General division of fault-location techniques

 some primitive ways were used before to locate a fault like foot patrol or some people would
witness a damage on the power line and then tell about it.
 Some techniques are considering unconventional one of them is Automatic fault location

Read about: monitoring transients of induced radiation from power system arcing faults, using both VLF
and VHF reception
 Based on determing the fault physical location by processing the voltage and
current wave form values
 This technique can be classified into 4 categories:
 Technique based on fundamental frequency current and voltage, mainly
on impedance measurement

This technique might be considered the simplest one; using the line parameters and the fundamental
frequencies of current and voltage

It’s considered that the calculated impedance of the faulted line is the distance to fault measure

The methods belonging to this category are much simple and economical to be implemented

Read about impedance measurement

 Technique based on travelling wave phenomenon

 Technique based on high frequency components of current and
voltage created by fault

Read about high frequency components

 Knowledge based approach