Useful Equations:

𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒 𝜓𝑠
𝑙𝑑 = ( ) 𝑑𝑏 𝑙𝑠 = 0.071𝑓𝑦 𝑑𝑏 𝑙𝑠 = (0.13𝑓𝑦 − 24)𝑑𝑏
1.1𝜆√𝑓𝑐′ (𝑐𝑏 +𝐾𝑡𝑟)
𝑑𝑏

𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒 𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒 𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒 𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒
𝑙𝑑 = ( ) 𝑑𝑏 𝑙𝑑 = ( ) 𝑑𝑏 𝑙𝑑 = ( ) 𝑑𝑏 𝑙𝑑 = ( ) 𝑑𝑏
2.1𝜆√𝑓𝑐′ 1.7𝜆√𝑓𝑐′ 1.4𝜆√𝑓𝑐′ 1.1𝜆√𝑓𝑐′

0.24𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑒 𝜓𝑐 𝜓𝑟 0.24𝜓𝑟 𝑓𝑦
𝑙𝑑ℎ = ( ) 𝑑𝑏 𝑙𝑑 = ( ) 𝑑𝑏 𝑙𝑑 = 0.043𝜓𝑟 𝑓𝑦 𝑑𝑏
𝜆√𝑓𝑐′ 𝜆√𝑓𝑐′

𝑓𝑐 𝑘 2𝑀 𝑀
𝑘= 𝑗 =1− 𝑓𝑐 = 𝐴𝑠 =
𝑓𝑐 +(𝑓𝑠 ⁄𝑛) 3 𝑏𝑘𝑗𝑑 2 𝑓𝑠 𝑗𝑑

𝑘 = √(𝜌𝑛)2 + 2𝜌𝑛 − 𝜌𝑛
𝑓𝑐′ 𝑑 ′ 𝜖𝑢
𝜌̅𝑐𝑦 = 0.85𝛽1 + 𝜌′ 𝑀𝑛1 = 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ )
𝑓𝑦 𝑑 𝜖𝑢 −𝜖𝑦

𝑎
𝑀𝑛2 = (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴′𝑠 )𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − )
2
𝑎
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝑐 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝛽1 𝑏𝑐 2 + 𝐴′𝑠 𝜖𝑢 𝐸𝑠 (𝑐 − 𝑑 ′ ) 𝑀𝑛2 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏 (𝑑 − )
2

𝑐−𝑑 ′
𝑓𝑠′ = 𝜖𝑢 𝐸𝑠 𝑀𝑛1 = 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓𝑠′ (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ )
𝑐
𝑑′
𝑓𝑠′ = 𝐸𝑠 𝜖𝑠′ = 𝐸𝑠 [𝜖𝑢 − (𝜖𝑢 + 0.004 𝑜𝑟 0.005)]
𝑑

(𝐴𝑠 −𝐴′𝑠 )𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐′ (𝑏𝑓 −𝑏𝑤)ℎ𝑓 ℎ𝑓

𝑎= 𝐴𝑠𝑓 = 𝑀𝑛1 = 𝐴𝑠𝑓 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − )
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏 𝑓𝑦 2

𝑎 𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡
𝑀𝑛2 = (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 )𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − ) ≤
2 0.062√𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏 0.35𝑏

2 2
√( 𝑉𝑢 ) + ( 𝑇𝑢𝑃2ℎ ) ≤ ∅ ( 𝑉𝑐 + 0.66√𝑓𝑐′ ) 𝐴𝑡
=
𝑇𝑢
𝑏𝑑 1.7𝐴 𝑏𝑑𝑜ℎ 𝑠 2∅𝐴𝑜 𝑓𝑦 cot 𝜃

𝐴𝑡 𝑓𝑦𝑡 0.42√𝑓𝑐′ 𝐴𝑐𝑝 𝐴 𝑓𝑦𝑡

𝐴𝑙 = 𝑃ℎ cot 𝜃 2 𝐴𝑙(𝑚𝑖𝑛.) = − ( 𝑡) 𝑃ℎ
𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑠 𝑓𝑦