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Abandono de Pozos
Abandono de Pozos
Kevin Kim
Lider de Ingenieria – Aguas Profundas –S. America
The companies in which Royal Dutch Shell plc directly and indirectly owns investments are separate entities. In this presentation “Shell”, “Shell group” and “Royal
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(g) environmental and physical risks; (h) risks associated with the identification of suitable potential acquisition properties and targets, and successful negotiation and
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expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. Readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking
statements. Additional risk factors that may affect future results are contained in Royal Dutch Shell’s 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012 (available at
www.shell.com/investor and www.sec.gov ). These risk factors also expressly qualify all forward looking statements contained in this presentation and should be
considered by the reader. Each forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of this presentation, 09/23/2013Neither Royal Dutch Shell plc nor any of its
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www.sec.gov. You can also obtain these forms from the SEC by calling 1-800-SEC-0330.
AGENDA
1. Introducción
1.1 Historia
1.2 Por que el Abandono es Importante
1.3 Impacto Financiero
2. Regulaciones Internacionales
3. Principios y Planeación del Abandono
4. Casos Especiales
5. Sinopsis de Planeación -Shell
6. Comentarios Finales
Pozo Abandonado:
Estado de un en el cual todas las zonas permeables, fluidos y presiones han
sido aislados permanentemente y el equipo superficial removido, y/o ha sido
llevado a su condición final de abandono. No existe intención de re-entrar/re-
utilizar el pozo.
Casi todos los países y/o sus estados al rededor del mundo tienen
estándares mínimos de abandono de pozos y un régimen regulatorio.
La grafica muestra como cada estado en los Estado Unidos varían en sus
requerimientos.
Reino Unido
Guidelines for the suspension and abandonment of wells (January
2009)
7.17 Removal of Subsea Equipment Redundant subsea equipment must not present a hazard to
other users of the sea. It is seen as good practice to retrieve all casing strings to a minimum of 10ft
below seabed. This requirement mainly exists to accommodate fishery activities in the area after the
well has been Abandoned. The recommended minimum depth of 10ft below seabed has to be
reviewed on a per well case, taking into account the prevailing local conditions with respect to sand
waves and scouring. All subsea equipment and debris should be retrieved where practical and a
seabed clearance certificate issued. The certificate should clearly identify any objects/debris left at
the site. The minimum recommended radius of search is 70m from the well. In certain cases, the
retrieving depth of casing strings may be reviewed in the light of large (e.g. concrete) structures
permanently remaining at seabed in the area around the well(s). The requirement will then be that
no casing strings should extend above the remaining structure
Noruega
NORSOK D-010 Rev. 3. (August 2004)
9.7.2 Removing equipment above seabed. Use of explosives to cut casing is
acceptable only if measures are implemented (directed/ shaped charges and
upward protection) which reduces the risk to surrounding environment to the
same level as other means of cutting casing. For permanent abandonment
wells, the wellhead and the following casings shall be removed such that no
parts of the well ever will protrude the seabed. Required cutting depth below
seabed should be considered in each case, and be based on prevailing local
conditions such as soil, sea bed scouring, sea current erosion, etc.. The
cutting depth should be 5 m below seabed. No other obstructions related to
the drilling and well activities shall be left behind on the sea floor
Brasil
ANP Ordinance 25 (March 2002) Petrobras Standard N-2730
(November 2003)
5.8.1.1 In waters of depth below 80 m, all equipment above the mud line must be
removed or cut 20 m below the seabed in those areas that are subjected to intensive
erosion processes.
5.8.1.2 In water depths above 80 m, all installed well equipment, or portions thereof,
may be left in place, provided that, there is a column of water of at least 80 m and that
the fluid migration barriers to the mud line and the isolation among the various
permeable intervals crossed by the well have been secured
Nigeria
No existen regulaciones prescriptivas para abandono de pozos
Malasia
Section 5. Procedures for Drilling Operations (August 2008) Section
16. Guidelines for decommissioning of upstream installation (August
2008)
Pozo Abandonado: Pozo que se decide no utilizar para ningún fin, el cual debe ser
taponado adecuadamente.
Artículo 30. Condiciones para el Taponamiento y Abandono. Cuando se haya
perforado un pozo que resulte seco o por problemas mecánicos haya de abandonarse,
será taponado y desmantelado inmediatamente, en cuyo caso, previa la realización de
estas actividades, se debe actualizar y obtener aprobación del Ministerio de Minas y
Energía del nuevo programa de abandono. Igual procedimiento deberá seguirse en el
evento en que un pozo permanezca inactivo por más de seis (6) meses sin justificación.
Los trabajos necesarios para el taponamiento tendrán como objetivo el aislamiento
definitivo y conveniente de las formaciones atravesadas que contengan petróleo, gas o
agua, de tal manera que se eviten invasiones de fluidos o manifestaciones de
hidrocarburos en superficie. En cualquiera de estos eventos se debe diligenciar el
formulario 10A “Informe de taponamiento y abandono”.
Parágrafo. En los pozos secos o que por problemas mecánicos no pueda concluirse a
perforación, se debe diligenciar el Formulario 6. “Informe de terminación oficial”.
Rigless land well abandonment Old rigs need rejuvenation Rigless subsea well abandonment (techn developments)
Formaciones permeables
someras
Despues de 8 pozos:
un pozo burbujeaba
gas durante el
abandono
Comentarios:
Sealing
Permanent isolation abandonment
envelope (dashed cement plug
contour)
If not removed,
tubing embedded in
Formation: sealing cement.
Impermeable &
adequate strength to All casings
contain future embedded in
pressures sealing cement
Sealing primary
cementations
Plug Depth
determined by Pipe stand-off
formation Formation:
(impermeability Support to prevent Good bond, Impermeable &
and strength) and cement movement, clean adequate strength
primary slumping and gas surfaces, to contain future
cementation migration while setting water wet pressures
Preferred,
lowest load
Permeable formation
Permeable zones shall be
isolated. Consider pressure, Permanent Crossflow NOT acceptable
hydrocarbons, fresh water, Isolation Hence, a Permanent Isolation required
future use of formations
Gas
Channel?
Corte de casing
Copyright of Shell International Exploration & Production 2014 40
Equipo y Materiales en el Pozo - SHELL
This is what
Better
This is what actually Casing stub than
we think happens ! T-plug T-plug
spacer
VRP (*)
Lightly viscosified
10 ppg
seawater (2 ppb)
Percentage
Contamination
cheaper
Q4000
Te m p o r a ry c ra n e ,
E lec tric a l s k id d a b le
d istrib utio n
W o rk b a sk e t
D o u b le
lin e P ip e
la yd o w n
S w ive l
p a ck
50 bbl
ta n k ,
d e g a s se r
T em p o ra r y h e lid e ck ,
a cco m m o d a tio n BO P Cem ent Cem ent
c o n tro l b le n d er p um p
D e d ica te d s u p p ly ve ss e l,
sto r a g e
Copyright of Shell International Exploration & Production 2014 50
ABANDONO SIN EQUIPO – EJEMPLO
Figure 3a: Typical Through-Tubing Cased Hole Abandonment Schematic
Reservoir
Explosive
severing is
less controlled
than abrasive
cutting
Platform sustains
heavy loads ? Sectioning with
Connector integrity ? guillotine saw
Cap
>100 ft (30m)
rock
Permeable
Zone
A
Colapso de tubulares
Tubulares partidos o dañados – (no sello)
Roca sello fracturada