate,evaluate,rate,judge,review,value,

II. To think meticulously about something, usually before a decision is

made
 If you appraise something or someone, you consider them carefully and
form an opinion about them

consider,contemplate,examine,review,study,ponder,assess,bethink,evaluate,excogitate,re
flect,compare,cogitate,debate,deliberate,entertain,eye,meditate,perpend,question,revolv
e

Antonyms

I. Opposite of assess the value or quality of

ignore,neglect,forget,disregard,overlook,scorn,disbelieve,discard,dismiss,reply,praise,
answer,approve,condemn,misunderstand,find,agree,discount,take on,trust,despise

II. Opposite of to explain meticulously or in great detail

obscure,cloud,complicate,compress,conceal,confuse,hide,lessen,mystify,stop,tangle,secre
t

Sentences

 An employer should appraise the ability of his employees.

 General managers are appraised by their area managers and appraise their assistants.
 At the end of each teaching practice, trainee teachers are asked to appraise their own
performance.
 The results have a differential when applying existing methods to appraise
environmental impact value of forestry investment project.
 6.Alas
‫حیف‬

Textual sentence
Alas, his little cane, which was perhaps lost at the time of the accident, was not
included in the list.(book 1 lesson 14 overcoat)

Synonyms
Adverb▲

i. Unfortunately or regrettably

inopportunely,sadly,unfortunately,regrettably,regretfully,unhappily,woefully,lamentably,r
uefully,agonizingly,inconsolably,painfully,bitterly,grievously,tragically,sorrowfully,sorely,h
ard,lugubriously,dolefully,mournfully,dolorously,hardly,unluckily,unsuccessfully,dismally,
disastrously,miserably,horribly,inauspiciously

antonyms
i. Opposite of Unfortunately or regrettably
 fortunately,luckily,thankfully,f,providentially,happily,propitiously,successfully,prosperousl
y,appropriately,opportunely

Sentences

 I love football but, alas, I have no talent as a player.

 For many people, alas, hunger is part of everyday life.
 A dead good singer, but, alas, no different from the way he was before.
 1 live, constantly thinking of my native land, alas, my heart is aching.

7.abruptly
ً ‫دفعتا‬

Textual references
 While she was stacking dishes, she turned abruptly, dried her hands,
and took the package from the bottom cabinet(book 1 Lesson button
button)

 Abruptly, she began to smash it on the sink edge, pounding it harder

and harder, until the wood split. (book 1 Lesson button button)
 he said as he began to climb the second bluff that lifted abruptly from
the flat toward the sky.(BOOK 1 CLEARING IN THE SKY)
 He stopped abruptly, stumbling over the words.(GOD BE
PRAISE)

 Abruptly Chips flamed up(MR. CHIPS)

Synonyms

Adverb▲
 I. With great suddenness

His abrupt departure is bound to raise questions.

precipitously,unanticipatedly,unceremonially,unceremoniously,short,suddenly,unexpecte
dly,hastily,hurriedly,precipitately,instantaneously,promptly,rapidly,speedily,fastly,expediti
ously,unannouncedly,blisteringly,rattlingly,dizzily,breathlessly,

II. Adverb for lacking consideration for others

He was abrupt to the point of rudeness. 

discourteously,rudely,disrespectfully,impolitely,uncivilly,ungraciously,boorishly,brusquely
,curtly,insolently,crassly,gracelessly,unchivalrously,ungallantly,audaciously,bluntly,impude
ntly,presumptuously,cheekily,churlishly,contumeliously,discourteously,rudely,disrespectf
ully,impolitely,uncivilly,ungraciously,boorishly,brusquely,curtly,insolently,crassly,graceles
sly,unchivalrously,ungallantly,audaciously,bluntly,impudently,presumptuously,cheekily,ch
urlishly,contumeliously,

Antonyms
 I. Opposite of with great suddenness

gently,gradually,progressively,slowly,steadily,inchmeal,piecemeal,regularly,unnoticeably,s
ubtly

II. Opposite of Adverb for lacking consideration for others

courteously,politely,considerately,attentively,gently,tactfully,amiably,kindly,cordially,respe
ctfully,thoughtfully,graciously,patiently,expansively,circuitously,civilly,friendlily,nicely,gen
teelly,genially,deferentially,gallantly,decently,artificially

Sentences

 Her next remark abruptly terminated the conversation.

 The meeting ended abruptly when the chairman was called away.
 The talks ended abruptly when one of the delegations walked out in protest.
 When he could stand it no longer, he rose abruptly to his feet.

8.Accentuated
TEXTUAL REFERENCE

Do I? Is my accent very bad?(play no 2 a visit to small planet)

‫زور دار لہجے میں ادا کرنا‬

Synonyms

Verb▲

I. Make more noticeable or prominent

 Lighting should accentuate the architectural features of a room.”

accent,highlight,stress,underline,feature,foreground,underscore,heighten,spotlight,well,inten
sify,amplify,augment,grow,swell,build,escalate,exacerbate,heighten,increase,magnify,mount,a
dvance,spike,spread,aggrandize,balloon,breed,concentrate,develop,mushroom,nurture,reinfo
rce,snowball,strengthen,bloom,boom,

Antonyms

Verb▲

I. Opposite of make more noticeable or prominent

Deemphasize,mask,minimise,underplay,divert,attention,from,gloss,over,make,light,play,down,
disguise,hide,cloak,screen,obscure,veil,conceal,camouflage,blanket,enshroud,downplay,skim,
over,moderate,understate,talk,down

Sentences

 The General wore white tie and tails that accentuated his normal elegance.
 Her face was set in a sad mask, accentuated by the wires that trembled to one side of her
cheek.
 The whole air of menace was accentuated by the fact that he was so cordial and soft-
voiced.
 The problem is accentuated by a shortage of water and electricity.

9.Anxieties
Textual reference
Grayson was excused lessons; for a whole day the School centred
emotionally upon his anxieties.(mr.chips)

‫تشویش‬

Textual reference
the School centred emotionally upon his anxieties

Synonyms

Noun▲

I. A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an

uncertain outcome

nervousness,angst,apprehensiveness,disquietude,perturbation,tension,fear,misgiving,sus
pense,agitation,consternation,stress,fearfulness,foreboding,fretfulness,trepidation,butter
flies,concern,uneasiness,worry,apprehension,unease,disquiet,distress,doubt,edginess,ne
rves,tenseness,worriment

II. A strong desire or concern to do something or for something to happen

“Their driving force was clearly their anxiety to cling to power.”

 desire,eagerness,yearning,keenness,longing,impatience,enthusiasm,avidity,hunger,zeal,t
hirst,earnestness,appetite,avidness,lust,excitement,ardor,desirousness,intentness,fervor,
passion,zest,intensity

Antonyms

I. Opposite of a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about

something with an uncertain outcome

calmness,calm,unconcern,assurance,cool,coolness,equanimity,imperturbability,peace,pea
cefulness,collectedness,composure,confidence,sangfroid,security,tranquillity,ease,equilib
rium,poise,serenity,sureness,belief

II. Opposite of a strong desire or concern to do something or for

something to happen

apathy,disinterest,indifference,acedia,unconcern,aloofness,complacence,dispassion,impa
ssivity,insensitivity,insouciance,nonchalance,stoicism,casualness,coolness,disinterestedn
ess,dispassionateness,disregard,impassiveness,incuriosity,insensibility

Sentences

 The mothers were able to share their anxieties with each other.
 There are anxieties over the effects of unemployment.
 Many editorials express their anxieties about the economic chaos in the country.
 Our anxieties can also be controlled by isolating thoughts, feelings and memories.

10.Boon
Textual reference

‫کرم‬

Synonyms

Noun▲

I. A thing that is helpful or beneficial

benefaction,break,compliment,donation,grant,gratuity,largess,bonus,gain,privilege,benedicti
on,bonanza,concession,felicity,good,luxury,manna,benefit,advantage,blessing,godsend,help,
aid,windfall,asset,benevolence,courtesy,grace,indulgence,cooperation,consideration,benigni
ty,accommodation kind act
 Antonyms

Noun▲

I. Opposite of a thing that is helpful or beneficial

disadvantage,curse,affliction,bane,drawback,encumbrance,evil,hindrance,impedi
ment,minus,plague,scourge,forfeit,harm,hurt,loss,misfortune,bad fortune,
obstacle bar,handicap,block,obstruction,difficulty,deterrent,check

Sentences

 The building scheme comes as an enormous boon for the building

industry.
 These machines have proved a real boon to disabled people.
 A bicycle is a real boon when you live in a small town.
 Guide dogs are a great boon to the partially sighted.

11.Bewilderment
Textual reference
” Chips began, in sheer bewilderment; and then he took up isolated words out of
that extraordinary indictment. “(mr.chips)

‫حیرانی‬

Textual reference

" Chips began, in sheer bewilderment

 Synonyms
Noun▲
I. A feeling of being perplexed and confused
disorientation,confusedness,distraction,fog,incomprehension,maze,muddle,surprise,
tangle,whirl,daze,bafflement,befuddlement,bemusement,puzzlement,confusion,per
plexity,mystification,bamboozlement,bewilderedness,abashment,awkwardness,emb
arrassment,disconcertment,uncertainty,dismay,perturbation,consternation
Antonyms
Noun▲
I. Opposite of a feeling of being perplexed and confused
clarity,expectation,calmness,composure,coolness,calm,peace,happiness,organization
,organisation,indifference,order,method,confidence,system,understanding,harmony,
tidiness,quiet,neatness,dullness,unexcitement,beauty,contentment
Sentences
 I can only reduce the painful uncertainty and bewilderment of those first few
days by learning relevant information quickly.
 She accepted the news of war with bewilderment and sadness; feelings she
soon learned to keep to herself.
 He wrote out his rage and bewilderment, which gradually became a form of
catharsis leading to understanding.
 I stood staring at them in utter bewilderment.

12.Briskly
Textual reference
So, while others were walking briskly to keep warm.(book 1 overcoat)

‫پھرتی سےتيزی سے‬

Synonyms
Adverb▲
 I. With great speed
“A trader said gold was selling  briskly  on the local market.”

presto,pronto,quick,snappily,soon,speedily,swift,swiftly,apace,quickly,rapidly,chop-
chop,double-
quick,fast,fleetly,nimbly,agilely,easily,gracefully,lightly,deftly,smartly,spryly,acrobatically,acti
vely,dexterously,lithely,quickly,skillfully,quickly,promptly,rapidly,smartly,vigorously,actively,
brusquely,efficiently,nimbly,readily,decisively,energetically,enthusiastically
II. Adverb for chilly, refreshing (weather)
The group traveled for the rest of the day in a brisk rain.”

invigoratingly,crisply,freshly,stimulatingly,bracingly,refreshingly,sharply,bitingly,exhilaratingl
y,keenly,nippily,chillily,coldly,healthfully,restoratively,rousingly,tonically,coolly,bitterly
Antonyms
I. Opposite of with great speed
slow,slowly,laggardly,ploddingly,tardily,gradually,sluggishly,leisurely,languidly,unhurriedly
moving,delayed,delinquently,casually,calmly,steadily,lingeringly,methodically
II. Opposite of adverb for chilly, refreshing (weather)
tiringly, wearisomely, boringly, depressingly, exhaustingly drainingly debilitatingly
 Sentences
 They briskly exchanged greetings before starting the session.
 Walking briskly can burn off a lot of calories.
 Remembering his duty, he strode briskly up the stairs, keeping his eyes open for any
suspicious signs.
 He walked briskly to the corner and turned right.

13.Bead
I am a cluster of bright beads(play 3 the delight song)

‫ قَط َرہ‬، ‫ موتی‬، ‫ َمنکا‬، ‫ تسبیح کا دانہ‬، ‫ وظیفہ‬، ‫ عبادت‬،

Synonyms
Noun▲
I. A drop of a liquid on a surface
“As I showered after a hard day at work, I appreciated each bead of water that
struck my body.”

drop,blob,droplet,bubble,dot,drip,driblet,glob,globule,pearl,tear,dewdrop,grain,particle,spec
k,teardrop,bean,dab
,dribble,ball,drib,pellet,gobbet,mass,lump,pill,spheroid,prill,trickle,plop,splash,leak
Noun▲
II. A small piece of glass, stone, or similar material that is typically round or
spherical
 “His design is a beautiful cherry wood bead and gold teardrop headpiece,
reminiscent of braids layered down the head.”

sphere,pearl,pellet,pill,spherule,globe,globule,ovoid,spheroid,oval,round
Antonyms
I. Opposite of a small drop of a liquid
Stream
II. Opposite of A small piece of glass, stone, or similar material that is typically
round or spherical
dollop,lump,chunk,helping,wad,portion,scoop,spoon,spoonful,serving,mass,gob,gobbet,clum
p,knob,ball
Sentences
 ‘she fastened the beads round my neck’
 A strand of coral beads hung round her neck.
 She threaded the beads carefully.
 He wore a string of wooden beads.

14.Brimming
‫ بھرا ہوا‬، ‫ لبالب‬، ‫ لبریز‬،

Synonyms
Adjective
▲
 I. Containing the maximum possible amount of that which can fit in
the space available
The chest was filled to the brim with silver bars.’

abounding,overcrowded,thronged,abundant,congested,brimful,bursting,chockablock,chockf
ul,chock-full,
,crowded,fat,filled,full,jammed,loaded,packed,stuffed,awash,flush,overflowing,overfull,teem
ing,topfull,level with,running over,swarming,chock-a-block,replete
Verb▲
I. Present participle for to fill to the brim, upper edge, or top
“Then she pulled her hand away, but not before I saw her eyes brim with tears.”

charging,cramming,filling,heaping,
loading,packing,stuffing,piling,squeezing,ramming,crowding
Antonyms
Adjective▲
I. Opposite of containing the maximum possible amount of that which can fit
in the space available
 bare,blank,devoid,vacant,void,unfilled,clear,barren,deserted,lacking,depleted,wanting,uncon
gested,unoccupied,vacated,uninhabited,evacuated,emptied,deficient
Verb▲
I. Opposite of present participle for to fill to the brim, upper edge, or top
clearing,emptying,evacuating,vacating,voiding,exhausting,discharging,unloading,expending,t
apping,unpacking,consuming,dissipating,depleting,unburdening,releasing,expelling,draining
Sentences
 Since she got the new job, she's been brimming with confidence.
 The waiter brought over a steaming pot brimming with seafood.
 England are brimming with confidence after two straight wins in the tournament.
 I was brimming with hopes for obtaining a good liberal arts education, then training in
journalism.

15.Baffling

‫ مایوس کن‬، ‫ حیران کن‬، ‫ پریشان کن‬،

Synonyms
Adjective▲
I. Puzzling and frustrating

intricate,secret,dark,convoluted,occult,mystic,ambiguous,inscrutable,arcane,complicated,co
mplex,deep,bewildering,confusing,enigmatic,incomprehensible,inexplicable,mysterious,mys
 tifying,perplexing,puzzling,unclear,unfathomable,weird,bemusing,elusive,abstruse,impenetr
able,obscure,
Antonyms
I. Opposite of puzzling and frustrating
clear,comprehensible,easy,obvious,fathomable,intelligible,simple,understandable,plain,evid
ent,apparent,manifest,patent,conspicuous,pronounced,transparent,palpable,prominent,mar
ked,decided,salient,striking,distinct,bold,noticeable
Sentences
 Some of the country's customs are baffling to outsiders.
 His baffling questions snarled me up.
 They succeeded in baffling the enemy's plan.
 It appears baffling because it seems to call no attention to itself.

16.Bashful
‫ شرمیال‬،‫ محجوب‬،‫خجل‬n ، ‫ جھینپو‬، ‫ جھجکو‬، ‫شرمیال‬

Synonyms
Adjective▲
 I. Not liking to be noticed
embarrassed,humble,recoiling,meek,overmodest,recessive,unconfident,wary,withdrawn,coy
,diffident,retiring,sheepish,shy,aw-
shucks,demure,modest,mousy,nervous,reserved,reticent,self-conscious,self-
effacing,shamefaced,shrinking,timid,timorous,reluctant,.
Antonyms
I. Opposite of not liking to be noticed
bold,confident,immodest,aggressive,arrogant,brash,conceited,extraverted,extroverted,fearl
ess,forward,intrepid,outgoing,pushy,egoistic,impudent,unabashed,unshy,impertinent,brave,
brazen,heroic,courageous,stalwart
Sentences
 Don't be bashful about telling people how you feel.
 Women should also remember that many men are bashful about discussing their feelings
out in the open.
 Most of people will feel bashful and unconfident in the social activities.
 The boy was too bashful to ask her to dance.

17.Beckoned
‫ اشارے سے بالنا‬، ‫خاطب َکرنا‬
ِ ‫ ُم‬، ‫ مائل َکرنا‬، ‫اشا َرہ دينا‬
‫بالنا‬

Synonyms

Verb▲

I. Appear attractive or inviting

‘‘‘A person beckoning someone else extends an arm with the palm turned
down and brings the fingers toward the wrist.’
invite,lure,attract,call,coax,draw,entice,pull,tempt,allure,charm,engage,fascinate,interest,
captivate,enchant,induce,persuade,bring,in,command,demand

II. Make a gesture with the hand, arm, or head to encourage or instruct
someone to approach or follow

‘‘I hope you will excuse me,’ he said, and beckoned to the soldier to follow
him.’

‘He beckoned to me to follow him out onto the dance floor, so I did as told.’

‘I snapped, but all the same beckoned to her to follow me.’

‘A policeman beckoned to Sykes and instructed him to follow him.’

gesture,signal,wave,motion,flag,gesticulate,indicate,nod,sign,call,summon,direct,point,si
gnalize, , incline,bow,dip,duck,wag,bobble,jog,jounce,

Antonyms

I. Opposite of appear attractive or inviting

deter,dismiss,push,repel,reply,repulse,discourage,dissuade,disgust,disenchant,offend,wa
rd off,avert,stop,prevent,release,liberate,lose

I. Opposite of to Make a gesture with the hand, arm, or head to

encourage or instruct someone to approach or follow

disregard,overlook,miss,discount,neglect,overpass,skip,bypass,whitewash,avoid,evade,fo
rget

Sentences

 He beckoned the waiter for the bill.

 Thirty seconds later she reappeared and beckoned them forward.
 Imperiously she beckoned me out of the room.
 The boss beckoned him into her office.

18.coveted
‫ انتہائی مرغوب‬،
‘Is there any time in the future when you could see yourself coveting the Leader's
job?’

Synonyms

Verb▲

I. To yearn to possess (something, especially something belonging to

another)

Wish for,ache for, choose,hanker,die for,dream of,hanker for,crave,desire,fancy,long

for,thirst for,want,yearn for, aspire to, begrudge, desiderate,envy,hanker,after,hunger
for,aim,intend,design,plan,purpose,aspire,mean,propose,

Antonyms

I. Opposite of to yearn to possess (something, especially something

belonging to another)

abjure,dislike,give,hate,be generous not detest,loathe,abhor,deplore, be averse

to,disdain,spurn,object to,
resent,scorn,repudiate,dismiss,ignore,decline,reject,repel,disregard,
snub,slight,avoid,spurn,refuse,rebuff,scorn,repudiate,shun,renounce.

Sentences

 These old stamps are eagerly coveted by collectors.

 . She always coveted power but never quite achieved it.

 She was the first woman to win this coveted prize.
 He had long coveted the chance to work with a famous musician.

19.Credentials
‫شہادت رسمیہ‬

i. Something that identifies a person

‘Checking out his credentials proved to be a difficult task.’
 papers,card,warrant,licence,passport,voucher,diploma,testimonial,title,certification,
deed,document,documents,
,missive,pass,permit,certificate,documentation,recommendation,references,
.
ii. Skills, ability or knowledge that make a person qualified for a
particular role or job
‘He had stellar academic credentials, a tremendous background, had
succeeded at everything he had done.’

ability,qualifications,attribute,capability,capacity,endowments,fitness,goods,qualifica
tion,skill,stuff,accomplishment,aptitude
“
antonyms
i. Opposite of something that identifies a person
disapproval,refusal,prohibition,veto,denial,interdiction,proscription,opposition,rejec
tion,breach,break,ban,restraint
ii. Opposite of a person's education and experience
ignorance,inability,inadequacy,ineptness,inaptitude,inexperience,lack,loss,weakness,
incompetence,incapability,disqualification,failing
sentences
 She had excellent credentials for the job.
 , All the candidates had excellent academic credentials.
 , I can testify to the credentials of the clientele.
  She has impeccable credentials as a researcher.
 Sarah certainly has the right credentials for this demanding position.”
 The policemen went to check the driver's credentials

20.Capacious
‘she rummaged in her capacious handbag’

‫ فراخ‬، ‫ وسیع کشادہ‬، ‫ ہَ َمہ گير‬، ‫ فَراخ‬، ‫ ُکشادَہ‬،

Synonyms

Adjective
I. Having a lot of space inside
prodigious,tremendous,mammoth,monster,limitless,strapping,burly,monumental,el
ephantine,monstrous,gargantuan,mountainous,good,major,boxcar,copious,astrono
mical,ample,commodious,roomy,spacious,extensive,generous,substantial,vast,volum
inous,big,broad,comprehensive,expansive,huge,large,sizable,sizeable,wide,abundant
,comfortable,dilatable,distensible,expandable,extended,immense,
Antonyms
I. Opposite of having a lot of space inside
cramped,small,limited,tight,confined,constricted,enclosed,narrow,restricted,tiny,inc
ommodious,insubstantial,poky,squeezed,ungenerous,restrained,held,bound,trapped
,straitened,close,mean,parsimonious,miserly,stingy,tightfisted
Sentences
 The van was capacious and he decided to fill up the space with a couple of
sacks of fuel.
 The front door of the capacious old mansion stood open.
  His forehead is capacious and high, but square and heavy and unpleasantly
shining.
 The rugged and capacious airframe offers plenty of scope for civilian
operators.

21.Collided with
، ‫ ٹکرا کے ملنا‬، ‫ اختالف ہونا‬، ‫ایک دوسرے سے ٹکرانا‬
‫ تصادم ہونا‬،‫ ٹکرانا‬،‫لڑنا‬

Synonyms

Verb▲

I. Hit by accident when moving

‘A youth was killed when a passenger train collided with his car on a level
crossing in East Yorkshire last night.’

crash,bang,hit,impact,slam,strike,bash,bump,impinge,knock,ram,smash,swipe,thud,
,bump into, ,crash into,run into, ,beat,cannon into,crunch
Verb▲

II. Come into conflict or opposition

‘Between those two opposing views, ideals collide and friendships are
strained.’

clash,conflict,differ,disaccord,discord,diverge,jar,disagree,quibble,wrangle,dispute,debat
e,demur, scrap,spat,altercate,bicker,object,fight

Antonyms
Verb▲
I. Opposite of hit by accident when moving
aid,fail,fix,help,lose,mend,tap,assist,raise,compliment,protect,retreat,halt,st
op,treat,well,surrender
II. Opposite of come into conflict or opposition
accord,blend,conform to,conform with,
fit,harmonize,match,coalesce,agree,consent,set
off,align,concur,correspond,coincide,cohere,comport,correlate
Sentences
 His car collided with another car during a heavy rainstorm.
 . The President has again collided with Congress over his budget
plans.
 A meteorite collided with Earth at the same time, delivering a one-
two punch to the magnetic field.
 He drove so recklessly that he collided with a tree and landed up in
hospital.

22.crudely
‫ بیوقوفی سے‬، ‫ بے عقلی سے‬، ‫ بے ڈھنگے طریقے سے‬، ‫ بے ڈھنگے پن سے‬،
 Textual reference
In practice there was one big obstacle: in its crude form penicillin was
unstable

Synonyms
Adverb▲
I. In a way that is unsatisfactory or inadequate

poorly,badly,inadequately,incompetently,unsuccessfully,deficiently,inexpertly,unsatisfactoril
y,defectively,abjectly,appallingly,faultily,imperfectly,unacceptably,abysmally
Adverb▲
II. In a rude manner

coarsely,crassly,indecently,rudely,vulgarly,impolitely,lewdly,obscenely,tastelessly,uncouthly,
roughly,uncivilly,grossly,loutishly,boorishly,commonly,ungraciously,insensibly
 Adverb▲
III. In an inaccurate manner

inaccurately,amiss,carelessly,clumsily,erroneously,imprecisely,improperly,inappropriately,ina
ptly,incorrectly,mistakenly,unsuitably,wrongly,badly,inadequately,inexactly,unfaithfully,unre
liably,unjustifiably,unpardonably,
Noun▲

Unrefined petroleum

coal,gasoline,kerosene,naphtha,polymer,hexane,naphthalene,propane,polypropylene,benze
ne,polyethylene,paraffin,wax,organic compound,methane,hydrocarbon,crude oil,
petroleum,black gold,coal oil,fossil oil
Antonyms
Adverb▲
I. Opposite of in a way that is unsatisfactory or inadequate
acceptably,adequately,satisfactorily,well,fine,good,nicely,palatably,passably,tolerably,compe
tently,expertly,sufficiently
II. Opposite of in a rude manner
 civilly,courteously,politely,lately,sophisticatedly,smoothly,highly,aristocratically,intellectually
,knowledgeably,decorously,discriminatingly,learnedly,eruditely,accurately
III. Opposite of in an inaccurate manner
appropriately,aptly,correctly,fittingly,properly,right,rightly,suitably,well,accurately
Sentences
 Why do you always have to put things so crudely?
 While you all do things elegantly, I do things crudely.
 He hated it when she spoke so crudely.
 To put it crudely, the poor are going without food so that the rich can drive cars.

23.confront
Textual reference
When confronting the enigma of the Chinese planet, too many Westerners have
forgotten the Asiatic background and painful colonial history(book 2 CHINA
WAY TO PROGRESS)

، ‫ ُمقابلہ َکرنا‬، ‫ سامنا َکرنا‬، ‫ سامنے رکھنا‬، ‫ دو چارہونا‬، ‫روبرو ہونا یا کرنا‬
، ‫ُمخالفَت َکرنا‬
‫ سامنے آنا‬،‫ سامنا کرنا‬،‫ مخالفت کرنا‬،‫جا بھڑنا‬.v.t

Textual reference

When confronting (face, tackle, undertake) the enigma (puzzle, riddle, problem) of the
Chinese planet
Synonyms
Verb▲
I. To come face to face with (someone) with hostile or argumentative intent
 resist,approach,assault,attack,meet,brazen,breast,dare,cope,with,dealwith,flout,front,provo
ke,repel,scorn,defy,tackle,beard,challenge,face,brave,oppose,accost,resist,approach,assault,
attack,meet,brazen,breast,dare,
Verb▲
II. To accuse someone of

tax,accuse,blame,charge,arraign,impeach,censure,incriminate,indict,condemn,denou
nce,prosecute,impugn,criminate,impute,inculpate,present,reproach,reprove,
Antonyms
I. Opposite of To come face to face with (someone) with hostile or argumentative
intent
placate,allay,appease,mollify,pacify,reconcile,alleviate,conciliate,defuse,mitigate,settle,ameli
orate,assuage,calm,contain,control,ease,propitiate,quell,relieve,
II. Opposite of to accuse someone of
exonerate,clear,acquit,exculpate,vindicate,approve,free,praise,release,unburden
Sentences
 She decided to confront her boss about the situation with direct questioning.
 She didn't want to confront the inescapable fact that she would have to sell the house.
 We are learning how to confront death.
 He would have liked to be able to confront and examine his own previous self.
24.compelled
I am not to be compelled to dig the man's grave.”(BOOK 1 THE FOOLISH QUACK)

I was compelled to dig her grave! ” .”(BOOK 1 THE FOOLISH QUACK)

، ‫ مہربانی کرنا‬، ‫ مجبور کرنا‬، ‫زبردستی کرنا‬

‫مجبور‬.

Textual reference

I am not to be compelled to dig the man’s grave.

Synonyms
Verb
I. To have caused someone to do something, usually against their inclinations

made,forced,pressured,coerced,required,drove,induced,obliged,pressed,browbeat,caused,c
ommanded,constrained,impelled,impressed,demanded,intimidated,obligated,ordered,railro
aded,strong-armed,willed,badgered
Verb▲
II. To have been persuaded based on available information
 led,caused,induced,prompted,persuaded,moved,swayed,influenced,motivated,conditioned,
drove,predisposed,inclined,made,convinced,disposed,impelled,affected,biased,

Antonyms

I. Opposite of to have caused someone to do something, usually against their

inclinations
asked,convinced,persuaded,requested,cajoled,coaxed,encouraged,urged,appealed,begged,b
eseeched,besought,enticed,invited,reasoned, ,allowed,let,motivated
II. Opposite of to have been persuaded based on available information
dissuaded,disinclined,discouraged,indisposed,deterred,diverted,put,off,stopped,halted,,dela
yed,obstructed,hindered,blocked,checked,restrained,prevented
Sentences
 They were often compelled to work eleven or twelve hours a day.
 Over the years her work has compelled universal admiration and trust.
 His performance compelled the audience's attention .
 I feel compelled to write and tell you how much I enjoyed your book.

25.coaxed
Aw, come on,” I coaxed, “just open your mouth wide and let me take a look.”(BOOK
1 THE USE OF FORCE)

، ‫ پرچا کر راہ پر النا‬، ‫ ِکسی کو رفتہ رفتہ پُھسال کر‬، ‫ بہکانا‬، ‫ لبھانا‬، ‫ھسالنا‬
‫ دالرنا‬،‫ چاپلوسی کرنا‬،‫ پچارا دینا‬،‫ پھسالنا‬،‫ پٹی پڑھانا‬،‫چمکارنا‬.v.t
 Textual reference

Aw, come on,” I coaxed “just open your mouth wide and let me take a look

Synonyms
Verb▲
I. To fondle, kid, pet

flatter,inveigle,persuade,allure,blarney,lure,maneuver,compel,attract,deceive,instigate,solicit
,pressure,entrap,palaver,seduce,temptcajole, sweettalk,wheedle,beguile,blandish,entice,
II. To ask someone earnestly or anxiously to do something

entreat,beg,petition,implore,appeal,
,beseech,importune,supplicate,conjure,enjoin,exhort,request,pray
Antonyms
Verb▲
I. Opposite of to fondle, kid, pet, tease
 bully,force,intimidate,threaten,allow,browbeat,coerce,discourage,disenchant,disgust,dissua
de,harass,please,repel,repulse not,care,turn
off,scare,pressure,terrify,frighten,press,menace,subdue,
II. Opposite of to To ask someone earnestly or anxiously to do something
repel,resist,buck,defy,oppose,fight
Sentences
 The government coaxed them to give up their strike by promising them temporary residence
permits.
 The director coaxed a brilliant performance out of the cast.
 He watched with great interest how she coaxed the animals towards her.
 She coaxed the horse into coming a little closer.

26.comprehension

‫ َمعانی و تَعلُقات ذہنی طَور پر َس َمجھ جانا‬، ‫ ادراک‬، ‫ سمجھ‬، ‫ فہم‬، ‫ادراک‬
‫ وقوف‬،‫ سمجھ‬،‫ ادراک‬،‫فہم‬.n

Synonyms
Noun▲
I. The ability to understand something
perception,grip,awareness,cognizance,discernment,appreciation,cognition,hold,percipience,,sens
e,intelligence,interpretation,judgement,ability,awareness,intelligence,details,discernment,divinati
on,evidence,understanding,grasp,apprehension,conception,knowledge,
Antonyms
Antonyms
I. Opposite of the ability to understand something
incomprehension,ignorance,misapprehension,misunderstanding,unawareness,inability,misinterpr
etation,mistake,innocence,nescience,unfamiliarity,obliviousness,benightedness,stupidity,misconc
eption,unconsciousness,blindness,ineptness
Sentences
 The task requires a good comprehension of complex instructions.
 The second passage for reading comprehension on the examination paper foxed me
completely; I couldn't understand it at all.
 We tried to explain the causes of the war at a child's level of comprehension.
 He has no comprehension of the size of the problem.

27.curious
The textual reference
He experienced a curious longing to see some more of the strange and mighty
desert before leaving the country, perhaps for good. (Button, Button)

She tried to smile but couldn't. “Aren't you curious at all?”(BOOK 2 HITCH HIKING
ACROSS THE SAHARA)

، ‫ طالب‬، ‫ مشتاق‬، ‫ متجسّس‬، ‫ آ َگہی طَلَب‬، ‫ ُمشتاق‬، ‫تج ِسس‬

َ ‫ُم‬
‫ تعجب انگیز‬،‫ نراال‬،‫ متجسس‬،‫ مشتاق‬،‫ کھوجی‬،‫انوکھا‬.a

She tried to smile but couldn't. “Aren't you curious at all?”

Synonyms
Adjective▲
 I. Having an attraction to

inquisitive,probing,questioning,quizzical,enquiring,interrogative,investigative,querying,scr
utinizing,enthusiastic,examining,inspecting,fascinated,interested,intrigued,keen,agog,eag
er,excited,moved,attentive,captivated
II. Differing in some way from the norm

odd,bizarre,peculiar,strange,funny,queer,unexpected,unusual,eccentric,mysterious,puzzli
ng,weird,abnormal,anomalous,atypical,offbeat,different,outlandish,unfamiliar,unique,ine
xplicable,intriguing,mystifying,unnatural,perplexing
Antonyms
I. Opposite of Having an attraction to
apathetic,incurious,uncurious,uninterested,disinterested,indifferent,uninquisitive,emotio
nless,unconcerned,unemotional,unmoved,detached,listless,phlegmatic,unresponsive,bor
ed,dispassionate,uninvolved,lackadaisical,languid,lukewarm,numb
II. Opposite of differing in some way from the norm
ordinary,common,conventional,plain,usual,average,commonplace,familiar,normal,modes
t,regular,standard,unremarkable,homespun,indifferent,prosaic,unexceptional,humdrum,
mediocre,pedestrian,undistinguished,characterless
Sentences
  Don't be too curious about things you are not supposed to know.
 He felt a curious mixture of excitement and panic.
 We received a number of curious stares from passers-by.
 I was curious to know what would happen next.

28.casually
“Is that so, Harry?” Sam said, casually.(BOOK 1 DAR THEY WERE GOLDEN EYED)

. He glances back at the door, then turns his attention once more to the paper and
begins going through it casually.(PLAY NO 1 HEAT LIGHTNING)

، ‫ ناگاہ‬، ‫ بال ارادہ‬، ‫ کبھی کبھار‬، ‫ یونہی‬، ً ‫اتفاقا‬

‫ ناگاہ‬،ً‫ اتفاقا‬،‫بال ارادہ‬.adv

Textual reference

"Is that so, Harry?" Sam said, casually

Synonyms
Adverb▲
I. In a calm manner
 calmly,dispassionately,impassively,nonchalantly,collectedly,composedly,coolly,eq
uably,imperturbably,placidly,sedately,serenely,tranquilly,unflinchingly,easily,even
ly,motionlessly,peacefully,
II. In a natural or normal way

informally,naturally,normally,simply,genuinely,spontaneously,unaffectedly,unpre
tentiously,
comfortably,openly,ordinarily,unceremoniously,friendlily,uninhibitedly,sloppily,pl
ainly
Adverb▲
III. Adverb for not regular or permanent
 irregularly,occasionally,inconstantly,intermittently,choppily,cyclically,discontinuo
usly,episodically,erratically,fitfully,inconsistently,periodically,spasmodically,spasti
cally
IV. Adverb for made or done without much thought or premeditation

randomly,passingly,spontaneously,parenthetically,trivially,unpremeditatedly,unt
hinkingly,unguardedly,ill
Antonyms
I. Opposite In a calm manner
concernedly,affectedly,interestedly,involvedly,connectedly,relatedly
II. Opposite In a natural or normal way
formally,elegantly,classily,dressily,elaborately,chicly,fashionably,ornately,ceremo
nially,smartly
III. Opposite for not regular or permanent
Permanently
at,length,firmly,regularly,solidly,stably,securely,extendedly,lengthily,long-
termly,steadily
IV. Opposite for made or done without much thought or
premeditation
circumspectly,sensibly,calculatedly,cogently,intelligently,judiciously,measuredly,t
houghtfully,advisedly
Sentences
  I casually mentioned that I might be interested in working abroad.
 She picked up the package and casually tossed it into her bag.
 He casually waved over the waitress and settled the bill.
 I spend most of my time in the house with young children, so I
dress casually.

29.confining

، ‫ حد کے اندر رکھنا‬، ‫ حد سے نہ بڑھنے دینا‬، ‫ آخری حد‬، ‫ سرحد‬، ‫فرنٹیر‬

، ‫روکنا‬

‫ سرحد‬،‫آخری حد‬.n

Textual reference

But though this was the last of Pasteur’s great discoveries, its results were by no means
confined
Synonyms
Verb▲
I. To put in or as if in prison
 circumscribe,commit,encircle,encompass,hold,captive,hurdle,jug,ring,surround,box
in,impound,lock up,trap,coop,shut in,shut
up,bind,bound,imprison,incarcerate,intern,enclose,immure,cage,keep,
Verb▲
II. To become or make less wide

narrow,constrict,contract,diminish,taper,choke,compact,compress,condense,cramp,reduce,r
estrict,shrink,strangle,

 
Antonyms

Verb▲
I. Opposite of to put in or as if in prison
release,discharge,free,liberate,allow,ignore,increase,loose,loosen,neglect,open,permit,unbin
d,unfasten,
,help,aid,encourage,lose,promote,exceed,unloose,set,free,facilitate,stop,expand,untie,unsha
ckle,unfetter,
Verb▲
II. Opposite of To become or make less wide
assail,assault,attack,face,free,harm,hurt,injure,loose,meet,release,
,reveal,liberate,reject,exclude,uncover,unwrap,take out,unloose,leave out
Sentences
 I had remained virtually silent throughout this meeting, confining myself to copious note-
taking.
 There is merit in confining all this data to one sheet of paper.
 The area was placed under curfew, confining all residents to their homes..
 Many such programmes are unnecessarily harsh and increase isolation by confining the
patient to bed.
30.Crammed
، ‫مکمل طور پر بھرا ہوا‬
‫کھچا کھچ‬.a

Synonyms
Adjective▲
I. Containing or seeming to contain the greatest quantity or number possible

brimful,brimming,bursting,chockablock,chockful,chock-
full,crowded,fat,filled,full,jammed,jam-
packed,loaded,packed,stuffed,cramped,full,up,overflowing,teeming,chock-a-
block,overcrowded,swarming,overfull,congested,heaving,thronged
Verb▲
II. Past tense for to study intensively over a short period of time just before an
examination

studied,swotted,lucubrated,revised,conned,ground,grinded,learned,reviewed,perused
Antonyms
 Adjective▲
I. Opposite of containing or seeming to contain the greatest quantity or
number possible
bare,blank,devoid,empty,stark,vacant,void,deserted,unfilled,clear,barren,uninhabited,lackin
g,uncongested,depleted,wanting,uncrowded,needy,emptied,unoccupied,unloaded,vacated,e
vacuated,operating,imprecise,exhausted
II. Opposite of past tense for to study intensively over a short period of time
just before an examination
Forgot,disremembered,unlearned,unlearnt,neglected,ignored,disregarded,omitted,failed,ov
erlooked,disremembered,misrecollected,obliviated,unlearned,unlearnt
Sentences
 The house is crammed with priceless furniture and works of art.
 The town centre is crammed with funny little shops.
 The hall was crammed with many people standing..
 The streets were crammed with people.

31.confirm
، ‫ ُمستَحکم َکرنا‬، ‫ پکا َکرنا‬، ‫ َمظبوط َکرنا‬، ‫ قدم جمانا‬، ‫ پکا کرنا‬، ‫مستحکم کرنا‬
‫ تصدیق کرنا‬،‫ پکا کرنا‬،‫ حامی بھرنا‬،‫بات پکی کرنا‬.v.t

Synonyms
Verb▲
 I. To give evidence or testimony to the truth or factuality
endorse,ratify,affirm,approve,formalize,legitimize,recognize,sanction,support,attest,justify,vi
ndicate,certify,establish,uphold,back,verify,corroborate,substantiate,validate,authenticate,p
rove,affirm,certify,testify,assert,attest,avouch,asseverate,
Antonyms
Verb▲
I. Opposite of to give evidence or testimony to the truth or factuality
contradict,disprove,rebut,refute,annul,cancel,confuse,repudiate,destroy,disagree,disconfirm
,discredit,infirm,invalidate,oppose,refuse,counter,deny,gainsay,void,controvert,disaffirm,dis
pute,negate,confute,disavow,disclaim
Sentences
 When do you think the president will confirm you in office?
 The spokesman refused either to confirm or deny the reports.
 Please confirm your acceptance of this offer in writing.
 Your booking will automatically lapse unless you confirm it

32.cautioned
Agricultural mechanization is being introduced with considerable caution
so as to avoid upsetting the balance.(CHINA WAY TO PROGRESS)

، ‫ ہوشیاری‬، ‫ ہدایت‬، ‫ انتباہ‬، ‫ آگاہی‬، ‫ تنبیہ‬، ‫ خبرداری‬، ‫احتیاط‬

‫احتیاط‬.
، ‫ضمانت برائے ادائیگی وجوب‬

Synonyms
Noun▲
I. Care taken to avoid danger or mistakes
precaution,judiciousness,sagacity,judgment,wisdom,cautiousness,gingerliness,caginess,mind
fulness,canniness,care,circumspection,prudence,discretion,heed,heedfulness,vigilance,warin
ess,alertness,carefulness,chariness,forethought,guardedness,watchfulness,attention,attentiv
eness,awareness,
Noun▲
II. An official or legal warning, typically given to someone who has committed
an offense

admonition,admonishment,warning,injunction,reprimand,notice,monition,rebuke,reproof,sc
olding,ultimatum,carpeting,censure,upbraiding,castigation,berating,forewarning,
Verb▲
III. To issue an official or legal warning to

berate,chide,upbraid,censure,reproach,castigate,chastise ,
Antonyms
Noun▲
I. Opposite of care taken to avoid danger or mistakes
recklessness,carelessness,incaution,brashness,heedlessness,incautiousness,unwariness,darin
g,imprudence,rashness,disregard,ignorance,indiscretion,neglect,negligence,thoughtlessness,
bravery,courage,nerve,audacity,bottle
II. Opposite of An official or legal warning, typically given to someone who has
committed an offense
 reassurance,encouragement,hope,assurance,comfort,persuasion
III. Opposite of To issue an official or legal warning to
compliment,praise,acclaim,applaud,approve,commend,extol,laud,exonerate,flatter,help,con
gratulate,allow,permit,cheer,big,up,reward,clap,credit,hail,salute
Sentences
 . We were cautioned not to drive too fast.
 . They were cautioned to speak as little as possible.
 The two men were cautioned but police say they will not be charged.
 The government cautioned that pay increases could lead to job losses.

33.Captivated
You whom this age's way so captivate!(BOOK 1
LESSON I HAVE A DREAM)

‫ محو‬،‫گرفتار‬

Synonyms

Verb▲
I. To attract and hold interest and attention of

capture,involve,amuse,bedazzle,wow,enamor,preoccupy,entertain,gratify,hold,hook,intri
gue,
,absorb,allure,beguile,bewitch,charm,enchant,,fascinate,ravish,attract,dazzle,enrapture,e
nsnare,entrance,infatuate,seduce,delight,engross,enslave,grip,kill,lure

Antonyms
Verb▲

I. Opposite of to attract and hold interest and attention of

repel,bore,disenchant,disgust,repulse,alienate,annoy,depress,disappoint,disillusion,displ
ease,dissuade,disturb,fail,forget,free,liberate,lose,offend,pain,refuse,reject,release,stop,ti
re,upset,let go,turn off,disabuse,undeceive

Sentences

 The children were captivated by his thrilling story.

 The schoolboys were captivated by the adventures of the heroes in the animated
cartoon.
 The kindergarten children were captivated by the variety of animals in the zoo.
 They were captivated by the beautiful village, played croquet on the lawn and
altogether had a delightful time.

34.condescended
، ‫ جُھکنا‬، ‫ اِنکسار َکرنا‬، ‫فَروتنی َکرنا‬
‫ انکسار کرنا‬،‫ فرو تنی کرنا‬،‫ جھکنا‬،‫دبنا‬

Synonyms
I. Do something in such a way as to emphasize that one clearly regards it as
below one's dignity or level of importance
 deign,stoop,vouchsafe,descend,bend,submit,consent,demean,oneself,humble,lower,oneself,
unbend,accommodate,accord,acquiesce,agree,comply,concede,debase,oneself,demean,gran
t,humble, oblige
Verb▲
II. Treat in a way that is apparently kind or helpful

disdain,humiliate,stoop,denigrate,indulge,snub,condescendto,deign,demean,infantili
ze,

Antonyms

I. Opposite of do something in such a way as to emphasize that one clearly

regards it as below one's dignity or level of importance
contradict,decline,deny,disagree,disallow,disapprove,disobey,dispute,dissent,fight,hinder,op
pose,prevent,protest,refuse,reject,resist,veto,withhold,rise,above
,hold,head,high,grow,straighten,increase,rise
II. Opposite of Treat in a way that is apparently kind or helpful
elevate,improve,promote,aggrandize,exalt,ennoble,advance,boost,dignify,further,heighten,
Sentences
 When giving a talk, be careful not to condescend to your audience..
 I do wish he wouldn't condescend to the junior staff in his department.
 I never thought he would condescend to betraying his friends.
 Some people will never condescend to help their wives with the housework. Setences

35.criteria
‫کسوٹی ۔ معيار ۔ اصول ۔ جانچ کا اصول‬
Synonyms
Noun▲
I. Plural for a principle or standard by which something may be
judged or decided
. ‫کسی اصول یا معیار کے لئے جمع جس کے ذریعہ کسی چیز کا فیصلہ کیا‬
‫جاسکتا ہے‬

formulae,scales,bar,grades,guides,guidelines,norms,rules,barometers,bases,canons,pars,prin
ciples,standards,measures,tests,touchstones,yardsticks,benchmarks,indicators,law,marks,me
trics,proof,specifications,conventions,

Noun▲
II. Rules used to determine one's choices
‫قواعد جو کسی کے انتخاب کا تعین کرتے ہیں‬
principles,rules,doctrine,standards,beliefs,code,creeds,ethics,maxims,notions,attitude,axiom
s,canons,credos

Antonyms

Noun▲
I. Opposite of a principle or standard by which something may be
judged or decided
change,conjecture,fancy,guess,possibility,probability,photographer,chance,likelihood,odds,p
rospect,likeliness,expectation,liability,possibility,chances,percentage,presumption,anticipatio
n,conceivability,contingency,credibility,feasibility,hazard,plausibility
Noun▲
II. Opposite of a rule used to determine one's choices
ambiguity,effect,end,result,disorganization,lawlessness,unbelief,veto,bad,manners,unemplo
yment,disorder
Sentences
 What criteria are used for assessing a student's ability?
 There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.
 People use different criteria for judging success at school.
 The school's performance is measured against a strict set of criteria.

36.daintily

Synonyms
Adverb▲
I. In a graceful manner
 ‫مکرم انداز میں‬

delicacy,subtly,finely,lightly,elegantly,gracefully,softly,tactfully,carefully,deftly,exquis
itely,sensitively,beautifully,prettily,attractively,lovelily,appealingly,beautifully,fetchin
gly,charmingly,cutely,sweetly,nicely,pleasingly,bonnily,fairly,gracefully,handsomely,p
repossessingly,comelily,darlingly
II. Moving easily
‫آسانی سے آگے بڑھ رہے ہیں‬

fluidly,frictionlessly,steadily,quietly,regularly,rhythmically,easily,effortlessly,swimmin
gly,easy,facilely,fluently,freely,evenly,constantly,steadily,uniformly,fluently,levelly
Antonyms
Adverb▲
I. Opposite of in a graceful manner
clumsily,stiffly,bunglingly,carelessly,fumblingly,gawkily,gracelessly,inelegantly,ineptly
,uncouthly,rudely,ponderously,inexpertly,
II. Opposite of Moving easily
arduously,hardly,laboriously,strenuously,disastrously,difficultly,assiduously,resolutel
y,purposefully,intently,determinedly,industriously,diligently,hard,actively,tirelessly
Sentences
o The invitation cards were written up daintily in white and gold.
o She walked daintily down the steps.
o She skipped daintily down the street, holding her father's hand.

o She was taking tiny bites of a hot dog and daintily wiping her lips with a
napkin.
 37.dispensing
‫ استثنا‬، ‫ دوا سازی‬، ‫نسخہ سازی‬
Verb▲
I. Dole out supply
‫باہر کی فراہمی‬

disburse ,administer,deal out,parcel out,portion,expend,designate,impart,spread,blow,lay

out,splurge
,distribute,allocate,apportion,allot,assign,hand,out,bestow,prorate,confer,pass,out,pass,rou
nd,supply,dish out,divide
Verb▲
II. To supply or make up a medicine or prescription
 ‫کسی دوا یا نسخے کی فراہمی یا قضاء کرنا‬

prepare,mix,supply,measure,provide,sell,make up,give,offer,deliver,bestow,confer,impart,
yield,present ,purvey,proffer, furnish,grant,accord,transfer,produce,hand,over
Antonyms
 Verb▲
I. Opposite of dole out supply
collect,misallocate,attach,combine,conceal,disorganize,gather,hide,hoard,hold,join,keep,r
etain,secret,take,unite,withhold,misuse,mismanage,waste,misapply,misdirect,refuse
Verb▲
II. Opposite of To supply or make up a medicine or prescription
give,produce,bear,return,earn,generate,provide,afford,net,supply,fetch,pay,accrue,beget,bri
ng,contribute,create,make,bestow,
Sentences
 Several politicians were accused of dispensing favours to people who voted for them.
 Doctors confine themselves to prescribing rather than dispensing.
 The firm has been dispensing ointments.
 They were charged with dispensing justice and avenging violations of the natural order.

38.dispute
، ‫ بحث کرنا‬، ‫ اختالف رائے‬، ‫ تکرار‬، ‫ نزاع‬، ‫ مجادلہ‬، ‫ مناظرہ‬، ‫ مباحثہ‬، ‫بحث‬
‫ اختالف راۓ کرنا‬، ‫ تنا ُزع کرنا‬، ‫ جھگڑا کرنا‬، ‫ جھگڑنا‬، ‫ مناظرہ کرنا‬، ‫مباحثہ کرنا‬
Synonyms
Noun▲
I. An (often hostile) expression of differing opinions
‫ایک (اکثر دشمن) مختلف رائےوں کا اظہار‬

disagreement,arguing,clash,contention,controversy,discourse,rhubarb,words,bicker,discussi
on,scrap,brawl,broil,contretemps,disturbance,fight,fracas,fuss,hassle,argument,debate,quarr
el,squabble,altercation,feud,
Noun▲
II. (law) A legal or court action
‫(قانون) ایک قانونی یا عدالتی کارروائی‬ ‫۔‬
 cause,case,contention,lawsuit,side,action,suit

Antonyms
Noun▲
I. Opposite of an (often hostile) expression of differing opinions
agreement,calm,concord,concurrence,peace,quiet,harmony,accord,reconciliation,calmness,t
ruce,ease,happiness,praise,sameness,order,likeness,similarity,compliment,aid,approval,help,
concordance,unity,contentment
Noun▲
II. Opposite of( law) A legal or court action
prohibition,ban,embargo,moratorium,outlawing,prevention,prohibiting,banning,barring,disal
lowance,forbiddance,proscription,restriction,bar,constraint,forbidding,interdict
Sentences
 She handed in her resignation following the dispute over company policy.
 The border dispute was used as a pretext for military intervention.
 The matter was settled beyond dispute by the court judgment .
 They have been unable to settle/resolve the dispute over working conditions.

39.distract
، ‫ اصل نُقطے سے ہٹانا‬، ‫ ُرخ بدلنا‬، ‫ موڑنا‬، ‫ پھیرنا‬، ‫ مجذوب‬، ‫ بد حواس‬، ‫پریشان‬
‫ پریشان کرنا‬، ‫ خیال منتشر کرنا‬، ‫بھٹکانا‬
 Synonyms
Verb▲
I. To draw the attention or mind to something else
‫کسی اور چیز پر توجہ یا دماغ کھینچنے کے لیے‬
bewilder,confound,confuse,deflect,detract,madden,puzzle,torment,beguile,derange,discom
pose,disconcert,draw,engross,entertain,occupy,perplex,absorb,addle,befuddle,divert,disturb
,sidetrack,agitate,trouble,abstract,amuse,
Antonyms
Verb▲
I. Opposite of to draw the attention or mind to something else
anger,bore,clarify,comfort,explain,help,tire,upset,clear,up,make,happy,soothe,calm,quiet,co
mpose,settle,aid,assist,enlighten,appease
Sentences
 It was another attempt to distract attention from the truth.
 Don't distract my attention I'm trying to study!
 The film managed to distract me from these problems for a while.
 It was all a ploy to distract attention from his real aims.

40.drummed
‫ دہل‬، ‫ نقارہ‬، ‫ ڈھول‬، ‫ ڈھولن‬، ‫ ہیلن‬، ‫ طیل‬، ‫ دُہل‬، ‫ ڈھول‬،

Synonyms
Verb▲
I. Past tense for to strike or cause to strike lightly and usually rhythmically
‫حملہ کرنا یا ہلکا پھلکا حملہ کرنا حملہ کرنا یا ہلکا پھلکا حملہ کرنا‬
 pounded,struck,stricken,thrashed,thrummed,thumped,hit,pulsated,reverberated,throbbed,t
hudded,boomed,roared,strummed,thundered,played,the,drums,hit,lightly,patted,pounded,s
truck,stricken,thrashed,thrummed,thumped,rapped,tapped,tattooed,knocked,lashed
Noun▲
II. A cylindrical container or receptacle
‫یک بیلناکار کنٹینر یا استقبال‬

barrel,canister,can,cylinder,tank,container,bin,tin,cask,holder,receptacle,repository,vessel,va
t,butt,tub
Antonyms
I. Opposite of to strike or cause to strike lightly and usually rhythmically
commend,compliment,praise,approve,exonerate,laud
II. Opposite of A cylindrical container or receptacle
pot,tank,bag,basket,depot,hopper,magazine,pouch,unrounded,

Sentences
 She drummed her fingers impatiently on the table.
 They drummed a rhythm for dancers.
 The importance of good manners was drummed into us at an early age.
 Traditional values were drummed into him from an early age.

41.dilapidated
‫ شکستگی کی حالت‬، ‫ جو خستہ حالت میں ہو‬، ‫ خستہ حال‬، ‫ شکستہ‬، ‫ٹُوٹا پُھوٹا‬
‫ میں‬،

Synonyms
Adjective▲
I. Having fallen into a state of disrepair or deterioration,
especially through neglect
‫ خاص طور پر کوتاہی کے ذریعے‬، ‫ناامیدی یا بگاڑ کی حالت میں پڑنا‬

derelict,decrepit,deteriorated,deteriorating,battered,damaged,decayed,decaying,dingy,dum
py,ramshackle,ruined,rumpty,rundown,run,down,shabby,slummy,tattered,uncared,unmaint
ained,wrecked,bedraggled,crumbling,crumbly,crummy
Adjective▲
II. Low, or very bad, in condition or quality
‫ یا بہت خراب‬، ‫ معیار کے لحاظ سے کم‬، ‫حالت‬
wretched,atrocious,awful,terrible,bad,dismal,inferior,mediocre,miserable,poor,sleazy,substa
ndard,unsatisfactory,abject,dire,dreadful,lousy,pathetic,punk,trashy
Verb▲
III. Past tense for to go into decline
‫زوال میں جانے کے لئے‬

failed,declined,degenerated,deteriorated,diminished,faded,flagged,regressed,atrophied,retr
ograded,retrogressed,collapsed,depreciated,disimproved,ebbed, drooped
Antonyms
Adjective▲
a. Opposite of having fallen into a state of disrepair or deterioration,
especially through neglect
good,healthy,intact,neat,nice,pristine,rebuilt,repaired,smart,sound,stable,repair,perfect,enti
re,complete,undamaged,unscathed,untouched,flawless
Adjective▲
II. Low, or very bad, in condition or quality
luxurious,elaborate,fancy,pretentious,comfortable,extravagant,grand,grandiose,indulgent,la
vish,lush,posh,gratifying,impressive,magnificent,majestic,plush,ritzy,splendid,upscale
Verb▲
III. Opposite of Past tense for to go into decline
improved,uncorrupt,pure,uncorrupted,purified,wholesome,kind,decent,clean,good,upright,
moral, unpolluted,clean-living,virtuous,noble,honorable
Sentences .
 They bought a dilapidated house when they got married, and are gradually doing it
up.
 The house is a little more dilapidated than when I last saw it
 The building wore a dilapidated look.
 His sons have dilapidated the estate.

42.disconsolately
‫ عاجزانہ‬، ‫ غمگینی کے ساتھ‬، ‫ بے چارگی سے‬، ‫ بے کسانہ‬، ‫ مایوسانہ‬،

Synonyms
Adverb▲
I. In a manner which suggests that one is beyond consolation
‫جس انداز سے یہ پتہ چلتا ہے کہ کوئی تسلی سے باالتر ہے‬
bleakly,dejectedly,drearily,inconsolably,unconsolably,miserably,gloomily,forlornly,glumly,sad
ly,wretchedly,dismally,desolately,elegiacally,unhappily,melancholily,depressedly,morosely,d
espondently,mournfully,downcastly,dolefully,sorrowfully,cheerlessly,bluely,crestfallenly,dow
nheartedly,joylessly
Antonyms
Adverb▲
 I. Opposite of in a manner which suggests that one is beyond consolation
consolably,happily,sunnily,joyously,buoyantly,joyfully,gleefully,gladly,jubilantly,gladsomely,b
lissfully,merrily,optimistically,frolicsomely,elatedly,genially,good-,positively,jocundly
Sentences
 He wandered disconsolately around the town in the pouring rain.
 When I left he was gazing about disconsolately, still trying to get the idea.
 A dilapidated house stands disconsolately amid the rubbles.
 My thoughts strayed from that question as I looked disconsolately at the fire.

43.delicately
‫ احتیاط کے ساتھ‬، ‫ نفاست کے ساتھ‬، ‫ نزاکت سے‬،

Synonyms
Adjective▲
I. Very fine in texture or structure, especially of intricate workmanship or
quality
 ‫ساخت یا ساخت میں خاص طور پر پیچیدہ کاریگری یا معیار کے لحاظ سے بہت عمدہ‬

nice,soft,detailed,nuanced,sheer,wispy,chiffony,diaphanous,feathery,flimsy,floaty,ga
uzy,gentle,gossamer,insubstantial,light,papery,silky,thin,choice,fine,dainty,exquisite,i
ntricate,elegant,
Adjective▲
II. easily broken or damaged
‫آسانی سے ٹوٹ گیا‬
 frail,feeble,weak,debilitated,sickly,ailing,infirm,fragile,unhealthy,weakly,indisposed,l
anguid,tender,weakened,enervated,enfeebled,incapacitated,sapped,crippled
Adjective▲
III. Requiring sensitive or careful handling
‫حساس یا محتاط ہینڈلنگ کی ضرورت ہے‬

sensitive,difficult,touchy,sticky,ticklish,tricky,complicated,contentious,intricate,prickl
y,problematic,problematical,thorny
Antonyms
Adjective▲
I. Opposite of very fine in texture or structure, especially of intricate
workmanship or quality
coarse,rough,strong,harsh,inexact,sturdy,abrasive,caustic,crude,hard,imprecise,inacc
urate,infrangible,nonbreakable,robust,scathing,stern,tough,unbreakable,ungentle,ca
llous,firm,healthful,heavy,horrible,indelicate,inelegant,loud
Adjective▲
II. (of an object) Opposite of easily broken or damaged
sturdy,infrangible,strong,tough,durable,hardy,robust,firm,reliable,resilient,hefty,rug
ged, stable,uncompromising,able,steadfast,flexible,solid,undestroyable
 Adjective▲
III. Opposite of requiring sensitive or careful handling
uncontroversial,calm,stable,easy,uncomplicated,smooth,safe,straightforward,sure,st
eady,untroublesome,certain,strong,simple,undoubted,happy,secure,firm,definite,ple
asant
Sentences
 The flowers are chosen for their delicate fragrance.
 He touched the delicate petals with gentle fingers.
 He stepped delicately over the broken glass.
 This final part of the mixing is done slowly and delicately.

44.Disguise
، ‫ بہروپ رکھنا‬، ‫ بد مستی‬، ‫ فریب‬، ‫ دھوکا‬، ‫ بناوٹ‬، ‫ بہروپ‬، ‫ بھیس‬، ‫بھیس بدلنا‬
‫ چھپانا‬، ‫بھيس بدلنا‬ 

Synonyms

Verb▲
I. A means of altering one's appearance to conceal one's identity

‫کسی کی شناخت چھپانے کے لئے کسی کی ظاہری شکل میں تبدیلی کا ایک ذریعہ‬

costume,camouflage,guise,mask,concealment,outfit,false,appearance,screen,cloak,front,
masquerade,smokescreen,facade,cover,subterfuge,dissimulation,shroud,veil,coverup,fak
ing,pretence, ,masking
Verb▲

II. To present a false appearance of

‫جھوٹی صورت پیش کرن‬

simulate,pretend,feign,affect,sham,act,counterfeit,fake,assume,bluff,dissemble,imitate,pr
ofess,put,on,reproduce,fabricate,ape,borrow,cheat,concoct,copy,create,crib,deceive,do
equivocate, exaggerate, favour,feature

Antonyms

Noun▲

I. Opposite of the concealing of one's true intentions or feelings

back,character,honesty,personality,reality,rear,truth,openness,hiding,movement,concrete
,dissimilarity,difference,unlikeness,humility,truthfulness
,simplicity,uprightness,frankness,quiet,honour

Verb▲

II. Opposite of To present a false appearance of

Represent,embody,epitomise,exemplify,emblematize,express,illustrate,personify,portray,
show,stand,for,symbolize

Sentences

 She adopted an elaborate disguise to help her pass through the town

unrecognized.
 She disguised herself as a man, but she couldn't disguise her voice.
 She usually goes out in disguise to avoid being bothered by the public.
 She couldn't disguise the fact that she felt uncomfortable.

45.definite
‫ واضع‬، ‫ غير مبہم‬، ‫ معين‬، ‫ واضع‬، ‫ مقّرر‬، ‫معیّن‬
Synonyms
Adjective▲

I. Known for certain

‫یقینی طور پر جانا جاتا ہے‬

certain,unambiguous,unequivocal,clear,positive,sure,absolute,clear-
cut,conclusive,explicit,final,settled,unquestionable,concrete,decided,decisive
,firm,guaranteed,manifest,obvious,unarguable,unmistakable,assured,black-
and-
white,definitive,express,patent,proven,specific,univocal,confident,convinced
II. Firm, clear, and precise
 ‫ اور عین مطابق‬، ‫صاف‬
 precise,specific,defined,determined,exact,express,explicit,fixed,clear-
cut,established,black-and-white,bounded

Antonyms
I. Opposite of known for certain

ambiguous,uncertain,circuitous,equivocal,implicit,implied,indefinite,inex
plicit,inferred,unspecific,vague,undecided

II. Opposite of firm, clear, and precise

boundless,dimensionless,endless,illimitable,immeasurable,infinite,limitle
ss,measureless,unbounded,unlimited,unmeasured

sentences
 It's impossible for me to give you a definite answer.

 Can you give me a definite answer by tomorrow?

 It's too soon to give a definite answer.

 They have very definite ideas on how to bring up children.

46.enchanted
‫ سحر زدہ‬، ‫ جادو کیا ہوا‬،

Synonyms
Adjective▲

I. Completely fascinated or absorbed by what one is seeing

or hearing
  ‫جو کچھ دیکھ رہا ہے یا سن رہا ہے اس سے پوری طرح متوجہ‬
‫ہے‬

Mesmerized,spellbound,enamored,smitten,delighted,enraptured,happy,
infatuated,mesmerized,charmed,entranced,fascinated,absorbed,beguile
d,captivated,enthralled,bewitched,engrossed,hypnotized,rapt,riveted,gri
pped,hooked,attracted,

Adjective▲

II. Feeling or showing great pleasure

‫بہت خوشی محسوس کرنا یا ظاہر کرن‬
delighted,happy,pleased,charmed,ecstatic,joyous,thrilled,elated,euphori
c,overjoyed,captivated,enraptured,gratified,jubilant,amused,blissful,chu
ffed,diverted,entertained,glad,gladdened,gleeful,joyful,sent,triumphant

Adjective

III. Under a spell

‫ایک جادو کے تحت‬
 berserk,crazed,bewitched,cursed,haunted,maddened,obsessed,raving,b
edeviled,consumed,demented,frenetic,frenzied,insane,mad,calm,collect
ed,composed

Antonyms
Adjective▲

I. Opposite of completely fascinated or absorbed by what one is seeing or

hearing

distracted,despising,tired,disenthralled,indifferent,disliked

Adjective▲

II. Opposite of feeling or showing great pleasure

disappointed,dismayed,displeased,dissatisfied,joyless,sad,unhappy,unpl
eased,unsatisfied,bored,depressed,melancholy,miserable,pained,sorrow
ful,troubled,down,upset,unenthusiastic,indifferent,wretched,dejected,w
oebegone

Adjective▲

III. Opposite of under a spell

disgusted,disenchanted,disinterested,unlucky,indifferent

sentences
 The audience was clearly enchanted by her performance.

 She was enchanted with the flowers you sent her.

 The listeners were enchanted by the singer's sweet voice.

 The football fans were enchanted by / with the wonderful goal.

47.encouraged
‫ اعتماد محسوس کرنے واال‬،
Synonyms
Verb▲

i. To drive spiritually or urge someone on

‫کسی سے التجا کرنا‬

galvanise,envigorate,push,reassure,spur,stir,build up, disinhibit,enforce,

fillip,fortify, goad,inspire,motivate,embolden,buoy,buoy
up,cheer,drive,empower,
incentify,stimulate,strengthen,applaud,enliven,

Verb▲

ii. To advise or persuade in favor of something

 ‫کسی چیز کے حق میں مشورہ دینا یا راضی کرنا‬
advise,recommend,urge,persuade,suggest,caution,propose,counsel,exho
rt,
instruct,admonish,advocate,guide,warn,adjure,entreat,prescribe,enjoin,
direct,order,charge

Verb▲

iii. To support or tolerate

‫حمایت یا برداشت کرنا‬

countenance,tolerate,approve,endure,brook,hack,allow,stomach,suppor
t,bear,permit,condone,endorse,favor

Antonyms
Verb▲
 I. Opposite of to drive spiritually or urge someone on

discourage,dishearten,uninspire,debilitate,demoralise,enfeeble,hamstrin
g,intimidate,psych,out,disincline,dissuade,hurt,inhibit,shake,suppress,br
ake,constrain,curb

erb▲

II. Opposite of to advise or persuade in favor of something

deter,discourage,dissuade,scare,throw,cold,water,on,disadvise,dishearte
n,dispirit,demoralize,divert,daunt,forestall,intimidate,avert,impede,deho
rt,prevent, ,hinder,keep

III. Opposite of to provide aid or support to someone

hinder,obstruct,hamper,impede,delay,arrest,stop,thwart,inhibit,check,re
tard,handicap,block,frustrate,stymie

sentences
 We were greatly encouraged by the support we received.

 His tutor encouraged him to read widely in philosophy.

 She has always been encouraged to swim to build up the strength of her muscles.

 She has been encouraged by the unwavering support of her family.

48.fringed
Synonyms
Adjective▲

I. Edged
outlined,edged,bounded,bound,fringed,skirted,encircled,enclosed,hem
med,rimmed,circled,decorated,flanked,framed,lined,margined,trimmed,
circumscribed,communicated,conjoined,contoured,defined,delineated,
marched,neighboured,,mounted,wrapped,clasped,compassed,confined,
encased,encircled,enveloped,girdled,matted,
d,wreathed,measured,circumscribed,narrow

II. Past tense for to decorate with fringe

‫کنارے کے ساتھ سجانے کے لئے‬

 trimmed,adorned,bound,bordered,braided,decorated,edged,hemmed,or
namented,rimmed,tasselled,befrilled,befringed,embellished,finished,pur
fled,piped,banded,embroidered,frilled

Antonyms

I. Opposite of Edged

boundless,dimensionless,endless,illimitable,immeasurable,indefinite,infi
nite,limitless,measureless,unbounded,undefined,unlimited,unmeasured,
free,loose,unconfined

III. Opposite of Past tense for to decorate with fringe of

expanded,diffuse,increased,prolonged,protracted,amplified,complete,le
ngthened,unabbreviated,unabridged,full-length,long

sentences
 The island has long golden beaches fringed by palm trees.

 Her eyes were large and brown and fringed with incredibly long lashes.

 Emma wore a fringed scarf round her neck.

 The bridal veil was fringed with lace.

49.exude
Verb▲
1. To flow forth slowly
2. ‫آہستہ آہستہ بہاؤ کے لئ‬
 Give off, give out, release,issue,seep,bleed,sweat,excrete,release,secrete,
leach,percolate,strain,transude,trickle,extravasate,convey,evacuate
3. To discharge through pores or incisions, as moisture or other liquid
matter
 ‫ چھیدوں یا چیراوں کے ذریعے خارج ہونا‬، ‫نمی یا دیگر مائع مادے کی طرح‬

radiate,emanate,show,display,exhibit,manifest,demonstrate,emit,breathe,embody,transmi
t,
Antonyms’
I. Opposite of to flow forth slowly through small openings
absorb,conceal,deny,fill,hide,hold,keep,load,refuse,pour,take,withdraw,collect
II. Opposite of to discharge material (including waste products)
absorb,accept,allow,ingest,keep,permit,sanction,take,welcome,take in,hold,contain,retain,
consume,incorporate,digest,receive,assimilate,devour,repress,refuse,refrain

sentences
  The hot sun made him exude sweat.

 Some successful men exude self - confidence .

 The hot sun made her exude sweat.

 These timid little creatures exude a pungent smell when threatened

50.eccentric

Adjective▲
I. Different from the ordinary in a way that causes curiosity or
suspicion

odd,queer,strange,bizarre,peculiar,weird,abnormal,irregular,quirky,outlandish,uncommon,
unconventional,anomalous,idiosyncratic,singular,aberrant,freakish,capricious

Radiating from a central point

 centrifugal,diffusive,divergent,diverging,efferent,radial,radiating,deviating,outward,spiral,s
preading,branching,circular,radiated,spoked,outspread,branche
antonyms
I. Opposite of different from the ordinary in a way that causes curiosity or
suspicion
conventional,ordinary,average,normal,regular,run-of-the mill,straightforward,typical,
boring,common,concentric,dull,familiar,plain,reasonable,standard,unexciting,usual,unexc
eptional

II. Opposite of Radiating from a central point

harmonious compatible accordant agreeing concordant congruent congruous
consistent consonant similar agreeing alike conforming convergent
correspondent equal harmonious homogeneous like normal same standard
uniform identical

sentences
 His eccentric behaviour lost him his job.

 She is so eccentric that she is regarded as a bit of a curiosity.

 Lewis was aggressive, eccentric, moody, and brilliantly clever.

 She gives the impression of being rather conventional, but under the surface she is
wildly eccentric.
51.excursion

Synonym
I. short journey or trip, especially one taken as a leisure activity

outing,jaunt,trip,expedition,journey,tour,junket,ramble,spin,airing,drive,run,sally,sashay,,a
wayday,ride,circuit,cruise,trip,picnic,safari,walk,wandering,round,trip,pleasure,trip,turn,per
egrination,stroll,saunter,visit,constitutional,voyage,promenade,
II. An event or item that is out of the ordinary and gives great
pleasure

treat,celebration,outing,entertainment,party,amusement,diversion,feast,surprise,enjoyme
nt,fun,gratification,satisfaction,refreshment,banquet,pleasure,distraction,relaxation
Antonyms
I. Opposite of short journey or trip, especially one taken as a leisure
activity
immobility,inaction,quiescence,inactivity,indolence,stagnation,torpidity,immovability,motio
nlessness,rigidity,stillness,idleness
II. Opposite of an event or item that is out of the ordinary and gives
great pleasure
depression,dissatisfaction,melancholy,necessity,need,pain,sadness,sorrow,trouble,unhap
piness,want,woe,work,bad,fortune.

sentences

 I have arranged with my classmates for an excursion to the beach.

 The excursion won't cost you a penny if you go with us.

 We decided to make an all-day excursion to the island.

 After a brief excursion into drama, he concentrated on his main interest, which was

poetry

52.elaborate
The textual reference
Arabic and Persian and second, because he realized that the elaborate
modes of address and flowery phrases were out of place in the modem
world.(book 2 lesson no 15 mustafa kamal in the passage of the great
reformer)

Synonyms
Adjective▲
I. Detailed and complicated in design and planning, involving many carefully
arranged elements

complex,complicated,detailed,intricate,involved,convoluted,sophisticated,thorough,painstak
ing,particularised,tangled,extensive,fancy,full,particular,studied,byzantine

II. elaborate on) Add more detail concerning what has already been said

develop,embellish,expand,detail,explain,extend,improve,refine,broaden,clarify,comment,en
hance,polish,amplify,augment,complicate,decorate

Antonyms
I. Opposite of detailed and complicated in design and planning, involving
many carefully arranged elements

compendious,simple,summary,unfancy,unsophisticated,uncomplicated,straightforward,plain
,noncomplex,noncomplicated
 II. (elaborate on) Opposite of add more detail concerning what has already
been said
abbreviate,condense,simplify,streamline,summarize,truncate,abridge,block,compress,confus
e,curtail,damage,decrease,deface,diminish,dirty,halt,harm,hurt
sentences
 John concocted an elaborate excuse for being late.

 She went on to elaborate her argument.

 He came out with such an elaborate excuse that I didn't quite believe him.

 They refused to elaborate on the reasons for their decision.

53.exasperation
The textual reference
Mr. Hubert, the peasant furiously lifted his hand, spat at one side to attest
his honour, and said in the most exasperating tone.(book 1 the piece of
string)
 Synonyms

I. feeling of intense irritation or annoyance

irritation,annoyance,anger,rage,vexation,aggravation,fury,wrath,chagrin,crossness,displeasu
re,resentment,spleen,testiness,tetchiness,botheration,crabbiness,discontent,disgruntlement
,disgust,frustration,grief,indignation,passion,pip,provocation,bile,choler

Antonyms

I. Opposite of a feeling of intense irritation or annoyance

delight,pleasure,calm,calming,calmness,cheer,comfort,ease,enjoyment,happiness,joy,peace,
placation,pleasing,soothing,help,contentment,aid,love,satisfaction,advantage

sentences
 The organization has expressed its exasperation with the government.

 With a groan of exasperation, he picked up the luggage himself.

 There is growing exasperation within the government at the failure of these policies

to reduce unemployment.
  After ten hours of fruitless negotiations, he stormed out of the meeting
in exasperation.

54.expansive

Synonyms
I. Friendly, open, and talkative

communicative,friendly,open,outgoing,affable,genial,sociable,talkative,unreserved,effusive,g
arrulous,loquacious,uninhibited,amiable,demonstrative,extroverted,forthcoming,free,chatty
II. Of very great size or extent
 gigantic,giant,huge,massive,enormous,immense,titanic,tremendous,vast,colossal,great,jumb
o,mammoth,monstrous,elephantine,gargantuan,monumental,mountainous,prodigious
Antonyms
I. Opposite of friendly, open, and talkative
reserved,taciturn,uncommunicative,reticent,shy,close,retiring,secretive,tightlipped,withdraw
n,guarded,unforthcoming,dumb,laconic,mute,unresponsive,diffident,tongue-tied,distant
II. Opposite of of very great size or extent
tiny,miniature,diminutive,little,small,bantam,bitty,infinitesimal,insignificant,Lilliputian,micro,
microminiature
sentences
 She made an expansive gesture with her arms.

 She opened her arms wide in an expansive gesture of welcome.

 We need to look at a more expansive definition of the term.

 The father was in an expansive mood and gave presents to all of his children.

55.exaggeration
The textual rerference
The man who was a Hospital” is a fine example of humorous
exaggeration(book 2 lesson 6 the man who was a hospital)

Behind all this fantastic exaggeration is the sound advice - don't

stuff your head with things you don't understand. book 2 lesson 6 the
man who was a hospital)

It would be no exaggeration to say that at the time that Mustafa Kamal set
to work.(book 2 mustafa kamal)

There were several Latin quotations in it, as well as a reference to the

Captain of the School who, Chips said, had been guilty of exaggeration in
speaking of his (Chips's) services to Brookfield.(mr.chips)
 Synonyms
I. A statement that represents something as better or worse than it really is

overstatement,hyperbole,magnification,embellishment,amplification,emphasis,inflation,over
emphasis,elaboration,embroidery,enlargement,excess,extravagance,pretension,exaltation
II. Something that is made larger by size or amount

increase,rise,addition,growth,surge,increment,buildup,escalation,expansion,increasement,sp
read,boost,burgeoning,development,extension,intensification,proliferation
Antonyms
I. Opposite of a statement that represents something as better or worse than it really
is
 understatement,meiosis,restraint,compression,decrease,lessening,litotes,minimization,redu
ction,shrinkage,trivialization,truth,underplaying,unembellishment,honesty,simplification
II. Opposite of something that is made larger by size or amount
decrease,decline,declining,decrement,depression,dwindling,ebb,fall,waning,downturn,loss,l
owering,depletion,diminishing,lessening,diminution,drop ,shrinkage
sentences
 There was a degree of exaggeration in his description of events.

 It is no exaggeration to say that everyone will be affected by the new policy.

 It would be an exaggeration to call the danger urgent.

 It would be a bit of an exaggeration to say that I'm desperate to leave.

56.evaluate

Synonyms
Verb▲
I. To draw conclusions from an examination or assessment
gauge,measure,rank,reckon,weigh,assay,guesstimate,consider,contemplate,examine,apprais
e,review,study,ponder,assess,bethink,excogitate,reflect,compare,cogitate,debate,assess,rate
,estimate,appraise,judge,value,consider
Antonyms
I. (complicate) Opposite of to draw conclusions from an examination or
assessment
complicate,convolute,confuse,obfuscate,cloud,distort,muddle,obscure,confound,disjoint,dis
order,disorganize,disorient,garble,hash,impede,mess,muddy,perplex,ravel,becloud
sentences
 You should be able to evaluate your own work.

 It's impossible to evaluate these results without knowing more about the research
methods employed.

 Don't evaluate a person on the basis of appearance

 It can be difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments.

57.fatality
Synonyms

Noun▲

An occurrence of death by accident, in war, or from disease

casualty,loss,death,victim,mortality,prey,dead,accident,deadliness,deathliness,decea
se,destructiveness,dying,fatalness,inevitability,lethality,lethalness,necrosis,noxiousn
ess bloodshed killing carnage extinction destruction
 Bad placement

misplacement,mislaying,accident,bereavement,calamity,casualty,cataclysm,catastro
phe,cost,damage,debit,debt,defeat,deficiency,depletion,deprivation,destitution

Antonyms

I. Opposite of an occurrence of death by accident, in war, or from disease

birth,genesis,arrival,nativity,inception,bearing,creation,delivery,childbirth,birthing,producing
,parturition,geniture,childbearing,beginning,eternality,commencement,being

II. Opposite of bad placement

acquisition,gain,advantage,aid,assistance,attainment,benefit,birth,blessing,boon,building,co
mfort,construction,creation

Sentence Examples

 There was a strange fatality about their both losing their jobs on the same day.
 New drugs have reduced the fatality of the disease..
 The most serious form of skin cancer has a 30 percent fatality rate.
o Different forms of cancer have different fatality rates.

58.flicked
The textual rerference
The man felt his hair flutter and the tissues of his body draw tight as
if he were standing at the center of a vacuum.(book 1 lesson dark
they were golden eyed)

And on windy days with gown and white hair and School-list
fluttering in uproarious confusion.(MR.CHIPS)
Verb▲
I. Make or cause to make a sudden quick movement

swish,twitch,wag,waggle,wave,brandish,shake,swing,twirl,whip,switch,rawhid
e,tan,birch,flagellate,flog,leather,horsewhip,flail,hide,whale,scourge,thrash,sla
sh,cowhide
Verb▲
II. To throw or toss quickly

throw,toss,cast,fling,pitch,sling,spin,twist,chuck,hurl,launch,lob,project,propel,
shy,bowl,bung,dash
Verb▲
 III. To turn over pages in an idle or cursory manner

thumb,leaf,skim,flip,riffle,browse,glance,look,peruse,read,scan,page
Antonyms
Verb▲
I. Opposite of Make or cause to make a sudden
quick movemen
bear,cheer,comfort,create,encourage,guard,inspirit,lose,praise,protect,surren
der,tap,steady,repel,decorate,beautify,cure,repair,ornament,heal
Verb▲
II. Opposite of To throw or toss quickly
catch,receive,grab,nab,seize,collect,gather,snare,hold,keep,possess,retain,ca
rry,grasp,take,clutch,
Verb▲
III. Opposite of To turn over pages in an idle or
cursory manner
appraisal,evaluation,investigating,surveying,vetting,assessing,supervision,loo
k,consideration,overhaul,skim,recce,examination,inspection,perusal,gaze,star
e,
SENTENCES

 She flicked the dust off her collar.

 The horse was flicking flies away with its tail.
 James flicked a peanut at her.
 Please don't flick ash on the carpet!

.
59.flawlessly

Adverb▲
In a flawless manner
faultlessly,ideally,immaculately,impeccably,perfectly,magnificently,exquisitely,
superbly,wonderfully,admirably,supremely,incomparably,marvelously,excellen
tly,cleanly,purely,famously,splendidly,swimmingly,masterfully,remarkably,sens
ationally,fine,notably,skillfully,distinctively,ingeniously,divinely
Antonyms
Adverb▲
Opposite of In a flawless manner
badly,defectively,faultily,imperfectly,censurably,unsuitably,wrongly,inaccuratel
y,inappropriately,untowardly,rottenly,improperly,confusedly,unsatisfactorily,cor
ruptly,mistakenly,falsely
SENTENCES
The dance routine was flawlessly executed.
Each stage of the battle was carried off flawlessly.
Better to do something imperfectly than to do nothing flawlessly.
 It makes me want to stop right now, or spend years composing
something flawlessly literate.
 I have seen them play many times, but never as thrillingly
and flawlessly as tonight.

60.friction
Synonyms
Noun▲

I. The resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving

over another

rubbing,grating,resistance,scraping,abrasion,chafing,rasping,attrition,fretting,abrading,grindi
ng,traction,adhesion,drag,erosion,excoriation,gnawing,irritation,detrition,grip,purchase

II. Conflict or animosity caused by a clash of wills, temperaments, or

opinions

conflict,discord,disagreement,disharmony,dissension,opposition,strife,disunity,hostility,rivalr
y,wrangling,animosity,bickering,dispute,dissent,resentment,variance,antagonism,arguing

Antonyms
 I. Opposite of resistance that one surface or object encounters when
moving over another

permeability,aid,assistance,help,injury,liberation,peace,promotion,truce

II. Opposite of conflict or animosity caused by a clash of wills,

temperaments, or opinions

harmony,accord,agreement,concord,concordance,peace,happiness,liking,love,pleasure,conc
urrence,accordance,consonance,similarity,unity,approval,goodwill,consensus

Sentences
 The force of friction affects the speed at which spacecraft can re-enter
the earth's atmosphere.

 Sara sensed that there had been friction between her children.

 I'm exhausted from the constant friction between my boss and my

colleagues.

 Friction between moving parts had caused the engine to overheat.

61.fluttered

Verb▲

I. To move or cause to move with a striking motion

beat,flap,agitate,flicker,quiver,vibrate,bat,flail,shake,tremble,dance,dart,flick,flirt,flit,flitter,fl
op,fluctuate,oscillate,ripple,shiver,swing,twitch,wag,waggle,waver

Verb▲

II. To move through the air with, or as if with, outstretched wings

fly,glide,soar,wing,flit,mount,hover,aviate,plane,wheel,hang,sail,stream,circle,circumnavigat
e,climb,coast,cross,dive,drift,seagull,skirt

Noun▲

I. A state of nervous excitement or confusion

state,flurry,dither,fluster,agitation,confusion,bustle,commotion,excitement,flap,panic,tizzy,tr
emble,twitter

 
Antonyms
Verb

Opposite of to move or cause to move with a striking motion

decelerate,delay,halt,slow,walk,rest,crawl,creep,poke,confront,land,remain,stay,face,loiter,o
utspan,laze,loaf,calm,composure,remain,

Opposite of To move through the air with, or as if with, outstretched wings

crawl,creep,poke,dally,dawdle,delay,procrastinate,wait,ground,walk,halt,stop,amble,stroll

Noun▲

A state of nervous excitement or confusion

calm,calmness,ease,happiness,harmony,obedience,order,peace,pleasure,quiet,quietude,rep
ose,silence,stillness,tranquility

SENTENCES
 Her eyelids fluttered but did not open.
 He fluttered his hands around wildly.

 Flags fluttered in the breeze.

  Her eyelids fluttered but did not open.

62.Gingerly

Synonyms

Adjective▲
I. Having or showing a close attentiveness to avoiding danger or trouble

careful,cautious,wary,chary,circumspect,reluctant,alert,conservative,considerate,delicate,fas
tidious,guarded,heedful,hesitant,safe,suspicious,timid,dainty,squeamish,calculating

Adverb▲

II. In a careful or cautious manner

cautiously,carefully,charily,circumspectly,suspiciously,warily,delicately,guardedly,hesitantly,
timidly,judiciously,prudently

III. In a mild manner

mildly,delicately,indifferently,lightly,moderately,quietly,blandly

Antonyms
I. Opposite of having or showing a close attentiveness to avoiding danger or
trouble

careless,heedless,incautious,unguarded,unmindful,unsafe,unwary,rash,rough,uncareful,reckl
ess,thoughtless,precipitate.
 II. Opposite of in a careful or cautious manner

carelessly,boldly,confidently,rashly,recklessly,roughly,irresponsibly,haphazardly,hastily,neglig
ently,sloppily

III. Opposite of in a mild manner

harshly,roughly,violently,crudely,bluntly,rudely,firmly

Sentences
 Holding her painful back, she sat down gingerly on the bench.
 I drove gingerly past the security check points.
 He gingerly lifted himself out of the wheelchair.
 He gingerly felt his way along the dark tunnel
 He spoke in a gingerly fashion about his problems.”

63.Glistening

Synonyms

Verb▲

1. To reflect light with a glittering luster

flash,gleam,glitter,shimmer,sparkle,twinkle,coruscate,glance,glimmer,glint,scintillate,shine,gl
ister,wink,flicker,glow,blink,flame,luster,spangle,winkle,effulge

Antonyms’
 1. Opposite of to reflect light with a glittering luster

dull,darken,bore,extinguish,depress , dullness darkness dark blackness duskiness hiding

dimness ugliness gloom obscurity lightlessness gloominess

Sentences
 Her skin was glistening with sweat after her run.
 Her eyes were glistening with tears.
 I saw tears glistening on his cheeks and beard.
 The boy’s back was glistening with sweat.

64.Glared
The textual rerference
She glared at the carton as she unlocked the door.(book 1 lesson button
button)

Synonyms

I. Strong and dazzling light

blaze,dazzle,flare,shine,glow,brilliance,fluorescence,luminescence,radiance,beam,gleam,illu
mination,incandescence,light,flame,brightness,dazzling,light,flash,glimmer,glitter
 II. To direct one's gaze

look,glance,gaze,stare,gape,peer,focus,peep,peek,take a look,watch,consider,see,observe,
view,regard,mark,check out,glimpse,spot,eye,take in,ogle,eyeball,behold

Antonyms

I. Opposite of strong and dazzling light

dullness,grin,darkness,dark,blackness,duskiness,dulness,hiding,dimness,smile,ugliness,obscu
rity,gloom,gloominess,lightlessness,tenebrosity,caliginosity,shadowiness,shadows

II. Opposite of To direct one's gaze

ignore,neglect,
,overlook,dislike,disregard,despise,abhor,miss,forget,scorn,hate,glance,disbelieve

Sentences
 I looked at her and she glared furiously back.
 He glared at the people who surrounded the tent.
 He glared round the room as if expecting a challenge.  
 . He didn't shout, he just glared at me silently.

65.groggy
Synonym

Adjective▲
I. Slowed or weakened, as by drink, sleepiness, etc.

confused,dizzy,faint,reeling,stunned,dazed,muzzy,shaky,unsteady,weak,wobbly,befuddled,st
upefied,woozy,benumbed,bewildered,disorientated,disoriented,fuddled,muddled,numb,row
sy,sleepy,dozy,somnolent,heavy,nodding,tired,lethargic,comatose,dazed,dozing,torpid,heavy
-eyed,languid

Antonyms

I. Opposite of slowed or weakened, as by drink, sleepiness, etc.

alert,clearheaded,cognizant,stable,steady,unshaky,clearheaded,sober,understanding,heavy,s
traight,aware,sure,alert,awake,wakeful,conscious,wide-awake,lively,perky

Sentences

 The injured man was still groggy and could only give a garbled account of the
accident.
 She was feeling a bit groggy when I saw her.
 I felt a bit groggy for a couple of days after the operation.
 You've been threatened, you've been doped, you're groggy

66.heap
Synonyms
Noun▲
An untidy collection of objects placed haphazardly on top of each other

pile,lot,mass,mountain,stack,collection,store,bundle,mound,quantity,accumulatio
n,aggregation,hoard,jumble,load,stockpile,agglomeration,assemblage,gathering,s
tock,abundance.
Noun▲
A road vehicle, typically with four wheels, powered by an
internal combustion engine

car,automobile,motorcar,auto,vehicle,wheels,convertible,motor,ride,jalopy,seda
n,banger,buggy,bus,crate
Noun▲
 i. An old, dilapidated vehicle

rattletrap,banger,boneshaker,jalopy,rust,bucket,wreck
Verb▲
ii. To put into (something) as much as can be held or contained

brim,charge,cram,fill,jam,jam pack,load,pack,stuff,pile,fill
up,ram,crowd,squeeze ,lade,press,thrust,stack
Antonyms
i. Opposite of an untidy collection of objects placed haphazardly on
top of each other
ace,bit,dab,dram,driblet,glimmer,handful,hint,lick,little,mite,mouthful,nip,ounce,
peanuts,pinch,pittance,scruple
ii. Opposite of old, battered car
workhorse,good,car,smooth,ride,sweet,ride
iii. Opposite of to put into (something) as much as can be held or
contained
clear,empty,evacuate,vacate,void,exhaust,discharge,unload,expend,tap,unpack,c
onsume,dissipate,deplete
Sentences
  There was a heap of stones where the building used to be.
 Her clothes were in an untidy heap on the floor
 Some people believe that Communism has been relegated/consigned to
the scrap heap of history.
 The envelopes for posting lay in a heap on her desk

67.hideous

Adjective▲
i. Extremely unpleasant

appalling,awful,dreadful,horrible,shocking,horrendous,sickening,terrible,horrific,
odious,abominable,loathsome,digesting,frightful,abhorrent,fearful,foul,
Adjective▲
ii. Extremely ugly

gruesome,ghastly,monstrous,revolting,ugly,grotesque,macabre,repulsive,unsightl
y,disgusting,grisly,repellent
 Antonyms
 
i. Opposite of extremely unpleasant

innocuous,inoffensive,pleasant,agreeable,charming,comforting,common,delightful,friendly,g
entle,good,great,happy,kind

ii. Opposite of extremely ugly

beautiful,appealing,captivating,entrancing,lovely,alluring,engaging,bewitching,ch
arismatic,fascinating,attractive
Sentences
 When they refused to let me leave my hotel, I thought, at first, it was all some
hideous mistake.
 He used his position as a doctor to gain their trust and then committed hideous
crimes against them.
 His family was subjected to a hideous attack by the gang.

 Her face was hideously scarred

68.Habitat

Synonyms
Noun▲
i. The conditions suitable for an organism or population of organisms to live and thrive
environment,element,surroundings,conditions,environs,terrain,biosphere,domain,niche,
element,natural environment,natural surroundings,natural terrain,natural territory,natural
home,commorancy,crib,den,digs,domicile,dwelling,heaven,hearth,
abode,territory,habitation,locality,haunt,range,cave
Antonyms
i. Opposite of the conditions suitable for an organism or population of organisms to
live and thrive
unnatural,surroundings,antibiome,alien,environment,foreign,environment,foreign
terrain,alien,
Sentences
 The grassland is an important habitat for many wild flowers.
 Development is destroying the animal's native habitat.
 The moth's habitat is being destroyed and it has nearly died out.
 The grassland is an important habitat for many wild flowers

69.Haggard

Adjective▲
i. Looking exhausted, worried, or poor in condition
gaunt,wasted,emaciated,drawn,ghastly,pinched,thin,wan,careworn,drained,hollow-
eyed,raddled,sapped,shrunken,sickly,spent,unhealthy,unwell,wrinkled,cadaverous,grim
ii. Physically tired or exhausted
worn,tired,exhausted,fatigued,weary,wearied,drained,spent,drawn,knackered,pooped,sappe
d, bushed
Antonyms
i. Opposite of looking exhausted, worried, or poor in condition
fresh,energetic,healthy,robust,vigorous,brighteyed,brisk,colour,fat,hale,hearty,plump,sleek,s
trong
ii. Opposite of physically tired or exhausted
energetic,fresh,unwearied,activated,current,energised,intact,invigorated,lively,protected,ref
reshed,rested
Sentences
 Her face was haggard, her eyes red, her clothes hung loosely about her.
  He'd been drinking the night before and was looking a bit haggard.
 She looked haggard after a sleepless night..
 She looked very pale and drawn, almost haggard.

70.Haphazardly

Adverb▲
i. In a random, chaotic, and incomplete manner
aimlessly,anyhow,anyway,anywise,desultorily,erratically,helterskelter,irregularly,randomly,w
illynilly,accidentally,carelessly,casually,inconstantly,at random
ii. Giving the appearance of carelessness
hastily,irresponsibly,negligently,nonchalantly,sloppily,incautiously,inattentively,neglectfully,o
ffhandedly,rashly
Antonyms
i. Opposite of in a random, chaotic, and incomplete manner
methodically,systematically,evenly,regularly,equally,selectively,nonrandomly,carefully,thoug
htfully,deliberately,premeditatedly,
ii. Opposite of Giving the appearance of carelessness
deliberately,consciously,designedly,wilfully,advisedly,by design,intentionally ,on
purpose,purposely,by choice,
Sentences
 She looked at the books jammed haphazardly in the shelves
 Natural languages arise unconsciously, haphazardly, while artificial languages lack
expressiveness.
 All the papers were haphazardly strewn on desks.
 The streets were the muddy, haphazard spaces in between

Harmony
The textual rerference
Music of strange lands with
Islam's fire blends, On which the
nation's harmony depends;(poem
no 12 RUBAIYAT)

. Muslim harmony depends upon

true faith in Islam. ;(poem no 12
RUBAIYAT)

The national harmony amongst

the Muslims depended upon a
blend of Islamic strong and basic
values with the local feelings. ;
(poem no 12 RUBAIYAT)

This blend created a national harmony;(poem no 12

RUBAIYAT)

. The modem European soul is empty of this harmony;(poem

no 12 RUBAIYAT)

Everything seems to be in harmony with the poet who finds no

hurdles or difficulties anywhere in this universe.(POEM NO
17 THE DELIGHT SONG)
 Synonyms
Noun▲
i. A combination of simultaneously sounded musical notes that is pleasing to the ear
euphony,polyphony,consonance,melodiousness,melody,symphony,tunefulness,mellifluousn
ess,tune,harmonics,mellifluence,orchestration,chord,concentus,diapason,overtones
ii. The state of being at peace, typically between two or more entities
peace,amity,friendship,understanding,amicability,fellowship,goodwill,rapport,sympathy,coo
peration,order,orderliness
iii. The state of being in agreement or concord
accord,accordance,concord,agreement,unity,conformity,consensus,solidarity,compatibility,u
nion,unison,assent
Antonyms
i. Opposite of a combination of simultaneously sounded musical notes that is
pleasing to the ear
discordance,cacophony,disharmony,dissonance,asymmetry,caterwauling,clamour,conflict
ii. Opposite of the state of being at peace, typically between two or more entities
chaos,dystopia,anarchy,discord,disharmony,confusion,disorder,disordereness,disorderliness,
turmoil,unrest,upheaval
iii. Opposite of the state of being in agreement or concord
conflict,disagreement,contradiction,contrast,unalignment,contention,contrariety,contrarines
s,oppositeness,opposition
Sentences
 We must try to live in peace and harmony with ourselves and those around us.
 . A new sense of harmony developed in the community.
 Your suggestions are not in harmony with the aims of this project.
 it is possible for different ethnic groups to live together in harmony.
 Haughty

Synonyms
Adjective▲
i. Arrogantly superior and disdainful
proud,arrogant,lofty,imperious,conceited,stuckup,superior,contemptuous,disdainful,overwe
ening,snobbish,pompous,scornful,cavalier,egotistical,lordly,self-important
ii. Showing no affection or having a lack of emotion
cold,unfriendly,cool,inhospitable,unwelcoming,unsympathetic,forbidding,stony,frigid,frosty,
glacial,lukewarm,supercilious
Antonyms
i. Antonyms Opposite of arrogantly superior and disdainful
humble,modest,lowly,unarrogant,unpretentious,meek,mild,self-
effacing,subservient,wimpish,shy,timid,weak,soft,frail
ii. Opposite of showing no affection or having a lack of emotion
friendly,amiable,enthusiastic,kind,sociable,social,welcoming,warm,responsive,sympathetic,a
nimated,ardent,eager,excited
Sentences
 His haughty manner and refined speech had gone, and he spoke with the same accent as the
sergeant.
 People thought of him as being haughty and difficult to talk to.
 . If he attempts to talk to you, you will flick him a haughty glance and say nothing.
 People thought of him as being haughty and difficult to talk to.
.

Havoc
THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE
The grave of Hubert withstood the havoc of the flood.(BOOK 1 LESSON THE
PIECE OF STRING)
 Synonyms
i. Widespread destruction
devastation,destruction,damage,desolation,ruin,ruination,waste,despoliation,annihilation,catastrophe,d
ecimation,demolishment,demolition,depredation,disaster,extermination.
ii. Great confusion or disorder
chaos,disorder,confusion,disruption,shambles,bedlam,commotion,disarrangement,disarray,dishevelme
nt
Antonyms
i. Opposite of widespread destruction
building,construction,erection,raising,blessing,boon,calm,creation,happiness,harmony,miracle,organisa
tion
ii. Opposite of great confusion or disorder
order,orderliness,peace,regulation,method,neatness,tidiness,uniformity,symmetry,design,form,arrange
ment,
 Sentences
 The recent storms have wreaked havoc on crops.
 Rain has continued to play havoc with sporting events.
 The weather played havoc with airline schedules.
 Rain has continued to play havoc with sporting events.

Hearsay

Synonyms
Noun▲
i. Information received from other people which cannot be substantiated
gossip,report,buzz,scuttlebutt,talk,rumour,tittle
tattle,goss,tattle,bavardage,dirt,dish,grapevine,idle,talk,mere,talk,noise,rumor
Antonyms
i. Opposite of information received from other people which cannot be substantiated
evidence,fact,proof,quiet,reality,silence,testimony,truth,confirmed,facts
Sentences
 Do not be led by reports, or tradition, or hearsay.
 Much of our evidence about outputs will be based on anecdote and hearsay..
 A factual book is a lot better than relying on hearsay from friends.


Intended
THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE
 I am certain that the good Lord never intended their son to be a physician.(book 2
LESSON WHY BOYS FAIL IN COLLEGE)

Synonym
Adjective▲
i. Deliberately designed according to a plan
purposeful,purposive,wilful,considered,prearranged,predetermined,premeditated,voluntary,aforethoug
ht,preconceived,deliberate,intentional,conscious,knowing,planned,calculated,
ii. According to one's preferences or requirements
required,desired,chosen,specified,anticipated,expected,indicated,listed,needed,preferred,quantified,rig
ht,appropriate
antonyms
i. Opposite of deliberately designed according to a plan
accidental,nondeliberate,nonpurposive,unintentional,unfixed,unintended,unplanned,uncalculated,casu
al,unpremeditated
ii. Opposite of according to one's preferences or requirements
unspecified,undefined,unquantified,undetermined,unmentioned,unstated,vague
Sentences
 The increase in indirect taxation is intended to neutralise the reduction in income tax.
 I think the present she sent you was intended as a peace offering.
 I was under the delusion that he intended to marry me.
 .  I intend to spend the night there

in vain
he was a chemist and not a naturalist and had never touched a silkworm in his life,
but he pleaded ignorance in vain.(BOOK 2 LESSON NO 14 LOUIS PASTEUR)
 Synonyms
Adjective▲
i. Producing no results
impotent,nugatory,pointless,powerless,worthless,abortive,barren,balkedUS,baulkedUK,bootless,empty,
fruitless,futile,ineffective,ineffectual,inefficacious,otiose,profitless,thwarted
ii. Having no meaning or purpose
senseless,pointless,absurd,mad,silly,stupid,foolish,meaningless,asinine,daft,nonsensical,unwise,crazy,fat
uous
antonyms
i. Opposite of producing no results
deadly,effective,effectual,efficacious,efficient,fruitful,potent,productive,profitable,successful,virtuous,us
eful,powerful
ii. Opposite of having no meaning or purpose
sensible,wise,meaningful,judicious,prudent,sagacious,sage,sane,sapient,significant,sound,intelligent,rati
onal,reasonable
Sentences
 He tried in vain to bring his temper under control.
 They endeavored to make her happy, but in vain.
 All efforts to reconcile her with her husband were in vain.
 Altman swore that his son’s death would not be in vain

Illumination
 Synonyms
Noun▲
i. Lighting or light
light,radiance,lighting,gleam,glare,glow,brilliance,flash,fluorescence,incandescence,luminescence,dazzle,g
leaming,glitter,shimmer,shining,beam,blaze,flare,glowing,illumining
ii. Spiritual or intellectual enlightenment
awareness,enlightenment,insight,revelation,understanding,edification,education,explanation,instruction,
discovery,information,knowledge,learning,perception,clarification
Antonyms
i. Opposite of lighting or light
darkness,dimness,misconception,misunderstanding,obscurity,vagueness,dullness,dark,blackness,duskines
s,dulness,gloom
ii. Opposite of spiritual or intellectual enlightenment
ignorance,confusion,bewilderment,benightedness,destruction,misunderstanding,misinterpretation,incom
prehension,misconception,unfamiliarity,obliviousness,unenlightenment,unawareness
Sentences
 Daylight came in through its glass roof; this was now the only illumination.
 The role of the Lawyer of course was to help in this task by giving interpretation and illumination in a
legalistic capacity.
 All the plants listed here should be provided with plenty of illumination.
 White candles, th*-e only illumination, burned on the table.
 Invariably
‫ بِال َکسر‬، ‫ تغیر ناپذیرانہ‬، ‫ ثابت طَور پَر‬، ‫ غیر ُمتغیّر طَور پَر‬،
The textual reference
The subjects which were dearest to the examiners were almost invariably those I fancied
least ,(LESSON NO 11 FIRST YEAR AT HARROW)
the questions which they asked on both these subjects were almost invariably those to which I was unable
to suggest a satisfactory answer.(LESSON NO 11 FIRST YEAR AT HARROW)

Synonyms
Adverb▲
i. Always, without change
always,consistently,constantly,regularly,unfailingly,aye,continually,ever,habitually,inevitably,repeatedly,p
erpetually,permanently,indelibly,forever,lastingly,always,enduringly,eternally,evermore,perpetually,const
antly,continually,everlastingly,forevermore,immutably,abidingly,perennially
Antonyms
Adverb▲
i. Opposite of always, without change
never,ne'er,sometimes,occasionally,on,occasion,at,times,ne'er,never,nevermore,temporarily,briefly,ephe
merally,fleetingly,impermanently,inconstantly,momentarily,transitorily,variably,changeably,flexibly,altera
bly,irregularly,elastically
Sentences
  The successful teacher is invariably a
pragmatist and a realist.
 If the general found his authority questioned
he invariably administered a sharp rebuke.
 Carbon dioxide invariably contains 27.37%
carbon and 72.73% oxygen, by mass.
 The security guards were invariably ex-
servicemen

Irritable
‫ عاملیت کے لیے موثَر بَنانے کا اہل‬، ‫ساس‬
ّ ‫ َح‬، ‫ ُزود َرنج‬، ‫ تُنُک ِمزاج‬، ‫ ُزود ِحس‬، ‫ساس‬
ّ ‫َح‬

Synonyms

Adjective▲

Having or showing a tendency to be easily annoyed or angered

angry,cranky,cross,grumpy,irascible,sulky,tense,testy,uptight,critical,fiery,fractious,fretful,grouchy,peevi
sh,petulant,ratty,surly,temperamental,touchy,argumentative,impolite,disrespectful,rude,discourteous,u
ngracious,bad-mannered,boorish,churlish,ill-bred,rough,uncivil

Antonyms

Opposite of having or showing a tendency to be easily annoyed or angered

cheerful,calm,complacent,composed,good-natured,patient,agreeable,easygoing,easy-going,even-
tempered,goodhumoredU,good,friendly,genial,amicable,hospitable,congenial,lovable,cordial,amiable,ki
nd,benevolent,affable,kindly,warm,

Sentences
  Alan was irritable, and very evidently in a nervy state.
 It means that when we are irritable, tired, worried, or in pain we may overreact.
 He had been waiting for over an hour and was beginning to feel
 Jo was tired, irritable, and depressed.

Insinuated
‫ کنایہ‬،‫اشارہ کرنا‬ ، ‫ ایما کرنا‬، ‫ مخفی طَور پَر اِشارہ َکرنا‬، ‫داخل کرنا‬ ِ ‫ُخفیہ طَور پَر‬
ِ ، ‫شہ دینا‬
‫کرنا‬

Synonyms
Verb▲
i. To have indicated or suggested to be

made,alluded,implied,indicated,inferred,intimated,proposed,prove,proved,suggested,hinted,at,
pointed,at,pointed,in,direction,of,pointed,out,pointed,to,pointed,toward
‘He has implied it, insinuated it, hinted it, and intimated it, but he
has not suggested it.’
‘I'm not insinuating anything, well; if I am it's just the truth.’
‘I'm not trying to insinuate anything, but you know, they are from
Texas…’
Verb▲
Verb▲
Past tense for to gradually but firmly establish (an idea or attitude) in a person's mind
instilled,implanted,infused,introduced,engendered,impressed,inculcated,fixt,fixed,ingrained,fos
tered,generated,imbued,imprinted,induced,inspired,produced,promoted,engrafted
ii. Past tense for to physically move (oneself or a thing) slowly and smoothly into
a particular place

slid,maneuveredUS,manoeuvredUK,slipped,edged,moved,shifted,worked,wrought,moved,into,p
osition
 “He began to  insinuate  his arm around her waist, but she was having
none of it and walked away.”
 Musicians have the gift of melody, they can insinuate
something into the culture.’’
 The road insinuates itself along the cliffs and coves leading to
Anglesea where I found Victoria's oddest golf course.’
Antonyms
i. Opposite of To have indicated or suggested to be
explicit,express,expressed,spoken,stated,voiced,direct,explicated,open,verbal,declared,
said,spelled-out,patent,obvious,clear
 Past tense for to gradually but firmly establish (an idea or attitude) in a per
take out remove,withdraw,erase,leave,alone,subtract
ii. Past tense for to physically move (oneself or a thing) slowly and smoothly into
a particular place
Still,motionless,inertia,
Sentences
 He insinuated that Harkham was lying about the accounts.
 The cat insinuated herself into the kitchen. The cat insinuated herself
into the kitchen.
 The libel claim followed an article which insinuated that the President was lying.
 Are you insinuating that the money was stolen?

Intently
‫ بہ دل و جان‬، ‫ جی لگا کر‬، ‫ نیَّت سے‬، ‫ جی سے‬،
Synonyms
Adverb▲
i. In an intent or focused manner

attentively,closely,keenly,fixedly,steadily,watchfully,alertly,concentratedly,earnestly,intensely,ra
ptly,searchingly,steadfastly,studiously,carefully,observantly,sharply,with,fascination

i. She looked at him intently.

ii. I listened intently to what she had to say.

Adverb▲
iii. With great effort or determination
 assiduously,arduously,determinedly,diligently,hard,industriously,laboriously,purposefully,resolu
tely,amain,doggedly,intensely
 She was intent on pursuing a career in business.
 The staff at Howard were intent on giving their students the best they could
offer.
iv. In an eager manner

eagerly,actively,ardently,breathlessly,cordially,earnestly,energetically,enthusiastically,fervently,
gladly,heartily,hungrily
 ‘You have an ability to concentrate and work intently on
anything which holds your interest.’

 ‘She looked at him closely, peering intently at his face as if trying to read
it.’
 ‘He set up the discussion and both he and the doctor listened intently.’

Antonyms
i. Opposite of in an intent or focused manner
absently,casually,distractedly,dreamily,absent-
mindedly,blankly,abstractedly,vacantly,unheedingly,inattentively,on,automatic,pilot
 ii. Opposite of with great effort or determination
carelessly,inattentively,sloppily,neglectfully,nonchalantly,irresponsibly,offhandedly,abse
nt-mindedly,abstractedly,distractedly
iii. Opposite of in an eager manner
grudgingly,listlessly,unwillingly,pessimistically,doubtfully,gloomily,hopelessly

Sentences

 
 She listened intently to the music, losing herself in its beauty.
 We were glued to our chairs, listening intently to every word.
 He watched her face intently to catch every nuance of expression.
 The children were all intent and serious

Industry
‫ خاص طور پر ِجس کا تعلُّق ِکسی خاص کاروبار سے ہو‬، ‫ عام طور پَر تِجارت‬،
The textual reference

He does not flee to the cities because the industrial road passes through a
technically-oriented agriculture and a decentralized industry.(book 2 china way to
progress)

The capital boasted some thirteen thousand weavers and a flourishing leather
industry.(lesson no 10 the jewel of the world)

it has been of tremendous value in the brewing industry.(book 2 louis Pasteur)

This was the result of a mysterious epidemic of silkworm diseases which for
fifteen or sixteen years had been devastating the silk-industry in the South of
France. (book 2 louis Pasteur)

Until 1849 the industry had flourished consistently, but in 1849 the moths were
attacked by disease. (book 2 louis Pasteur)

Turkish Five-Year Plan, inaugurated in 1934, encouraged heavy industry still

further .(book 2 lesson Mustafa kamal)
Synonyms
Noun▲
i. A particular form or branch of economic or commercial activity

business,trade,field,line,sector,occupation,profession,service,craft,world,racket,commer
cial,enterprise,line,of,business,concern,company,business,firm,enterprise,organisationU
K,organizationUS,operation,corporation,establishment,venture,transactions,business,co
mmerce,dealings,market,trade,traffic,
i. ‘The technology industry has a poor track record in attracting
female applicants.’
ii. Energy industry representatives will meet this week to
address the problems.’
iii. ‘The court is siding with the entertainment industry in its
effort to curb online piracy.’
Noun▲
ii. Hard work
 diligence,assiduity,application,industriousness,effort,activity,dedication,endeavorUS,en
deavourUK,labourUK,persistence,sedulity,sedulousness,tirelessness,conscientiousness,
determination
i. His industry, inventiveness and hard work said a lot
about the way Celtic play the game.’
ii. ‘On some occasions three courts were sitting
simultaneously and it was a hive of industry and
justice.’
iii. ‘Her sewing room, based in her farm in Fife, which she
shares with her fiancé, is a hive of industry.’
Antonyms
i. Opposite of a particular form or branch of economic or commercial
activity
idleness,laziness,lethargy,unemployment,worthlessness,disregard,neglect,negligence,ig
norance,indolence,carelessness,disorganisationUK,disorganizationUS,proletariat,division
,discord
Noun▲
ii. Opposite of hard work

indolence,apathy,disregard,hesitation,ignorance,inactivity,indifference,neglect,negligence,sloth,inertia,t
orpor,languor,inaction,slacking,shiftlessness,slothfulness,torpidity,shirking ,,

Sentences

 In every rank, great or small, 'Tis industry supports us all.

 Industry keeps the body healthy, the mind clear, the heart whole, the purse full.
 The help that the government gives the industry amounts to an indirect subsidy.
. This type of software is widely used in industry.  

Intolerable
‫ جو جھیال نہ جا سکے‬، ‫ ناقابِل تح ُّمل‬، ‫تح ُّمل ناپذیر‬
َ ، ‫ ناقابِل برداشت‬،
Synonyms

Adjective▲
i. Unable to be endured
insufferable,unbearable,unendurable,insupportable,impossible,unsupportable,excruciating,overpowerin
g,painful,unacceptable,,oppressive,agonizingUS,agonisingUK,dreadful,unsurpassable,inadmissible,heavy
-
handed,enough,overwhelming,awful,torturous,harrowing,severe,grievous,terrible,tormenting,racking,in
tense,harsh,acute,punishing,unmanageable,piercing,outrageous,unreasonable,detestable,intractable,ob
jectionable

i. ‘What kind of selfishness put their families back home under such
intolerable pressure?’
ii. ‘An extension in opening times will increase the pressure to intolerable
levels.’
iii. ‘Defeat would be hard to endure, but another rotten display would be
intolerable.’

Adjective▲

ii. Inhumanly or outrageously evil or wrong

monstrous,shocking,evil,atrocious,outrageous,disgraceful,foul,heinous,scandalous,terrible,appalling,dre
adful,hideous
  The constant pain made her life intolerable.
 The job placed almost intolerable pressure on her.
 Her behaviour has become intolerable.

Antonyms

Adjective▲

i. Opposite of unable to be endured

tolerable,bearable,endurable,sufferable,supportable,sustainable,acceptable,good,admissible,passable,
manageable,brookable.

Adjective▲

ii. Opposite of inhumanly or outrageously evil or wrong

good,kind,admirable,decent,fine,honorableUS,honourableUK,humane,merciful,mild,acceptable,average,
common,delightful

Sentences
 They felt this would put intolerable pressure on them.
 It is an intolerable situation and it can't be allowed to go on.
 Caring for an elderly relative can become an intolerable burden.
 The pain had become intolerable

Imperceptibly
‫عاجز‬
‫ غیر محسوس‬، ‫ نا ُزک‬، ‫ ِآہستہ‬، ‫ بہت خفیف‬، ‫ ناقابِل ادراک‬،

Synonyms
Adverb▲
i. Not noticeably, too small to be detected, too little to be perceived

invisibly,slowly,subtly,unobtrusively,unseen,gradually,hardly,inappreciably,indiscernibly,scarcely
,unnoticeably,just,barely
o ‘She stole a glance at him and he gave her an almost imperceptible
nod.’
o The daylight faded almost imperceptibly into night.
Adverb▲
ii. (a little) Only slightly

little,slightly,marginally,just,somewhat,inappreciably,inconsiderably,insignificantly,only,just,only
,slightly,hardly
A slight almost imperceptible vibration of the vessel was felt.’
‘And she sighed, and looked down at her hands, and then nodded
imperceptibly.’
Antonyms
Adverb▲
i. Opposite of Not noticeably, too small to be detected, too little to be perceived
significantly,considerably,notably,remarkably,markedly,glaringly,obviously,exceptionally,vastly,o
utstandingly,extraordinarily,immensely,noticeably,perceptibly,discernibly,detectably,palpably
 Adverb▲
ii. (a little) Opposite of only slightly
substantially,well,appreciably,considerably,significantly,entirely,far,greatly,emphatically,
decidedly,immeasurably
Sentences
 The daylight faded almost imperceptibly into night.
 The breath ebbed from him almost imperceptibly.
 The old friendship was imperceptibly renewed.
 It leaves us ghosts altogether imperceptible

Judgment
‫ عدالت کی تجویز یا فیصلہ‬،

Synonyms
Noun▲
i. A decision made, especially by a court or tribunal

finding,ruling,sentence,determination,result,verdict,conclusion,decision,decree,doom,holding,a
djudication,arbitration,edict,appraisal,assessment,determination,estimation,evaluation,opinion,
appraisement,estimate,perspective,persuasion
 ‘In addition, the applicants complained that the county courts'
residence judgments were not pronounced publicly.’
 ‘Rather than go to court, civil defendants may accept default
judgments.’
 ‘There are a number of helpful passages in the judgments in
that decision.’
Noun▲
Noun▲
ii. The ability to make considered decisions or come to sensible conclusions
 judiciousness,reason,understanding,awareness,discretion,discrimination,intelligence,nous,perce
ption,wisdom,wit
 He felt safe with women because they were easier in their judgment
of his abilities and feelings.’
 in my judgment the conclusion must be that general use on the roads
is to be contemplated.’
 ‘That is what she thinks, but this is an error, in my judgment.’
Antonyms
i. Opposite of a decision made, especially by a court or tribunal
accusation,answer,beginning,disregard,ignorance,inanity,indecision,misjudgment,neglect,start,s
tupidity,disagreement
ii. Opposite of the ability to make considered decisions or come to sensible
conclusions
inability,ineptness,misunderstanding,unsoundness,ignorance,stupidity,mistake,misinterpretatio
n,dullness,misconception
Sentences
 He was well-informed and shrewd, with good, calm judgment.
 Good judgment comes from experience, and experience comes from bad judgment
 A simple mistake in judgment was often magnified to the proportions of a major crime.
 It’s too soon to make a judgment about what the outcome will be

Judicial
‫ وہ قانون یہ آرڈینینس جس کا نفاذ‬، ‫ عدَل ُگستَر‬، ‫ َجج کا‬، ‫ عدالَت سے ُمتعلِق‬، ‫عدالَتی‬
‫ عدالتوں کے ذریعے ہو‬،
Synonyms
Adjective▲

i. Of judges or the administration of justice

judiciary,legal,juridical,official,discriminating,distinguished,forensic,jurisdictive,impartial,jud
gelike,judicatory,magisterial,magistral,administrative,authoritative,constitutional,court

‘It is achieved by a conventional process of judicial construction of

legislation.’

‘These days judges read academic articles as part of their ordinary

judicial activity.’

Adjective▲

ii. Marked by justice, honesty, and freedom from bias

objective,unbiased,disinterested,fair,impartial,just,dispassionate,equitable,neutral,unprejud
iced,detached,open-minded,impersonal,uninvolved,unemotional,evenhanded

‘Such fairness demands a fair judicial process administered by an impartial

judiciary.’
 Antonyms
Adjective▲

i. Opposite Of judges or the administration of justice

Illegal,partial,
Adjective▲
ii. Opposite of marked by justice, honesty, and freedom from bias
biased,prejudiced,unjust,partial,inequitable,nonobjective,unfair,partisan,tendentiou
s,weighted,one-sided,skewed

Sentences
 Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.
 The complexity and costliness of the judicial system militate against justice for the
individual.
 The Supreme Court ordered a judicial inquiry into the deaths.
 However, the better judicial and quasi-judicial appointments generally go to
barristers.

Kindred
‫ ملک کا مذکر‬، ‫ شاہ‬، ‫ بادشاہ‬، ‫ کنگ‬، ‫ ُملک کا ُم َذ َّکر ُح َکمران‬، ‫ قَبيلَہ‬، ‫ قَوم‬، ‫ شاہ‬، ‫بادشاہ‬
‫ حکمران‬،

Synonyms
Adjective▲
i. Having similar qualities
allied,related,affiliated,correspondinglike,similar,akin,alike,associated,cognate,parall
el,analogous,comparable,connected
 ‘This was no less than a call to the nations of the world to
gather together and discuss a halt to the arms race, and
kindred subjects.’
 That ensures that the book is treated seriously in The New
York Times Book Review and kindred publications.’
 ‘But we would rather hand them down to some erudite and
kindred soul.’
Adjective▲
ii. Having or marked by agreement in feeling or action
 similar,compatible,likeminded,congenial,sympathetic,agreeable,understanding,like,
akin,amicable,frictionless,friendly
In this context ties of kindred were tightened by lordship rather
than loosened.’
Noun▲
iii. A group of persons who come from the same ancestor

family,kin,lineage,relatives,clan,house,kinsfolk,relations,tribe,connexionsUK,connec
tionsUS,folks,people,blood,flesh
 ‘What are five thousand humans, compared to all the Ilien,
our kindred, whom you could have saved if you so chose?’
 ‘It concerns blood, of course; for me and my kindred, it's
always a matter of blood.’
 ‘A voice in my head said, ‘Go from your country and your
kindred and your father's house.’’
Antonyms
i. Opposite of having similar qualities
unrelated,dissimilar,irrelevant,noncorresponding,unaffiliated,separated,single,estra
nged,disconnected,unfriendly,disunited
ii. uncongenial) Opposite of having or marked by agreement in feeling
or action
uncongenial,disagreeable,discordant,disharmonious,disunited
iii. Opposite of a group of people related by blood or marriage
nonfamily non-relatives nonrelatives,outsiders

Sentences

 We immediately realized that we were kindred spirits.

 . I recall many discussions with her on these and kindred topics.
 The same kindred spirit flows in their veins.
 Almost certainly unwittingly, Benjamin was returning to the land of
his far-off  kindred
Knack
‫ ہنر‬،‫ ڈھب‬،‫چاالکی‬، ‫کمال‬، ‫ ہنر‬، ‫ منصوبہ‬، ‫ فریب‬، ‫ چال‬، ‫ہتھوڑے پر پتھر مارنے کا دھماکا‬
‫ استادی‬،‫ سلیقہ‬،‫ صالحیت‬،‫ قابلیت‬،‫ مہارت‬،‫ کاری گری‬،‫ استعداد‬،‫مندی‬

Synonyms
Noun▲
i. An acquired or natural skill at doing something

gift,talent,flair,bent,genius,ability,aptitude,capacity,facility,forte,skill,faculty,
trick,art,competence,dexterity
My father had a knack for making a total stranger feel
very comfortable in his presence.’
‘During this campaign he displayed one of his greatest skills, the
knack of surrounding himself with the right people. ’
Noun▲
ii. A tendency to do something
 tendency to, propensity for, habit of, way of, proneness to,
aptness to, bent for, liability to, leaning towards, predisposition
to, disposition to, inclination to, penchant for, readiness to
Speaking of sports ministers, it seems they all
have a knack for putting their foot in it.’
‘You've got a real knack for getting in trouble,
don't you?’
Antonyms
Noun▲
i. Opposite of an acquired or natural skill at doing something
inability,awkwardness,clumsiness,ineptitude,disinclination,ignorance,incapa
city,incompetence,ineptness,lack,want

Opposite of A tendency to do something

Ignorance,carelessness,recklessness

Sentences
 Some people seem to have a knack for making money.
 He has an uncanny knack of being able to see immediately where
the problem lies.
 He's got the knack of getting people to listen.
Likelihood
Some people seem to have a knack for making money.

Likelihood
‫بگمان غالب‬
ِ ، ‫ قرین قیاس ہونا‬، ‫ متوقع‬، ‫ امکان‬،
The textual reference
there is every likelihood of the danger of their death for not getting medically treated.(book 1 the use of force)

Synonyms
Noun▲
i. Chance of something happening
 liability,probability,chance,possibility,prospect,likeliness,conceivabili
ty,danger,fear,feasibility,hazard,odds,peril,plausibility,reasonablene
ss,risk,threat,chances,direction
 ‘There is also no likelihood that anything said or done would have
induced any other confession.’
 ‘So the likelihood of the others having similar problems was of high
probability.’
 ‘We believe, however, that waging a war will only make the
likelihood of retaliation greater.’
Antonyms
Noun▲
i. Opposite of chance of something happening
unlikeliness,improbability,unlikelihood,uncertainty,doubtfulness,unt
hinkability,questionability,implausibility,dubiety,dubiousness,incred
ibility,incongruousness,inconceivability,impossibility,certainty
Sentences
 sing a seatbelt will reduce the likelihood of serious injury in
a car accident
 This latest dispute greatly increases the likelihood of a
strike.

 I don't think there is any likelihood of his agreeing to it.

 There was very little likelihood of her getting the job

Labyrinth
 ، ‫ گو َرکھ دھَندا‬، ‫ بَل دار راستوں کا ُمقام‬، ‫ پيچيدَہ‬، ‫ اُلج َھن‬، ‫ پيچيدگی‬، ‫ عُقدَہ‬، ‫ب ُھول ب ُھلياں‬
‫ بھول بھلیاں میں بند کرنا‬،

Synonyms
 
Noun▲
i. An intricate and confusing arrangement

tangle,intricacy,complexity,complication,entanglement,jungle,convolution,maze,morass,snarl,web,perpl
exity,confusion,jumble,puzzle,riddle,turn,twist,coil,hodgepodge,hotchpotch
 ‘I had just completed the process of studying business
administration and journeyed into the labyrinth of corporate
power.’
 The few seemingly simple slips of paper turn out to be a confusing
labyrinth of coupons, even if colour coordinated.’
Noun▲
ii. A complicated irregular network of passages or paths
 maze,warren,coil,complex,entanglement,network,web,rabbit,warren,catacomb,system,nexus,collection
,aggregate
 ‘It is situated in the intricate labyrinth of the Niah Caves.’
 ‘The original center piece has been removed and other areas of the
labyrinth have been restored.’
Antonyms
i. Opposite of an intricate and confusing arrangement
ease,line,order,organisationUK,organizationUS,simplicity,harmony,method,simplification,arrangement,c
alm,system
Sentences
 We lost our way in the labyrinth of streets.
 Finally, through a labyrinth of corridors she found his office
 He found himself in enormous buildings, with a labyrinth of rooms, and he was lost in the pile.
 Decisions are frequently delayed in the labyrinth of
Whitehall committees

Junction
ِ ‫ ُم‬، ‫ ِمالپ‬، ‫ جوڑ‬، ‫ اِتصال‬، ‫سن َگم‬
‫ کسی ایک جنکشن پر ملنا‬، ‫ ريل کا َجنکشَن‬، ‫قام اِتصال‬ َ ،

The textual reference

They evacuated the important Baghdad Railway junction at Estishehir, where
immediately the patriots transformed the railway depots into ammunition factories .
(book 2 lesson 15 mustafa kamal)
 Synonyms
Noun▲
i. A point where two or more things are joined

joint,connection,coupling,join,juncture,union,seam,bond,intersection,link,weld,brace,hinge,joining,joint
ure,linking
 ‘I stopped at the junction that joined the studio with the main road.’
 ‘Some are the meeting of meridian pathways while others are junctions
with an internal pathway of the meridian.’

Noun▲
ii. A place where roads meet

crossing,intersection,crossroads,interchange,carrefour,corner,crossroad,crossways,gyratory,turn,cloverl
eaf,exit
 ‘Bikes have their own lanes, traffic lights at junctions and dedicated road
signs.’
 ‘The place was at the junction of two roads, one of which was parallel to a
railroad line.’
Antonyms
Opposite of a point where two or more things are joined
detachment,divorce,estrangement,separation,severance,aversion,enmity,opposition,animosity,dislike,al
ienation
Opposite of A place where roads meet
 convergence,convergency,meeting,merging,coincidence,confluence,conjunction,concentration,coming,t
ogether
Sentences
Sentences
 You should slow down as you approach the junction.
 A ship sank at the junction of the two rivers last month.
 If we turn left at the next junction, we should hit the main road after five miles or so.
 One of Britain's worst rail accidents
happened at Clapham Junction.

Juvenile
ِ ‫ َک‬، ‫ نو خيز‬، ‫ طفلینو ُع َمر‬،‫ طفالنہ‬،‫ نو عمر‬،‫ ناتجربہ کار‬،‫ نوجوان‬،‫ نو خیز‬،‫ کم سن‬،‫بالک‬
‫مسن‬
‫ نو شباب‬، ‫ کمسن‬، ‫ نو عمر‬، ‫ نو ُع َمری کا‬، ،

The textual reference

media is also reporting increasing incidents of juvenile delinquency along with those of child
abuse(BOOK 2 THE DIALOUGE)

the age of maturity, is considered juvenile delinquency. (BOOK 2 THE DIALOUGE)

what are the main causes of juvenile delinquency? (BOOK 2 THE DIALOUGE)

Juveniles should not be tried with criminals because juveniles are immature and their decision making
capability is not fully developed. (BOOK 2 THE DIALOUGE)

Synonyms
Adjective▲
i. Immature in behavior
immature,puerile,childish,callow,inexperienced,infantile,babyish,green,jejune,unsophisticated,adolesce
nt,naive,boyish
 ‘she's bored with my juvenile conversation’
 ‘He crumpled up the juvenile green and yellow paper wrappings and
tossed them into a plastic sack.’
Adjective▲
ii. For or relating to young people

young,adolescent,immature,youthful,junior,teenage,teenaged,youngish,prepubescent,pubescent,under
age,childish,childlike
 the main goal of the juvenile justice system is rehabilitation rather than
punishment.’
 ‘Promoting juvenile talent is the lifeblood and future of any sporting club.’
Noun▲
iii. A young person
child,minor,youngster,adolescent,boy,girl,kid,teenager,youth,bairn,bambino,bud,chap,chick,cub,junior,k
iddi
 ‘At about four years of age young males form a juvenile group.’
 ‘After that they may join a flock of other juvenile birds.’
 ‘Adult males seem to winter farther north than females and juvenile
birds.’
antonyms
Adjective▲
i. Opposite of immature in behaviour
mature,adult,grown-up,experienced,ripe,old,older,senile,shrinking,withering,full-grown,fully-
grown,fully,grown,fully,fledged
Adjective▲
ii. Opposite of for or relating to young people
matured,responsible,full-blown,full-grown,ripe,ripened,fully-grown,fully,grown,fully,fledged
Noun▲
iii. Opposite of a young person
adult,grown-up,woman,man,lady,gentleman,grown,grown-up,person,grown,person mature
woman mature,man Noun▲
Sentences
 We can curb juvenile delinquency by education.
 She wasn't sent to the juvenile court; instead she was cautioned.
 The defendant appeared at the juvenile court yesterday.
 You wouldn't think that college students could be so juvenile.

Jeopardy
‫ جان جانے کا ڈر يا َخوف‬، ‫ جوک َھم‬، ‫ َخط َرہ‬،
Synonyms
Noun▲
i. Danger of loss, harm, or failure

danger,peril,endangerment,risk,vulnerability,insecurity,precariousness,exposure,hazard,imperil
ment,liability,venture
 ‘A vital village transport link is in jeopardy due to a lack of people
using it.’
 ‘If the money doesn't start flowing soon, the country's very future
will be in jeopardy.’
 ‘But his plans are put in jeopardy when he meets an equally
competitive female player.’
Verb▲
i. To place in danger or cause a hazard
 imperil,endanger,jeopardiseUK,jeopardizeUS,risk,hazard,peril,adventure,compromise,expose,je
opard,menace,threaten
 ‘The certificate further describes the jeopardy that could arise from
disclosure.’
 ‘He remained apprehensive about returning to the United States,
unsure of his legal jeopardy.’
Antonyms
i. Opposite of danger of loss, harm, or failure
safety,security,safeness,secureness,assurance,certainty,plan,protection,surety,fact,reality,invuln
erability,determination,proof
ii. Opposite of to place in danger or cause a hazard
protect,guard,aid,assist,help,safeguard,save,secure,care for
Sentences
 The criminal trial system would be placed in jeopardy.
 The lives of thousands of birds are in jeopardy as a result of the oil spillage.
 The killings could put the whole peace process in jeopardy.
 It would put his career at risk, but that was already in jeopardy,

Jealousy
‫ َرشک سے‬، ‫ َرقابَت سے‬، ‫سد سے‬
َ ‫ح‬ 
َ
Synonym
Noun▲
i. The state or feeling of being jealous

envy,enviousness,resentment,covetousness,resentfulness,spite,bitterness,desire,dis
content,green-
eyed,monster,grudge,hatred,invidiousness,malice,malignity,backbiting,begrudging
 ‘she stared jealously at his phone’
 I jealously watched William as he danced with other
ladies’
 ‘She gazes jealously out of a window above the garage,
thinking the woman in the front seat with Tom is his
wife.’
Noun▲
ii. Any competition between two or more things or factos
 rivalry,competition,conflict,contention,struggle,antagonism,competitiveness,contest,du
el,opposition,strife,vying,battle
 She's jealous of my success.

 She was rather jealous of me.

 There's nothing for you to feel jealous about.

Antonyms
Noun▲
i. (admiration) Opposite of the state or feeling of being jealous
admiration,pride,compersion,trust,understanding
ii. Opposite of any competition between two or more things or factors
accord,agreement,calm,cooperation,harmony,peace
Sentences
 Love, joy, hate, fear and jealousy are all emotions.
 At first his jealousy only showed in small ways-he didn't mind me talking to
other guys.
 It is important to recognize jealousy and to nip it in the bud before it gets out of
hand.
 I am immobilized by anger, jealousy, and revulsion.

Jubilant
‫بغلیں بجانے‬، ‫ شادمان‬، ‫ َم َگن‬، ‫ کامياب‬، ‫ بَغليں بَجانے واال‬، ‫ُخوشياں َمنانے واال‬
‫ خوشیاں منانے واال‬،‫ کامیاب‬،‫واال‬
a.

Synonyms
Adjective▲
i. In a state of elation
rejoicing,triumphant,exultant,overjoyed,thrilled,cock-a-
hoop,elated,enraptured,euphoric,exuberant,triumphal,excited,glad,rhapsodic,joyous,cr
owing,over,the,moon,transported,crank
Antonyms
Adjective▲
i. Opposite of in a state of elation
despondent,downcast,sad,melancholy,sorrowful,depressed,disappointed,discouraged,d
oleful,unenthusiastic,unexcited,unhappy,down,low,dejected,downhearted,hopeless,glo
omy
Sentences
 The fans were in jubilant mood as they left the stadium.
 The jubilant crowd joined them in the apartment for a celebration and to help
clean up the mess.
 The four men were greeted by jubilant relatives upon their release
 Radicals were jubilant at getting rid of him