1.

Advantages of gymnosperm
The gymnosperms, also known as Acrogymnospermae,[1] are a group of seed-producing plants that
includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes. The term "gymnosperm" comes from the composite word
in Greek: γυμνόσπερμος (γυμνός, gymnos, 'naked' and σπέρμα, sperma, 'seed'), literally meaning "naked seeds".
The name is based on the unenclosed condition of their seeds (called ovules in their unfertilized state). The non-
encased condition of their seeds contrasts with the seeds and ovules of flowering plants (angiosperms), which are
enclosed within an ovary. Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scales or leaves, which are often
modified to form cones, or solitary as in yew, Torreya, Ginkgo.[2]
The gymnosperms and angiosperms together compose the spermatophytes or seed plants. The gymnosperms are
divided into six phyla. Organisms that belong to the Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Gnetophyta, and Pinophyta (also
known as Coniferophyta) phyla are still in existence while those in the Pteridospermales and Cordaitales phyla are
now extinct.[3]
By far the largest group of living gymnosperms are the conifers (pines, cypresses, and relatives), followed by
cycads, gnetophytes (Gnetum, Ephedra and Welwitschia), and Ginkgo biloba (a single living species).
Some genera have mycorrhiza, fungal associations with roots(Pinus), while in some others (Cycas) small
specialised roots called coralloid roots are associated with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.
2. Disadvantages of gymnosperm

All trees living today are either gymnosperm or angiosperm. The ending "sperm" means that both groups grow from
seeds. The total number of angiosperm species is far greater than the total number of gymnosperm species.
Gymnosperms have seeds without a seed coat and are attached to the scales of cones. Gymnosperms have a
disadvantage compared to angiosperms because once gymnosperm seeds fall or are blown out of their cones they only
have a thin cover for protection.  Many gymnosperms such as coniferous are adapted to thrive in environments with
long cold winters and low amounts of nutrients in their soil. Gymnosperms dominate large parts of Canada, Northern
Europe and Northern Asia. Gymnosperms are vital to Canada's economy because they provide fiber for making paper
and wood. 
Angiosperms are more diverse in structure and are widely spread around the world. Angiosperms are also known as
flower plants because that is their reproductive organ which mature to seed-containing fruit. The fruit covering on the
seed gives angiosperms an advantage over gymnosperms because they have better protection. The fruit of angiosperms
are adapted to facilitate seed dispersal. Some seeds are tasty such as apples and other fruit that is consumed and the
seeds disperse when the fruit is eaten. Some seeds are sticky such as burrs and gets dispersed in feathers or fur of
animals. Other fruit is shaped for flight such as maple keys and disperse by the wind. Angiosperms include trees, grasses,
vegetables, wildflowers and herbs. 
 3. Characteristics of gymnosperms
Gymnosperms are a group of plants with the following unique characteristics:

 They do not have an outer covering or shell around their seeds

 They do not produce flowers
 They do not produce fruits
 They are pollinated by the wind

4. Uses of gymnosperm

5. The gymnosperms, also known as Acrogymnospermae,[1] are a group of seed-producing plants that

includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes. The term "gymnosperm" comes from the composite
word in Greek: γυμνόσπερμος (γυμνός, gymnos, 'naked' and σπέρμα, sperma, 'seed'), literally meaning
"naked seeds". The name is based on the unenclosed condition of their seeds (called ovules in their
unfertilized state). The non-encased condition of their seeds contrasts with the seeds and ovules of
flowering plants (angiosperms), which are enclosed within an ovary. Gymnosperm seeds develop either on
the surface of scales or leaves, which are often modified to form cones, or solitary as
in yew, Torreya, Ginkgo.[2]
6. The gymnosperms and angiosperms together compose the spermatophytes or seed plants. The
gymnosperms are divided into six phyla. Organisms that belong to the Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta,
Gnetophyta, and Pinophyta (also known as Coniferophyta) phyla are still in existence while those in the
Pteridospermales and Cordaitales phyla are now extinct.[3]
7. By far the largest group of living gymnosperms are the conifers (pines, cypresses, and relatives), followed by
cycads, gnetophytes (Gnetum, Ephedra and Welwitschia), and Ginkgo biloba (a single living species).
8. Some genera have mycorrhiza, fungal associations with roots(Pinus), while in some others (Cycas) small
specialised roots called coralloid roots are associated with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.
5. Example of gymnosperm
Conifers, in the division Pinophyta or Coniferophyta, are the most numerous of the gymnosperms; woody and
with vascular tissue, these are cone bearing trees and shrubs.
Conifers can be found growing in all parts of the world, although they most notably dominate the boreal
forests of the northern hemisphere. Many are adapted to cold climatic conditions, with downward facing
branches, which help to shed snow, and specific biochemical properties that provide resistance to freezing.
Examples of conifers include pines, yews, redwoods, spruces, firs and cedars.
The conifer forests of the world cover huge areas of land and provide the largest terrestrial carbon sink. Conifers
are also valued economically; their softwood is used for the production of paper and timber, they are used to
cultivate pine nuts, and the berries of the juniper bush are used to flavor gin.
6. Where in the Philippines would pine trees likely grow?
Pine trees would likely grow in Baguio because of its nice climate and there's also some that
are located in Zambales
7. How would uncontrolled cutting of pine trees for example affects the forests ecosystems?
Uncontrolled cutting pine trees can lead to lessening of oxygen. There will be erosion and no
home for birds/animals.