Baghdad, Iraq

University of Technology
Department of Electrical Engineering
Division Electronic Engineering

Computer Networks
Lecture 1-1
Introduction to Networking

4th year (semester 2)

2019-2020

Lecturer Dr. Khalida Sh. Rijab

Introduction to Networking Dr. Khalida Sh. Rijab 1
 References:

1. Behrouz A. Forouzan , Data Communications and Networking , 4th

Edition , Mc Graw Hill , 2007 .
2. A.Tanenbaun and D. J . Wetherall , Computer Networks , 5th Edition
Prentice Hall , 20011.

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 The information presented in this lecture is
from the “Data Communications and
Netorking”, by Behrouz A. Forouzan book and
some slides are taken from Power Point slides
by the same author.

Dr. Kh. Sh. Rijab

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 Note: tele is Greek for "far".
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 Components of Data Communication
A Data Communication system has five components as shown in the
diagram below:
1. Message: Message is the information to be communicated by the
sender to the receiver.
2. Sender: The sender is any device that is capable of sending the data
(message).
3. Receiver: The receiver is a device that the sender wants to
communicate the data (message).
4. Transmission Medium: It is the path by which the message travels
from sender to receiver. It can be wired or wireless and many subtypes
in both.
5. Protocol: It is an agreed upon set or rules used by the sender and
receiver to communicate data
Introduction to Networking Dr. Khalida Sh. Rijab 5
 ➢ A protocol is a set of rules that governs data communication.

➢ A Protocol is a necessity in data communications without which the

communicating entities are like two persons trying to talk to each other in a
different language without know the other language.

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 [Data Communications System ]
The effectiveness of a data communications system depends on
four fundamental characteristics
1) Delivery : To deliver data to correct destination
2) Accuracy : To deliver data accurately.
3) Timeliness: To deliver data in a timely manner.
4) Jitter. Jitter refers to the variation in the packet arrival time

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Introduction to Networking Dr. Khalida Sh. Rijab 9
 [NETWORKS ]

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 o Performance
can be measured in many ways, including transit time and response time.
Transit time: is the amount of time required for a message to travel from one device to another.
Response time: is the elapsed time between an inquiry and a response.

The performance of a network depends on:

• number of users
• the type of transmission medium
• Hardware and software.

Performance is often evaluated by two networking metrics:

1. Throughput
2. Delay.
We often need more throughput and less delay.

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 o Reliability
is measured by the:

• frequency of failure
• time it takes a link to recover from a failure (recovery time)
• network's robustness in a catastrophe.

o Security
Include protecting data from:
• unauthorized access
• damage
• Viruses
Implementing policies and procedures for recovery from
breaches and data losses.
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 [Basic Concepts of Networking ]
To understand the relationship between the communicating devices.
Five general concepts provide the basis for this relationship:
• Transmission mode(data flow ).
• line configuration (Type of Connection).
• topology
• Categories of Networks.
• Internetworks

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 [Transmission Mode (Data Flow) ]
devices communicate with each other by sending and receiving data. The
data can flow between the two devices in the following ways.
1. Simplex . 2. Half Duplex . 3.Full Duplex .

(Keyboards and traditional monitors)

(Walkie-talkies and CB (citizens band) radios)

(telephone network)

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 [Line Configuration (Types of Connection) ]

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Introduction to Networking Dr. Khalida Sh. Rijab 16
 ▪ also called multidrop
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 Thank you
and
good luck

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