Distance Relays:

 Most relays related to the fault locators

 Are known for fast and reliable indication of the general area where the fault is.
 If a fault is recognized in a pre-defined protective zone, then a trip signal is sent immediately to
the circuit breaker to isolate the fault impact on the grid.

Read about Pilot relaying (not understood at all)

 One simple example to see how things are going:

In this example we can see the fault done between busses A and B ,distance d is the
distance between bus A and the fault

It’s concluded that Za is strict measure of the distance to the fault from bus A to fault iff
Rf was zero or very low
Read about Rf (fault resistance/not understood at all)

Depending of the value of Ia and Ib Rf can be seen 3 of these cases:

 Pure resistance
 Resistance and inductance (reactance effect) I don’t know if it’s related
to the reactance relay, one type of the distance relays.
 Resistance and capacitance (reactance effect)
