Digital Image Processing

Prerequisites:
Knowledge of Linear Algebra, Probability and Statistics, Signals and systems,
Basic Programming skills (C++, MATLAB).

Objectives:

This course is an introduction to the fundamental concepts and techniques in basic digital
image processing and their applications to solve real life problems.

Motivation:

The human perspective of image varies from person to person. There is always a necessity to
improve the pictorial information for human perception. Digital image processing involves
various techniques for using image for use in health care, sports, security, entertainment etc.
There is a strong need from industry and research that the engineers should have knowledge
of the different methods and tools available to enhance the visual as well as the aesthetic
content of images through processing
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understand the mathematical foundations for digital manipulation of images; image
acquisition
CO2: Understand 2D Fourier transform concepts, including the 2D DFT and FFT, and their
use in frequency domain filtering.
CO3: Demonstrate understanding of spatial filtering techniques, including linear and
nonlinear methods. Understand the Human Visual System (HVS) and its effect on
image perception and understanding
CO4: Understand the fundamental image enhancement algorithms such as histogram
modification, contrast manipulation, and edge detection and image compression
technique like JPEG and MPEG
CO5: Implement practical techniques to write programs using MATLAB language for digital
manipulation of images; image acquisition; preprocessing; segmentation; Fourier
domain processing; and compression

Module 1: Fundamentals of Digital Image (4 Hours)

Human Visual System and Image perception; Monochrome and colour vision models; Image
acquisition and display; Video I/O devices; Standard video formats; Image digitization;
display and storage; 2D signals and systems.
Module 2: Image enhancement and restoration (8 Hours)
Spatial and frequency domain enhancement Techniques (Histogram based techniques,
smoothing, filtering, sharpening, Homomorphic filtering), Unconstrained and Constrained
Restoration, Inverse filtering, Wiener filter

Module 3: Image compression (8 Hours)

Coding, Interpixel and Psychovisual Redundancy; Image compression models; Error free
compression – Huffman, Arithmetic and LZW, Bit-Plane coding ( Constant Area coding, 1-D
& 2-D Run length coding ), Lossless predictive coding; Lossy compression – Lossy
predictive coding, Transform coding – ( Discrete Fourier Transform, Walsh-Hadamard
Transform, Discrete Cosine Transform, and Discrete Wavelet Transform methods ), Image
compression standards –JPEG using DCT & DWT Continuous Tone Still Image
Compression standard, Basics of MPEG Video Compression standard.

Module 4: Digital geometry and its application in image

processing (8 Hours) Neighbourhood, connectedness, path, holes and surroundness,
Borders, distances, Medial axis transformation, shrinking and expanding, thinning,
Morphological operations- Erosion, Dilation, Opening, Closing, Parallel implementation,
Smoothing, Component labelling, Thinning

Module 5: Image segmentation (6 Hours)

Edge detection – Roberts, Prewitt, Sobel & Laplacian Operators, Edge linking and Boundary
Detection – Local Processing, Global Processing via the Hough Transform to detect straight
lines and parameterised curves,

Module 6: Representation and Description (6 Hours)

Representation: Chain codes, Polygonal Approximations, Signatures, Boundary Segments,
Skeletons; Boundary Descriptors – length, diameter, major axis, minor axis, basic rectangle,
eccentricity, curvature, shape numbers; Application of Image Processing

Text Books:

1. Digital Image Processing - Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods, Pearson.,

rd
2009, 3 Ed
2. Fundamental of Digital Image Processing, Anil K Jain, PHI, 1994
3. Computer Vision - D H Ballard and C M Brown, PHI.
4. Digital Image Processing- S Jayaraman, S.Essakirajan, T Veerakumar, TMH