AUTOCAD LECTURE TUTORIAL REPORT

Lecture 5
32. Divide command
Objectives: To divide line or arc in equal parts.
 Steps:
 Press DIV and enter.
 Select the line or arc to be divided.
 Type the required number of division and press enter.

FIG: line to be divided

FIG: result

 To change point style and size

 Click on format.
 Click on point style.
 A dialogue box will appear select the point style and size as per requirement
and click on OK.

FIG: changing the point style

33. Layer
Objective: To Create a new layer.
 Steps:
 Click new layer on layer toolbar.

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 In a dialogue box click new layer.

 Select name, color, line type and line weight and apply the changes.

New

34. Layer Isolate

- LAYISO enter & select the object + right click + Enter
- LAYON enter to exit
35. Text command
Objectives:To insert the text.
 Steps:
 Enter T.
 Specify the corner point and opposite corner.
 A text format box appears, where text can be written and edited.

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36. Dt & Mt command

Text, also called single-line text, or Dtext, makes every line a separate object. It’s great for
short annotation in a drawing. On the other hand, Mtext, also called multiline text, has more
formatting options, and is better for larger amounts of text. Mtext is especially important if
you need to create left and right margins and wrap the text between those margins.

Eg: To insert symbols in text,

- MT enter

- Click on symbol icon

- Insert the required item

Sometimes, you have single-line text that should be multiline text, or vice versa. Here are two
simple ways to convert between the two types of text.

From text to Mtext

To convert from text to Mtext, use the Express Tools command TXT2MTXT. Choose
Express> Text> Convert Text to Mtext.

At the Select objects: prompt, select the text objects that you want to convert. If you press
Enter instead, you get the Text to MText Options dialog box. Set the options as you want and
press OK. By default, the command sorts from the top object downward, and tries to word
wrap the Mtext that it creates.

One nice feature of the command is that if you select text objects first, the command executes
without further input — very efficient! Another efficient feature is that the command does a
true conversion; your old text objects are gone.

How to write subscripts & superscripts in Autocad text?

There are several ways to do this.

In the MTEXT editor write the index text as a stacked text - e.g. 2nd/xx hole (if you have AutoStack
disabled, select the text to stack - nd/xx, right click and choose 'Stack'). Select the stacked text, right
click and choose 'Stack Properties'. Delete nominator or denominator of the stack (e.g. xx). Set the
'Style' to 'Tolerance'. (gives: 2nd hole)

If you are using a font with full Unicode set, you can also use Unicode characters for "2-superscript" -
\U+00B2 or "3-superscript" - \U+00B3 or "2-subscript" - \U+2082, to form single-line texts like
E=mc2 or H2O. This approach can be used even in plain Text (not MText) entities, dimensions and
labels.

If you are using an external Mtext editor (not Internal), you can also use the MText control characters
- e.g.:

\A1;TEXT{\H0.5x;\SINDEX;}

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(gives: TEXTINDEX)

37.To insert a block

 Steps:
 Enter I
 Select the object to be inserted.
 Specify the insertion point and insert the block.

FIG: insert dialog box

38. SPLINE command

Creates a smooth curve that passes through or near a set of fit points, or that is defined by the
vertices in a control frame.

Splines are defined either with fit points, or with control vertices. By default, fit points coincide with
the spline, while control vertices define a control frame. Control frames provide a convenient
method to shape the spline.

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Method

Controls whether the spline is created with fit points or with control vertices. (SPLMETHOD
system variable)

Fit

Creates a degree 3 (cubic) B-spline by specifying fit points that the spline must pass
through. When the tolerance value is greater than 0, the spline must be within the
specified tolerance distance from each point.

Control Vertices (CV)

Creates a spline by specifying control vertices. Use this method to create splines of
degree 1 (linear), degree 2 (quadratic), degree 3 (cubic), and so on up to degree 10.
Adjusting the shape of a spline by moving control vertices often provides better
results than moving fit points.

LECTURE:6

36. Align command

Objective: To align an object to a line.
 Steps:
 Enter AL.
 Select object and enter.
 Specify first source: the source was specified.
 Specify first destination point: the destination point was specified.
 Specify second source point: the second source was specified.
 Specify second destination point.
 scale objects based on alignment points (yes/no)

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37.Multiline Command
Objectives:To create multiple parallel lines.
 Steps:
 Type ML and enter.
 Specify first point or (justification(j) /scale(s)/style) : click at certain point.
 Enter s
 Enter the required scale: required scale was entered.
 Enter j
 Enter justification type. (top/zero/bottom): select the required type.

38. Area calculation

Objectives:To find out area of any object.
 Steps:
Method1
 Type aa & press enter
 Specify 1st corner. Trace the object by clicking on each corners
Method2
 Enter AA.
 Enter O, select the enclosed area of object.
 Area willbe displayed below at command window bar.

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39.Addition of Area
Objectives:To add area of different objects.
 Steps:
 Enter AA.
 Enter Afor addtion
 Enter O and select objects to be added and the area increases

FIG:area of single object FIG:area of total object

40. List command

Objectives:To know the area of an object.
 Steps:
 Enter Li
 Select the object.

Fig: area of an object

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41. Scale command

Objectives: To enlarge the object in specific scale

 Steps:

 Type SC and press enter.

 Select the object and press enter.

 Specifythe base point and enter scale factor.

Scale facto 2

Fig: initial object fig: result

42.Hatch command
Objectives: To hatch the plan
 Steps:
 Enter H.
 Select the hatch
 Add the pick point
 Select the object
 Enter ok

LECTURE:7

43. Raster image

Objectives:
 Steps:

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 Click insert in the tool bar.

 Click raster image.
 Select image

44. Crop the image

Objectives: To crop the image.
 Steps:
 Enter Image clip
 Select image to clip.
 click on/off/delete/new boundary
 Enter clipping type (polygonal or rectangular)
 Specify first corner point.
 Specify other corner.

45.Arrow heads
Objectives: To create arrow head.
 Steps:
 Enter PL.
 Enter w
 Set the width.
 Specify starting width
 Specify ending width
 Specify height of arrow.

46. over kill

Objectives: To overkill two overlapping lines.
 Steps:
 Enter the overkill
 Select the object: the objects to be overlapped are selected.

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47. Block edit

Objectives: To edit the block.

 Steps:
 Double click on block
 Click on OK and make the require changes.
 Click on “close block editor’’.

Fig: Block

48. Bringing object front

Objectives: To bring back object into front.
 Steps:
 Enter BR.
 Enter F

49. Designcenter book

Objectives: To insert the layout.

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 Steps:
 Click tool pallets in toolbar.
 Select the Architectural.
 Inset the required objects.
 Change the object into plan \elevation as required.

50.Hatch edit
Objective: To edit the hatched area
 Steps :
 Enter ‘he’ OR
 And double click on the hatched area
 And option are come then change the required hatch style.
 To hatch different room , enter ‘pl’ and enclosed the fixed area then
enter H and choose the hatch option .

60. Multi line edit

Objective: to edit the multi lines
 Steps:
 Enter ‘mledit’
 Appear option
 Then choose appropriate options

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61. Wipeout
Objective: to cover the unwantedfigure
 Steps:
 Enter wipeout
 Then draw the figure to cover the unwanted figure

Before After

62. Break point command

Objectives: To break the line.

 Steps:

 Press Br enter.
 Select the line to be break.
 Specify the point where the line is to be break.

Fig:a polyline Fig:Linebreaked

63.Align command

Objectives:To align objects

 Steps:

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 Type AL and enter.

 Select the object to be aligned.
 Specify the first point and destination of first point. Then specify second point and its
destination and press enter.

Fig: object to be aligned Fig: specifying the point

Now, there is the option to scale objects based on alignment points or not. If you click on
yes(y) the object will be aligned on the scale of fixed destination point. If you click on no(n)
the object will aligned on its original scale.

Fig : object aligned ,when n Fig: object aligned ,when y

64.Mirrtext

Objectives:To mirror the text.

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 Steps:
 Enter Mirrtext.
 Enter value for mirrtex .If 0, the mirror of text cannot be done. If , the mirror of the
text can be done.

Fig: entering value for mirrtext

Fig: when value for mirrtext is 0 Fig: when value for mirrtext is 1

Fig: entering value for mirrtext

65. Boundary

Objectives: To Convert line object to polyline.

 Steps:

 Enter Bo .
 A dialog box will appear .click ok.

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Fig: line object Fig: dialog box

 Pick the internal point

Fig ; selecting the object Fig: polyline

66. Region

Objectives: To change line to polyline.

 Steps:

 Enter Region.
 Select the object and Enter.

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Fig: line object fig: polyline[ final result]

Fig: selecting the object

67. Find and Replace command

Objectives: To replace the letterings.

 Steps:

 Enter Find
 In a dialogue box: select appropriate object in <Find text string> and <Replace with>
 click <Find Next>:
 displays the number of letterings and replace it.

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68. Spell command

Objectives:To check the spelling of the texts.

 Steps:
 Enter Spell.
 Select object.
 In dialogue box click on correct spelling.
 Click Change.
 In dialogue box click Ok.

Lecture: 8

69. EXTRIM
Objective : To trim the continuous line on given specific area.
 Steps:
 First draw a continuous line where dimension is required.
 Then draw a rectangle of any size crossing the continuous line.
 After that type extrimenter
 Select object
 Specify the side to trim on enter
 Then delete rectangle

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70. LINE TYPE MANAGER

Objective: To change line type
 Steps:
 Click on the LAYER in the layer toolbar.
 Then click on other.
 Click on load and choose line type which one is suitable.
 Click ok and again click ok.

71.EXPRESS
Objective: To enclosed the text on circle, rectangle, etc.
 Steps:
 First type any text such as 1, 2,A, B……
 -Click EXPRESS on the toolbar.
 Then click TEXT.
 Click ENCLOSE TEXT WITH OBJECT.
 Select object and double enter.
 Then enclose the text with circle\rectangle\slots
 Create circle of variable or constant size and choose variable and enter.

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72.CONTINUOUS DIMENSION
Objective: To give dimension continuously.
 Steps:
 Click linear dimension in the dimension toolbar.
 Specify first extension line origin.
 Specify second extension line origin.
 Click CONTINUOUS DIMENSION in the dimension toolbar.
 Specify a second extension line originand enter.

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73.DIMENSION STYLES
Objective: To change sizes of line, arrow and text.
To fit the both line and arrow within or above or below the extension line.
 Steps:
LINE
 First “d” enter or click on DIMENSION and click DIMENSION STYLE.
 Click modify.
 Click line
 Change the line dimension and always tick on fixed length extension line and change
the length.

TEXT
 Click Text.
 Change the text placement and text alignment and text size.
 In text placement - vertical - above and in the text alignment- aligned with dimension
line

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SYMBOL AND ARROW

 Click SYMBOL and ARROW.

 Change arrow size and shape as per required.

FIT
 Click FIT
 Change both arrow and text sizes so that they get enough space to fixed inside the
extension line.
 In text placement – over dimension line.
 In scale for dimension features change the scale of dimension line as required.

ALTERNATE UNITS

 Click ALTERNATE UNITS

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 If metric dimension is needed then we can tick on display alternate units but if metric
dimension is not needed we can off the alternate units.
 After all these setting is set then click ok.
 Click set current and close.

74.QUICK DIMENSION
Objective: To give dimension
 Steps:
 First draw a continuous line where dimension have to given.
 Then draw next line crossing previous line
 Then trim the unneeded lines
 Select the remaining line and click QUICK DIMENSION in the dimension
toolbar

75. LENGTHEN
Objective: To increase the length of any line.
 Steps 1:
 Draw any size line
 Type lengthen and< enter>
 Select object
 Type T for total <enter>
 Type required size <enter>
 Select object <enter>

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 Steps 2:
 Again draw line of same size as previous
 Type lengthen <enter>
 Select object
 Type delta<enter>
 Type required size <enter>
 Select object<enter>
 In this the length is added to previous length.

LECTURE 9

76.DIMENSION STYLE

Objective: To create new dimension style.

 Steps
 TYPE ‘d’ & enter
 Click New.
 Type new name in new style name.
 Click continue
 Then change sizes of line, arrow and symbol, text height etc.

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77.SCALE

Objective: SCALE is the name of the command that helps scale objects in AutoCAD.

How to SCALE in AutoCAD

The more intuitive approach to use this command is the following

1. Type SCALE and Press ENTER

2. Select the object to scale and Press ENTER
3. Specify the base point (with a click)
4. Specify the scale factor.

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What is the Scale factor?

If we consider the images we have below, the inner circle was scaled with a scale factor of
15.29/8.81 which is approximately 1.73.

The base point

The base point of the example below was chosen to be the center of the inner circle.

Using the SCALE command with a reference

You can also make use of this command without using the Scale factor, using a reference
instead.

Let’s consider the following example. What we want to do is to scale the radius of the inner
circle of the object to be equal to the length of the red line. And furthermore we want to keep
a copy of the original object.

To use the SCALE command adding the reference to the equation

1. Type SCALE and Press ENTER

2. Select the object to scale and Press ENTER
3. Specify the base point (Let’s it be the center point of the inner circle)
4. Type C and Press ENTER
5. type R and Press ENTER
6. Click on the center of the inner circle
7. Click on a quadrant of the circle
8. Type P and Press ENTER
9. Select one end of the red line
10. Select the other end of the red line

Here is the result

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If we omitted the step 4 in the last procedure, here is what we would get

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78.COPY

Objective: To open a block

 Steps:
 Type ‘w’ & enter.
 Select object.
 Always tick in convert to block

79.TO OPEN NEXT FILE

 Enter ctrl plus tab.

80.PURGE

Objective: To remove un used layer.

 Steps:

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 Type ‘pu’ & enter

 Click purg al
 Click yes to all.

81.TO CHANGE SETTING

 Type ‘FILEDIA & enter.
 If we choose 0,dialog box will appear and if 1, dialog box will disappear.

82.TO INSERT TABLE

 Click draw.

 Click table.
 Enter the required nos. of row and column

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 Click at the point and drag, table will form as the shape required.

83.TO FIND TOTAL SUM OF ROWS OR COLUMN

 Double click in table.
 Click object.
 Click formula
 Click sum

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 Select the object to be summed& enter ok.

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LECTURE 10
84.X-CLIP
Objective: To select the required area or part of block.

 steps
 Command: xclip
 Select objects.
 [ON/OFF/Clipdepth/Delete/generate Polyline/New boundary] <New>: n
 [Select polyline/Polygonal/Rectangular] <Rectangular>: r
 Specify first corner.
 Then next corner.

85. OOPS
Objective: To recover the deleted block.
 Step:
 OOPS enter

86. JPGOUT
Objective :To save CAD file in jpg. Form.

 Steps:
 Select object.
 Type jpgout.

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 Save file.

87. ARRAY
Objective: To copy the block in numbers of row or column.
 Steps:
 Command: array
 Dialogue box appeared.
 Select object.
 Insert number of rows or column required.
 Then fix the offset distance or direction.
 Click OK.

 Example: one block is copied to many rows and column.

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88. DDINSERT
Objective:To insert the block from one file to another file.
 Steps:
 Command : ddinsert

 Then dialogue box will appear.

 Browse the file .
 Then click open and ok.

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89. MINSERT
Objective: To insert the block in array form.

 Steps:
 Command: minsert
 Enter block name which to be copied.
 Specify insertion point or [Basepoint/Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate]
 Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ] <1
 Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor
 Specify rotation angle <0>
 Enter number of rows (---) <1>
 Enter number of columns (|||) <1>
 Enter distance between rows or specify unit cell (---): 50'
 Enter distance between columns.
 Whole file will appear in screen in array form.

Before use of minsert command.

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90. TEXTFIT
Objective: To increase or decrese text size.
 Steps:
 Write single line text .
 Command: textfit
 Select text to stretch or shrink.
 Specify end point.

91. VIEWPORT
Objective: To arrange the view of drawing.
Makes work easier working in different viewports.
 Steps:
 Go to view then to viewport and click to required viewports ….1 viewports,2
viewports.
 Enter a configuration option.
 Horizontal
 Vertical

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Tutorial: 2

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