‫اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺎت‬

‫اﻟﺼﻨﻌﻲ ﻹﻳﺠﺎد أﻓﻀﻞ أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬

‫اﻟﺬآﺎء اﻟﺼﻨﻌ‬
An Advanced Testing Strategy based Artificial Intelligence
Algorithms
g for Optimal
p Inspection
p Procedures

‫ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ ﺎﻟ‬
‫اﻟﺪآﺘﻮر اﻟ ﻨ‬
‫اﻟ آﺘ‬
‫ ﺳﻮرﻳﺎ‬،‫ دﻣﺸﻖ‬،‫اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬

Dr. Eng. Hussain Aziz SALEH

• Higher
Hi h Commission
C i i for
f Scientific
S i tifi Research,
R h Damascus,
D Syria
S i
• P. O. Box: 30151
• Tel: +963-11-3341864,
+963 11 3341864
• Fax :+963-11-3342998,
• http://www.hcsr.gov.sy
http://www hcsr gov sy, http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/
http://iridia ulb ac be/~hsaleh
hsaleh
• E: office@hcsr.gov.sy, hussainazizsaleh@gmail.com
 ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻌﺮض‬
‫‪The Contents‬‬

‫أهﻤﻴﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻼإﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺢ‬

‫أهﺪاف اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻼإﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮات إﺟﺮاء اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻼإﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺄت اﻟﺨﺮاﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻼإﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎآﻞ( اﻟﺘ ﻨ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ )اﻟ ﺸﺎآﻞ‬
‫اﻟ ﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫وﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺎت اﻟﺬآﺎء اﻟﺼﻨﻌﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
 ‫‪Introduction‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻴﺮ أدﺑﻴﺎت إدارة اﻷزﻣﺎت واﻟﻜﻮارث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن ‪ 21‬إﻟﻰ ﻏﻴﺎب ﻣﺨﺰون ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ودروس وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺎت وﻗﻴﺎس اﻷداء ﻟﻜﻞ أزﻣﺔ أو آﺎرﺛﺔ وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻔﺠﻮات اﻟﻤﻬﺎرﻳﻪ واﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮًا ﻻهﻤﻴﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒــﺎرات‬
‫اﻟﻼإﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ إدارة اﻟﻜﻮارث‬
‫ﻟﻬﺎ ووﺳﻼﻣﺔ‬‫ﺒﻖ ﻬ‬
‫ي اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ‬‫وواﻟﺘﺼﺪي‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄت‪ ,‬ﺗﺘﻨﺎول هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة‬
‫أهﻤﻴﺔ هﺬﻩ اﻻﺧﺘﺒــﺎرات ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ودورهﺎ اﻟﻔﻌﺎل ﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎﻻت هﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﺪﻳﺪة‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ‪,‬‬
‫وﺗﺤـﻠـﻴـﻞ أﺳﺒــﺎب اﻟﺘﺼـﺪع اﻟﻨـﺎﺗﺞ‬
‫ﻋــﻦ ﻗﻠﺔ ﻗــﻮة اﻟﺘﺤﻤـﻞ‪ ,‬واﻟﺘﺸﻘﻖ‬
‫وﻋــــﺪم ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔــــﺎت‪,‬‬
‫واﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘـﻮة اﻟﺤﺎﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﻬـﺎﺋـﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻻﺻــﻼح‬
‫ﻼ‬ ‫أﺛﻨــﺎء ا‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ااو أﺛ ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸـﺄة ﻗ ﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠ ﺄ‬
‫واﻟﺼﻴــﺎﻧـــﺔ‪ .‬أﻳﻀﺎ ﺗﻘﺘﺮح هﺬﻩ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧ ﺬ ﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻠ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔﺔ ﻨ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻘ‬
‫ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺎت اﻟﺬآﺎء اﻟﺼﻨﻌﻲ ﻻﻳﺠﺎد‬
‫اﻓﻀﻞ ﻃﺮق اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
 ‫‪The Aim‬‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺪف‬ ‫‪Operational‬‬
‫‪Performance‬‬
‫‪Analysis Geo-information‬‬
‫‪Technology‬‬ ‫‪gy‬‬
‫‪Research‬‬ ‫‪Scales‬‬
‫اﻟﻬﺪف هﻮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ آﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻻداء‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎت‬
‫واﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪Artificial‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫‪Simulation‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ واﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫‪Intelligence‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎآﺎة‬ ‫‪Optimization‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬآﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫‪Magnetic‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨﻌﻲ‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻹﻳﺠﺎد اﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫‪ Modelling‬ﻃﺮق اﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎر‬ ‫‪Particles‬‬
‫اﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ واﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺒ‬ ‫و‬
‫اﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻟ ﻠ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃ‬
‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪S d d‬‬
‫‪Standard‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ‪Coring‬‬
‫اﻟ ﻐﻨﺎﻃ ﺔ‬
‫‪Comparisons‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﻦ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺣﺪوث ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺎت‬ ‫‪Rebound‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎآﻞ ورﺻﺪهﺎ واﻻﻧﺬار اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪Hammer‬‬ ‫‪Eddy‬‬
‫وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺮﺻﺪ اﻟ ﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
‫اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ اﺧﺘ ﺎ‬
‫ا ﺘ اﺗ ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ ﻄ ﻗﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻗﺔ‬ ‫‪Current‬‬
‫اﻻرﺗﺪادﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎرات‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺮ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ )آﺎﻟﺠﻴﻮﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ(‬ ‫ﻹﻳﺠﺎد أﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫‪Ultrasonic‬‬
‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات‬
‫ﻨﻈﺎم اﻟ ﻠ ﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﻨﻈﺎ‬
‫ورﺑﻂ اﻟ ﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫ﻂ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬ ‫‪Velocity‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﻮق‬
‫اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ‪ GIS‬واﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ‬
‫إدارة‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬
‫‪Pullout‬‬
‫اﻟﻜﻮارث‬ ‫‪Lok Test‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺪ‬
‫‪Radio‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﻮك‬ ‫‪Break off/‬‬ ‫‪graphic‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄت‬ ‫‪Pull off‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻜﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮوﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪Visual‬‬ ‫‪Liquid‬‬
‫‪Testing‬‬ ‫‪Penetrate‬‬
‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺼﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة‬
 ‫ﻲ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫أهﻤﻴﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻼإﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪The Importance of the Non-destructive Tests in assessing the Concrete Steel‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸـــﺂت اﻟﺨﺮاﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ,‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻳﺠﺎد اﻟﺤﻠﻮل اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻌﺔ ﻟﻤﺸﺎآﻞ اﻧﻬﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻨﺸ ﺂت‬
‫ﺗﺮآﺰ اﻻﺑﺤﺎث واﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻋﻠ‬
‫اﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎر ﺧــﻼل ﻓﺘــﺮات زﻣﻨﻴﺔ أﻗــــــﻞ ﻣـــﻦ ﻋُﻤﺮهﺎ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫وﻣـﺪى ﺗﺄﺛ‬
‫واﻟﺘﺸﻘﻖ ﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﺪع اﻟﺘﺸﻘﻖ‬
‫أﺳﺒﺎب هﺬا اﻟﺘ ﺪع‬
‫ﻦأ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣــﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸــﺄت ﻳﺘﻄﻠ‬
‫واﻟﺘﺸﻘﻘﺎت ﻓﻓـﻲ اﻟ ﻨﺸ ﺄ‬
‫ﺘﺼـﺪﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻘﻘﺎت‬
‫ﻇﻬﻮر اﻟﺘ ﺪ‬‫إن ﻇ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄت ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﻨﻴـﺎت اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻟاﻟﻼإﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬

‫ل‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸـﺎآﻞ ﻟاﻟﺨﺮاﺳـﺎﻧﻴﺔﺔ ﻟاﻟﺤﺎﻓﺰ ﻟاﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﻄ‬
‫ﻞ‬ ‫هﺬﻩ ﻟ‬
‫ﻟﻟﻘﺪ آﺎﻧﺖ ﺬ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟـﻰ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ و اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻃــﺮق ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ وﻏﻴﺮ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ واﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘــــﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ هــﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻨـﺸــﺂت‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔــﺎت واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ واﻟﻤﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻟﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ واﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪.‬‬

‫‪Database‬‬
‫‪“Not easy to ‬‬
‫‪y‬‬
‫”‪interpret‬‬
 ‫أهﺪاف اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻼإﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫‪The Aims of the Non-destructive Tests for the Concrete Steel‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻬﺪف اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗـﻮة وﺛﺒـﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬

‫ﻼ(‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻗﻮة ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ وأﺟﺰاء ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄة وﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ )ﻟﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﻘﻮاﻟﺐ ﻣﺜ ً‬

‫)‪ (3‬اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺠــﺎﻧﺲ اﻟﻤﻨﺸـﺄة آﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ وأن آﻞ أﺟﺰاﺋﻬﺎ ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬

‫اﻷﺣﻤـﺎل‬
‫ل‬ ‫ﻦ اﻷ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ااﻟﻨﺎﺷﺌﺔ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘـﺄﺛﻴﺮات ا رﺟﻴ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ا ﻴﺮا‬
‫ﻰ و‬‫ﻗﺪرﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ر ﻬ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳـﺎﻧﺔ و ﻳ‬
‫ﻦ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﺔ ا ﺮ‬
‫ﻖ ﻣﻦ‬
‫)‪ (4‬ااﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬
‫واﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺔ واﻟﺘﺂآﻞ وﻣﻬـﺎﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣـﻞ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ )آﺎﻟﻜﻮارث(‬

‫اﻹﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ُﻤﺮ اﻹﻓﺘﺮاﺿ‬
‫)‪ (5‬ﻓﺤﺺ أداء اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄت ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻌﻌﻤﺮ‬

‫‪Database‬‬
‫‪“Not easy to ‬‬
‫‪y‬‬
‫”‪interpret‬‬
 ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻼإﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﺑﻌﺾ ﺧﻮاص اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫‪Th N‬‬
‫‪The‬‬ ‫‪Non-destructive‬‬
‫‪d t ti T‬‬ ‫‪Tests‬‬
‫‪t tto measure some features‬‬
‫‪f t‬‬ ‫‪off the‬‬
‫‪th C‬‬‫‪Concrete‬‬
‫‪t Steel‬‬
‫‪St l‬‬

‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪهﺎ‬

‫اﻟﻨﺒﺾ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻲ‪ ،‬أﺧﺬ ﺻﺪى اﻟﻨﺒﺾ‪ ،‬اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻔﺼﺎل‬
‫اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟﻨﺒﺾ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺸﻘﻮق‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺟﻬﺪ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫اآﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ‬
‫اﻷﺷﻌﺔﺔ اﻟ ﻨ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬اﻷﺷ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟ ﻐﻨﺎﻃ ﺔ‬
‫ﻃ ﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪﺪ اﻟﺘ ﻠ‬
‫ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻗ‬
‫ﺗ ﺪﺪ‬
‫أﺷﻌﺔ آﺎﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺜﻘﻴﺐ ﻋﻴﻨﺎت اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ واﻟﺴﻤﺎآﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺮووﻳﻒ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺮادار‪ ،‬اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺬرﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟﻨﺒﺾ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺂآﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫اﻻرﺗﺪادﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫ق‬
‫اﻟﻨﺒﺾ ﻓﻮق‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺬرﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬
‫‪Database‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻮاء‬ ‫وﻣﺤﺘﻮى‬
‫‪“Not easy to ‬‬
‫‪y‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺐ )اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت(‬
‫”‪interpret‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﻷداء واﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﻢ‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺎذﻳﺔ‬
 ‫ﺧﻄﻮات إﺟﺮاء اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻼإﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺄت اﻟﺨﺮاﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪The Non-destructive Tests steps applied on the Concrete Steel‬‬

‫اﻟﻼإﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ‪:‬‬
‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻼإﺗﻼﻓ ﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻻﺧﺘ ﺎ ا‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻄ ﻖ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫• ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﺤــﻮص ﻧﻈــﺮﻳـﺔ ﻟﺘﺤـﺪﻳﺪ آﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺸــﺎآﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ وﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄة‬
‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻨﻈﺮي‬ ‫آﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫هﺬﻩ اﻻﺧﺘ ﺎ ات‬
‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات‬ ‫إﺟﺮاء هﺬ‬
‫وإﻣﻜــﺎﻧﻴﺔﺔ إ ا‬
‫ﺎآﻞ إ ﻜ ﺎﻧ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸــﺎآﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟ ﺸ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪﺪ اﻗ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﺘ ﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺴﺢ ﻜﺎﻧ‬
‫ﻞ‬ ‫•‬
‫• ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ هﺪف وﻏﺮض اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة اﻟﻮﻗﺖ واﻟﻜﻠﻔﺔ ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺎآﻞ وأﺳﺒﺎﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات و‪/‬أو اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت‬
‫ﺧﻄﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات‬
‫ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات و‪/‬أو‬
‫ﻧﻘﺎط اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت‬
‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﺗ ﻊ‬
‫وﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫إﺟﺮاءات اﻻﺧﺘ ﺎ ات‬
‫إ ا ات‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬

‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ وﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎت‬

 ‫‪Rebound Hammer Test for‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻗﺔ اﻻرﻧﺪادﻳﺔ ﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬
‫‪Surface Hardness‬‬

‫وﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﻄﺮﻗﺔ ﺷﻤﻴﺖ ﻓﻲ أﺣﺪ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ هﺬا اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺒﺪأ اﻻرﺗﺪاد ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﺻﻄﺪام ﺛﻘﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﺴـﻄـﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳــﺎﻧﺔ وﺗﻘــﺎس‬
‫درﺟﺔ اﻻرﺗﺪاد ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴــﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﻄﻌﻬﺎ هـﺬا اﻟﺜﻘﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻرﺗﻄﺎم ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ هـﺬﻩ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﻜﺮة‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﺤﺺ ﺗﺠﺎﻧﺲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻋـﻦ ﻗــﻮة ﻃﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﻄـﺢ اﻟﺘــﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺸــﺄة‪ .‬آـﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻗﻴـﺎس ﻗــﻮة اﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺑﺤﺴﺎب ﻋــﺮض‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟ ﻄﻠ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻠ ا ﻔﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ اﻟﺨ ﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺪى ﻄﺎ ﻘﺔ‬‫‪ -‬ﻓﻓﺤﺺ ﺪ‬ ‫وﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﻔــﺮاغ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺮآﺘﻪ اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‪.‬‬
‫وﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔـﺎت وﺧﻮاص ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳــﺎﻧﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي‬ ‫وﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ رﻗﻢ اﻻرﺗﺪاد ﺑﻌﺪة ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ودﻳﻤﻮﻣﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ و ﻳ ﻮ ﻬ‬
‫ﻰ أداء ﺮ‬‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻴﺮ ﺒ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺧﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ )ﻧﻮع اﻷﺳﻤﻨﺖ‪ ،‬آﻤﻴﺔ اﻷﺳﻤﻨﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮع اﻟﺤﺼﻰ‪ ،‬اﻟﺦ(‬
‫‪ -‬إﻋﻄﺎء ﻓﻜﺮة ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﺪروس )ﻧﻌﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‪ ،‬ﺣﺠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﻠﻪ وﺛﺒﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺮﻩ‪ ،‬وﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‪ ،‬درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‪ ،‬اﻟﺦ(‬

‫زﻧﺒﺮك اﻹرﺗﺪاد‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة واﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس ﻣﻠﺤﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ذراع‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮﻗﺔ‬

‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻻج اﻹﻋﺘﺎق‬
‫‪Window and‬‬
‫‪Impact‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﻟ ﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪scale‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪Release‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫‪Concrete‬‬ ‫‪spring‬‬ ‫‪Rider on‬‬ ‫‪Hammer‬‬ ‫‪catch‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫‪surface‬‬ ‫‪guide rod‬‬ ‫‪guide‬‬

‫‪Database‬‬ ‫‪Compressing‬‬
‫‪spring‬‬
‫‪Plunger‬‬
‫‪Hammer‬‬ ‫‪Not easy to ‬‬
‫‪“Not‬‬
‫‪Housing‬‬ ‫‪easy to‬‬
‫”‪ interpret‬ﻣﻨﺰل اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﺒﺮك اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺨﺮاﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫آﺒّﺎس‬
‫‪mass‬‬
‫‪Locking‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ وﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫آﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻗﺔ‬ ‫‪button‬‬
‫رﺳﻢ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ﻟﻤﻄﺮﻗﺔ ﺷﻤﻴﺖ اﻻرﺗﺪادﻳﺔ‬ ‫زر اﻹﻏﻼق‬
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﻤﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﻣﻴﻢ‬
 ‫‪Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت ﻓﻮق اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ هﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒــﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻟـﻴـﺪ ﻧﺒﻀــﺎت وﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ إﻋــﺎدة اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل هــﺬا اﻟﻨﺒﺾ اﻟﻤــﺮﺗﺪ وﺗﻀﺨﻴﻤـﻪ وﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺪة اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﺳﺘﻐﺮﻗﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ان ﺳــﺮﻋــﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻀــﺎت اﻟﻤﺘـﻮﻟــﺪة ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴــًﺎ داﺧـــﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳـﺎﻧـﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ أﺳــﺎﺳــًﺎ ﻋﻠـــﻰ اﻟﺨـــﻮاص اﻟﻤــﺮﻧــﺔ ﻟﻠﺨــﺮﺳــﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺨﺮﺳــﺎﻧﺔ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺒﺾ ﻓﻓــﻲ اﻟﺨ ﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴــﺎر اﻟﻨ‬
‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻧﻧــﻮع‬
‫ﻘﺔ ﻠ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
‫آـــﻞ ﻃ‬
‫وﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ آ ﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳــﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗ ﺘ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻄــﺢ اﻟﺨ ﺎﻧ ﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠـﺔ ﺎﻷ ﻄ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺳـﻠﺔ اﻟ ﺘﻘ ﻠ ﺔ‬
‫ﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒـــــﺾ اﻟ‬
‫أﺟـﻬـﺰة اﻟﻨ‬
‫ﻟﻮﺻــﻞ أ ﺰة‬
‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻃــﺮق ﻟ‬
‫ﺗﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻃ ق‬
‫وهـﺬﻩ اﻟﻄﺮق هﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻷوﺟﻪ اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ )ﻟﻺرﺳﺎل اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ(‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻷوﺟﻪ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎورة )ﻟﻺرﺳﺎل ﺷﺒﻪ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ(‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ(‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟ ﺎﺷ‬ ‫ﻟﻺرﺳﺎل ﻏ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ )ﻟﻺ ﺎل‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻔ‬
‫ﻃ ﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬا اﻹﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (1‬ﻗﻴﺎس ﺗﺠﺎﻧﺲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫)‪ (2‬إآﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﺸﻘﻮق واﻟﺘﻌﺸﻴﺶ‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺪى ﺗﺪهﻮر وﺗﺂآﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫)‪ (4‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﺳﻤﺎآﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت‬
‫)‪ (5‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ‬
‫)‪ (6‬ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻧﻤﻮ وﺗﻄﻮر ﻗﻮة اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ وﻗﺖ اﻹﻧﻀﺎج‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت ﻓﻮق اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة ﻋﻠ‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻧﻮع وﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺤﺼﻰ وآﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﻮع اﻟﺨﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪ (2‬درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
‫)‪ (3‬درﺟﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
‫)‪ (4‬اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫)‪ (5‬رﻃﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻴّﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺮي اﺧﺘﺒﺎرهﺎ‬
‫)‪ (6‬وﺿـﻊ وﻋُـﻤـﻖ ﺣـﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﻨﺒﺾ ﻓﻲ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت ﻓﻮق اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ‬
 ‫‪Comparisons of Non-destructive‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻼإﺗﻼﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫‪Tests used in determining the‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫‪strength of Concrete steel‬‬

‫ﻲ اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻘﻮة ﻣﻊ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ آﻠﻔﺔ هﺬﻩ اﻻﺧﺘﺒـﺎرات وﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر وﻣﺪى ﺗﻀﺮر اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ و ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻮة اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮة‬

‫اﻹﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
‫ﻧﻮع ﻹ‬
‫ع‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻹ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻒ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫دﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪Reliabilityy of‬‬
‫‪Test Method‬‬ ‫‪Cost‬‬ ‫‪Speed of Operation‬‬ ‫‪Damage to Concrete‬‬ ‫‪Representativeness‬‬ ‫‪Strength‬‬
‫‪Prediction‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬

‫‪Coring‬‬ ‫‪Moderate‬‬ ‫‪Low‬‬ ‫‪Moderate‬‬ ‫‪Good‬‬ ‫‪Good‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻗﺔ اﻹرﺗﺪادﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺟﺪًا‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻻﺷﻲء‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫رديء إﻟﻰ ﺟﻴﺪ‬
‫‪Rebound Hammer‬‬ ‫‪Very low‬‬ ‫‪Fast‬‬ ‫‪Nil‬‬ ‫‪Surface only‬‬ ‫‪Poor to Good‬‬

‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻻﺷﻲء‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺪ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫هﺎﻣﺸﻲ إﻟﻰ ﺟﻴﺪ‬
‫‪Ultrasonic Velocity‬‬ ‫‪Low‬‬ ‫‪Fast‬‬ ‫‪Nil‬‬ ‫‪Good to Moderate‬‬ ‫‪Fair to Good‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﺪ ﻟﻠﺨﺎرج‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬

‫‪Pullout‬‬ ‫‪Moderate‬‬ ‫‪Fast‬‬ ‫‪Minor‬‬ ‫‪Near Surface‬‬ ‫‪Moderate‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻜﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬

‫‪Break off/ Pull off‬‬ ‫‪Moderate‬‬ ‫‪Low‬‬ ‫‪Moderate‬‬ ‫‪Moderate‬‬ ‫‪Moderate‬‬

‫إﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﻮك‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ إﻟﻰ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺪ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫‪LOK Test‬‬ ‫‪Moderate‬‬ ‫‪Moderate to Fast‬‬ ‫‪Moderate‬‬ ‫‪Moderate‬‬ ‫‪Good to Moderate‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ )اﻟﻤﺸﺎآﻞ( اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨﻌﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺬآﺎء اﻟ ﻨ‬
‫وﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺎت اﻟﺬآﺎ‬
‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺧ ا‬
(‫ اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬,‫)ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻴﺘﺎهﻴﺮوﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
Combinatorial Optimisation Problems (COPs)
& Artificial Intelligence Algorithms
(Metaheuristic Techniques) Database
“Not easy to 
y
interpret”
 ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎآﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ ذات اﻟﺪاﻻت اﻟﻬﺎدﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة‬
Multiobjective Combinatorial Optimisation Problems
Many real-life applications involves two types of problem difficulties: ‫( داﻻت‬1 : ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎآﻞ ذات اﻟﺪاﻻت اﻟﻬﺎدﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة وﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ‬

{ } ( )
1) multiple, conflicting objectives, 2) a highly complex search domain ‫( ﻣﺠﺎل ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻌﻘﺪ وآﺒﻴﺮ ﺟﺪا‬2 ‫ و‬, ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة وﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺔ‬
M C OP = optimize : f (x ) = f (x ), f (x ),.., f (x ) subject to x = x , x ,.., x ∈ X
1 2 n 1 2 n
fi(x) is the ith objective function to be optimised,
optimised ‫ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺘﻮاﺑﻊ اﻟﻬﺎدﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬fi(x)
( )
x is a set of decision vectors, X is the search domain. ‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ‬x ‫ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬X
Question: How do I combine all these objectives to find the optimal
‫ آﻴﻒ اﺟﻤﻊ آﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺪاﻻت ﻻﻳﺠﺎد اﻟﺤﻞ‬:‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬
solution for the disaster. Therefore, we need to answer not only the ‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻻ ﻧﺴﺄل ﻓﻘﻂ‬,‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻬ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد‬
‫ﻲ‬
question “What is the best?”, but also “What is sufficiently robust?” ‫ﻣﺎهﻮ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻜﻦ أﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﺎ هﻮ اﻻآﺜﺮ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ وﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ؟‬
Answer: Metaheuristic Techniques (Artificial Intelligence)
(‫ اﻟﺨﻮارزﻣﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻴﺘﺎهﻴﺮوﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ )اﻟﺬآﺎء اﻟﺼﻨﻌﻲ‬:‫اﻟﺠﻮاب‬

Web Server+
Dastabase+
Applications
 ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ واﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ )ذواﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ واﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ(‬
‫‪Local Search & Optimization‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫)‪(Maximization & Minimisation‬‬
‫)‪Select S∈ I(S) and compute C(S‬‬
‫‪C(S).‬‬
‫‪Generate S’∈ I(S) and compute C(S’).‬‬

‫) ‪Δ = C (S ') − C (S‬‬
‫‪If‬‬ ‫‪Δ < 0 ⇒ S ' is‬‬
‫‪i accepted‬‬
‫‪t d‬‬
‫‪Δ ≥ 0 ⇒ S‬‬ ‫‪is retained‬‬

‫)‪Retain S and ggenerate other moves until C(S’)<C(S‬‬

‫‪( ) ( ) for all S’∈ I(S).‬‬
‫) (‬
‫‪Terminate the search and return S as the local optimal solution.‬‬

‫)‪Q(S‬‬
‫)‪I(S0) I(S6‬‬ ‫)‪I(S12‬‬ ‫‪S12‬‬
‫‪S0‬‬
‫‪S6‬‬
‫‪S1‬‬
‫‪S2‬‬
‫‪S7‬‬
‫‪S3‬‬ ‫‪S11‬‬
‫ﻳﻬﺪف ﻬ س‬
‫اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻳﻬ‬
‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻴ ﻴ ﻴ‬ ‫ﻲ ﻬ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﺪف ﻬ س‬
‫اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻳﻬ‬
‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻴﻮ ﻴ ﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻬ‬‫ﻲ‬
‫‪S5‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻢ إﻟﻰ إﻳﺠﺎد اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻢ إﻟﻰ إﻳﺠﺎد اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫‪S8‬‬
‫ﺁﺧﺬا ﺑﻌﻴﻦ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺬًا ﺑﻌﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻗﻞ آﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪S4‬‬ ‫‪S10‬‬
‫واﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ واﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر آﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺸﺮوط اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪I(S4‬‬
‫ﻳﻬﺪف ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻴﺘﺎهﻴﺮوﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫واﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫)‪I(S9‬‬ ‫‪S9‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻓﻓﻲ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ( إﻟإﻟﻰ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫)اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻌﻈﻤ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﺪف ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ )اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎرة ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺂن واﺣﺪ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ( إﻟﻰ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻷﻣﺎن واﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ واﻟﺨﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺳﺮع وﻗﺖ وأﻗﻞ آﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻤﻜﻨﻴﻴﻦ‬

‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ ذو اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ ذو اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪأ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﻹﻳﺠﺎد أﻓﻀﻞ ﺣﻞ‬
 ‫اﻟﺨﻮارزﻣﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻴﺘﺎهﻴﺮوﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Metaheuristic Algorithms‬‬
‫اﻹدارة‬
‫ﻮم ﻹ ر‬‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ووﻋﻠﻮم‬
‫ﻦ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎل وواﺳﻊﻊ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻲ ﺠل‬ ‫ﻲ( اﻷآﺜﺮﺮ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ئ اﻟﺬآﺎء اﻟﺼﻨﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎدئ‬
‫ﻰ ﺒ‬‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﺘﺎهﻴﺮوﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ) ﺒ ﻴ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻮارزﻣﻴﺎت ﻴ ﻴﺮو ﻴ ﻴ‬
‫ﺗُﺘﺼﻒ ﻮ رز ﻴ‬
‫واﻹﺣﺼﺎء وآﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ وﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻘﺪرﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺑﺘﺪاع ﻃﺮق دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻹﻳﺠﺎد اﻟﺤﻞ اﻷآﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺤﻠﻮل اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ هﺬا اﻟﺤﻞ إﻟﻰ أﻗﺼﻰ ﺣﺪود اﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﻢ‬‫ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ أﻳﺔ ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻴﺘﺎهﻴﺮوﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪Initial Solution Formation‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻞ اﻷوﻟﻲ‬
‫‪ (1‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷوﻟﻲ )‪ (Initial Design‬ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﺣﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ )‪(Neighborhood‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة‬
‫ﻲ‪.‬‬
‫اﻷوﻟﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ و‬
‫ﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫وواﻟﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻦ‬ ‫‪Neighbourhood‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ وﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷآﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ )‪.(Acceptance Criteria‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ‬
‫‪ (4‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻹﻳﻘﺎف )‪ .(Stopping Criteria‬ﺗﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺨﻮارزﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﻋﺪم ﺣﺼﻮل أي ﺗﺤﺴﻦ ﻣﻠﺤﻮظ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ وﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪﻩ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻮﺑ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮوط‬
‫ﻖ ﺮو‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻓﻖ‬
‫ﻲ ﻮ‬‫ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻴﻢ ﻬ‬
‫آﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫)‪Search by Move Formation (Local Search‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻧﺠﺎح ﻋﻤﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺨﻮارزﻣﻴﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺒﺮة اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻢ وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻞ )اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ(‬
‫)‪Search by Solution Formation (guided search‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺪروﺳﺔ و ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‪ :‬ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺎت ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻟﺤﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد آﺎﻟﺘﻠﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺤﻞ )اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ(‬
‫)‪ ((Simulated Annealing‬اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻲ )‪g‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ واﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬واﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻤﺤﻈﻮر )‪ (Tabu Search‬اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺒﺪأ ﻋﻤﻞ ذاآﺮة اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب ‪ ,‬وﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺎت ﻻﻧﺸﺎء ﺣﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ‬ ‫‪Acceptance Criteria‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻨﻪ آﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ )‪(Ant Colony Optimization‬اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺒﺪأ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ وﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷآﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﻞ أ ﺎآﻦ‬
‫وأﻣﺎآﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎآﻦ اﻟﻨ ﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺎآﻦ‬
‫واﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔﺔ ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮةة اﻟ‬
‫ات اﻟﻘ‬
‫ﺎد اﻟاﻟﻤﻤﺮات‬
‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻓﻓﻲ إإﻳﺠﺎد‬
‫ﻞ اﻟﻄ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻞ اﻟﻨ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻋ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺮزق ‪ ,‬واﻟﺨﻮارزﻣﻴﺎت اﻟﺠﻨﻴﻨﻴﺔ )‪(Genetic Algorithms‬اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻔﺎهﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻮراﺛﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺐ ذات اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻮﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Termination of the Search‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻹﻳﻘﺎف‬
 ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻠﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ )ﻣﺒﺪأ اﻻﺳﻘﺎء واﻻﺣﻤﺎء(‬
‫ﺮﻮﻳ ﻴ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺮﻣﻮدﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮاري‬
‫‪Simulated Annealing‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻮ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺒﻨﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺒﻨ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫‪Temperature‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﺘﻜﺮارات‬
‫)‪ (Physical Science‬وﺧﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﺎرآﻮف ‪L‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫)‪(Statistical Mechanics‬وﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺜﺮﻣﻮدﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ‬ ‫‪ Ti Start‬اﻻوﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ F‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮاري )‪ (Statistical Thermodynamic‬وﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬
‫‪Cooling‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪأ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﺸﻮاﺋﻲ )‪(Random Search‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺤﻠﻮل‬
‫‪parameters‬‬
‫اﻷآﺜﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫أﻳﻘﺎف‬
‫‪ Tf‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻲ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬ‬ ‫‪Stop‬‬ ‫‪Iterations‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎوﻻت اﻟﺘﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬
‫)‪1) Initialization Stage (Inputs‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﺪاﺋﻴﺔ )اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻼت(‬ ‫‪system‬‬ ‫‪Case I‬‬ ‫‪liquid‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﺪد اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت و ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻔﺔ ;‪Define the sessions & cost matrix‬‬
‫‪of‬‬ ‫‪state‬‬
‫;‪Set the initial starting T‬‬ ‫ﺤﺮارة اﻻ ﻟ ﺔ‬
‫اﻻوﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ا ة‬ ‫‪particles‬‬
‫;‪Set the T length (Markov Chain)L‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﺎرآﻮف‬ ‫‪High T‬‬
‫;)‪Set the cooling ratio, F (F<1‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫‪Slow‬‬ ‫‪Fast‬‬
‫;‪Set the finial Tf‬‬ ‫)‪(Cooling process‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪cooling‬‬ ‫‪cooling‬‬
‫;‪Set the iteration counter‬‬ ‫ﻻت اﻟﺘﻜ ا ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎوﻻت‬‫ﻋﺪاد اﻟ ﺎ‬‫‪ -‬ا‬ ‫)‪(frozen‬‬ ‫‪Case III‬‬
‫‪Determing initial solution.‬‬ ‫‪Case II‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﺒﺪاﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪state‬‬ ‫‪Amorphous‬‬
‫‪2) Acceptance Strategy‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ وﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬ ‫)‪(T=0‬‬ ‫‪solid‬‬
‫)‪Normal (Local Search‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﺎدﻳﺎ )اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ(‬
‫‪Exception‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪((e-Δ/T >θ set V=V’,‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮاري( ‪θ is a uniform random number 0<θ<1).‬‬‫ن اﻟ ا‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺎ )اﻟﻘﺎﻧﺎﻧﻮن‬
‫‪ -‬ا ﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋ ﺎ‬
‫‪3)Temperature Updating Stage‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
‫}…‪T(k+1) = F Tk, {k=0,1,2‬‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫‪Local minimum‬‬
‫)‪4) Termination Stage (Outputs‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻻﻳﻘﺎف‬
‫‪Global minimum‬‬
‫)اﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎت(‬
 ‫ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬

‫ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻤﺤﻈﻮر‬

‫‪T b S‬‬
‫‪Tabu‬‬ ‫‪Search‬‬‫‪h Algorithm‬‬
‫‪Al i h‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻠﻮل اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة اﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻞ اﻟﺬاآﺮة‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫وﻣﺒﺎدىء ﻋ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻜﺎر ﺒﺎدى‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻈﻮرر ﻋﻠ‬
‫ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟ ﺤﻈ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺧ ارز ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ واﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ‬
‫)‪.(General tenets of Intelligence problem solving‬‬
‫واﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﻴﺪﺪ اﻟﺘ‬
‫ﺷﺮوط اﻟﺘﻘ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻮارزﻣﻴﺔ ﺷ ط‬
‫هﺬﻩ اﻟﺨ ا ز ﺔ‬‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬ‬
‫ﺗ ﺘﺨﺪ‬
‫)‪ (Constraints and Release‬ﻻﺟﺘﻴﺎز ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ وﺣﺪود اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻈﻮرة‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮاد ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻧﻘﺎط ﻗﻮة وﺿﻌﻒ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ‬ ‫اﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺷﺤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻠﻮل اﻟ ﻜﻨﺔ‬
‫اﻓﻀﻞ اﻟ ﻠ ل‬
‫ﻋﻦ اﻓ ﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻲ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻤﺤﻈﻮر‬
‫)‪1) Initialization Stage (Inputs‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﺪاﺋﻴﺔ )اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻼت(‬
‫;‪Define the sessions & cost matrix‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻋﺪد اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت و ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫]‪Set Tabu List TL; [ U*U‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻈﻮرة‬
‫;‪Set Candidate List CL‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺷﺤﺔ‬
‫;;‪Set Tabu Tenure TT‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﺪة اﻟﺤﻈﺮ‬
‫;‪Set the iteration counter‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﺤﺎوﻻت اﻟﺘﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ ذو اﻟﺬاآﺮة‬
‫‪2) Selection Strategy‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ وﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻴﺮة اﻵﻣﺪ‬
‫‪3)T b Updating‬‬
‫‪3)Tabu‬‬ ‫‪U d ti St‬‬
‫‪Stage‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬

‫)‪4) Termination Stage (Outputs‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻻﻳﻘﺎف‬
‫)اﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎت(‬ ‫اﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ ذو اﻟﺬاآﺮة ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ اﻵﻣﺪ‬
 ‫اﻟﺨﻮارزﻣﻴﺎت اﻟﺠﻨﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
G ti Al
Genetic Algorithms
ith
Old Population

Chromosome Crossover

Selection

New Population Mutation

 ‫اﻟﺨﻮارزﻣﻴﺎت اﻟﺠﻨﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Genetic Algorithms‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎرﺛﺔ ووﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮهﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ر‬
‫ﻲ )‪ (Population‬ﻴ رﻳﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻨﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊﻊ ﺠ ﻴ‬
‫ﻴﻞ ﺠ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﻮاﺋﻴﺎ ﺑﺑﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻮم ﻮ ﻴ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺑﻲ ﻳﻳﻘﻮم‬
‫ﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮذج‬
‫ج‬ ‫ﻦ ﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻨﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺒ ر‬
‫اﻟﺨﻮارزﻣﻴﺎت ﺠ ﻴ ﻴ‬
‫ن ﻮ رز ﻴ‬ ‫أن‬
‫ﺛﻢ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺠﻨﻴﻨﻴﺔ )‪ (Genetic Operators‬ﻋﻠﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻟﺤﺬف اﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮ اﻻﺿﻌﻒ واﻹﺑﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ أﺧﻄﺮ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮهﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻤﻘﺪار ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﻮرة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻬﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺄﻗﻠﻢ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻜﻞ ﺳﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮ آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪INITIALIZATION‬‬
‫)‪Initialization Stage (Inputs‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﺪاﺋﻴﺔ وﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻼت‬
‫;‪Create the information matrix‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻻوﻟﻴﺔ )اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻼت(‬
‫;)‪Representation (Encoding the solution‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ وﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰ اﻟﻔﺎﻟﻖ‬
‫;‪Set fitness function‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﺄﻗﻠﻢ واﻟﺠﻮدة‬ ‫‪Population‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫‪EVALUATION‬‬
‫;‪Set the population size‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ )ﺧﺰان اﻟﺤﻠﻮل اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ(‬ ‫اﻟﻮراﺛﻲ‬
‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺟﻮدة ﻟاﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻘ‬ ‫‪Selection‬‬
‫;‪Set the selection operator‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر )اﻧﺘﻘﺎء أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﺤﻠﻮل (‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬
‫;‪Set the crossover operator‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ )اﻟﺘﺒﺎدل اﻟﺤﺎرﺟﻲ(‬
‫;‪Set the mutation operator‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻬﺠﻴﻦ )اﻟﺘﺒﺎدل اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ(‬ ‫‪EXPLOITATION‬‬ ‫‪Mating‬‬
‫;‪Set the iteration counter‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﺤﺎوﻻت اﻟﺘﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬ ‫”‪“Diversification‬‬
‫‪Diversification‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺰاوج‬
‫‪Generation & Acceptance Strategy‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ وﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫‪Crossover‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻻﻓﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
‫;‪Generate a random population‬‬ ‫‪ -‬إﻧﺸﺎء ﺧﺰان اﻟﺤﻠﻮل ﻋﺸﻮاﺋﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪Optimization‬‬
‫‪Evaluate the fitness‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺟﻮدة اﻟﺤﻠﻮل اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪Mutation‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻬﺠﻴﻦ‬
‫;‪Apply the diversification‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻊﻊ‬
‫ﻲ ﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻻﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺒ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫‪EXPLORATION‬‬
‫;‪Apply the intensification‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺸﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ‬ ‫”‪“Intensification‬‬ ‫‪Genetic‬‬
‫‪Repeat search processes‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻋﺎدة ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺸﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ‬ ‫‪Operators‬‬
‫)‪Termination Stage (Outputs‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻼت‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻻﻳﻘﺎف وﻧﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻨﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎوﻻت اﻟﺘﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‪The maximum number of iterations; .‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋ‬ ‫‪NO‬‬
‫;‪Declare the best design‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻻﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫‪Terminate‬‬
‫‪Stop.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻻﻳﻘﺎف‬
‫‪YES‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻲ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺨﻮارزﻣﻴﺎت اﻟﺠﻨﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
 ‫ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‬
‫‪Ant Colony Optimization‬‬

‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺒﺪأ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌ‬

‫ﻗﺼﻴﺮة اﻷﻣﺪ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎة ﻴﺮ‬‫دورة ﻴ‬
‫اﻟﺬاآﺮة ووذات ور‬
‫ﺮ‬ ‫وﻋﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻴﺎءء و ﻳ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻪ ﻴ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺔ ﺒ‬‫ﻞ آﺎﺋﻨﺎت ﻴ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮف اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻞ‬
‫وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎآﻨﻬﺎ وأﻣﺎآﻦ ﺗﻮاﺟﺪ اﻟﻐﺬاء‬

‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ ﻳﺴﻠﻚ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﻋﺸﻮاﺋﻴﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺎرات ‪ ,3 ,2 ,1‬و ‪ 4‬آﻮﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻠﻚ أﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟ ﺚ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﻼل ﻠ ﺎت‬
‫ﺘﺎ‬ ‫أﻓﺮاد‬
‫ﺑﻘﻴﺔ أﻓ اد‬
‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻘ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻄ ﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﻨ ﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺘ ا ﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻐﺬاء ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺎدة آﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ )‪ (Pheromone‬ﺗﻔﺮزهﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺸﻮاﺋﻲ ﻋﻦ أﻣﺎآﻦ وﺟﻮد اﻟﻐﺬاء‬
‫اﻟﺬي ﺗﺴﻠﻜﻪ‪ .‬ﺗﺘﺤﺴﺲ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ أﻓﺮاد ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮة اﻟﻨﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺮة ﻋﺸﻮاﺋﻴﺎ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ اآﺘﺸﻔﺖ‬
‫ﻠﺔ اﻟﺘ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎن وﺟﻮد اﻟﻨ‬
‫ﺬﻟﻚ إﻟإﻟﻰ ﻜﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎﺎ ﻟﺘ ﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎوي ﻠ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟ ﺎ‬
‫وﺗﺘﺒﻊ اﻟ ﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺘ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻲ أوﻻ‪.‬‬

‫آﻠﻤﺎ زاد ﺣﺠﻢﻢ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺮزة ﻋﻠﻰ هﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ازداد اﻧﺠﺬاب اﻟﻨﻤﻞ إﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫وهﺬا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن ﺣﺮآﺔ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ هﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺎر آﺒﻴﺮة وﻣﺘﺰاﻳﺪة آﻮﻧﻪ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫)اﻷﻗﺼﺮ واﻷﺳﻬﻞ( ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻜﻦ وﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻐﺬاء آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ‪3‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﻳﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ رﻗﻢ ‪ 3‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻐﺬاء واﻟﻤﺴﻜﻦ‬
 ‫‪Artificial ants will have some memory, not‬‬
‫ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪be completely blind, and will live in an‬‬
‫‪environment where time is discrete‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﺘﺎهﻴﺮوﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺼﻔﺘﻲ اﻟاﻟﺮؤﻳﺎﺎ‬
‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺪأ اﻟ ﺎ‬
‫وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠ أ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻘﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟ ﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Ant Colony Optimization‬‬ ‫واﻟﺬاآﺮة و اﻣﺘﻼك دورة ﺣﻴﺎة أﻃﻮل ﻹﻳﺠﺎد أﻓﻀﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬

‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ااﻟﻨﻤﻞﻞ‬
‫ﻲ ﻟﻌﻤﻞﻞ ﺠ ﻮ‬
‫اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺪأأ اﻻ‬
‫ا ﺒ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻲ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
‫)‪Initialization Stage (Inputs‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﺪاﺋﻴﺔ وﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻼت‬ ‫)اﻟﺮؤﻳﺎ(‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫‪D fi the‬‬
‫‪Define‬‬ ‫‪h sessions‬‬
‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪to be‬‬
‫;‪b observed‬‬
‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺰ ﻨ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻋﺪد اﻟﻘ ﺎ ﺎت‬ ‫)اﻟﺬاآﺮة(‬
‫;‪Create the cost matrix‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫;‪Set the number of ants‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻞ‬
‫;‪Set the control parameters‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫‪S t the‬‬
‫‪Set‬‬ ‫‪th initial‬‬
‫;‪i iti l pheromone‬‬
‫‪h‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة اﻟﻜ ﺎﺋ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻻوﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠ ﺎ ة‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻻ ﻟ ﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﻘ ﺔ‬
‫;‪Set a tabu list for each ant‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻈﻮرة ﻟﻌﻤﻞ آﻞ ﻧﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫;‪Set the iteration counter‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﺤﺎوﻻت اﻟﺘﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬
‫‪Construction & Selection Strategy‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ إﻧﺸﺎء وﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫‪B ild up the‬‬
‫‪Build‬‬ ‫‪th best‬‬
‫‪b t possible‬‬
‫;‪ibl design‬‬
‫‪d i‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎء أﻓﻀﻞ ﺗ ﻴ‬ ‫‪ -‬إﻧﺸﺎ‬
‫;‪Select the next potential session‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻟﻠﺮﺻﺪ‬
‫;‪Add the observed sessions to the tabu list‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺮﺻﻮد اﻟﻰ‬
‫‪Empty the tabu list when the design‬‬ ‫اﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻈﻮرة اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻧﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫‪i completed.‬‬
‫‪is‬‬ ‫‪l t d‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫اﻳﺠﺎد اﻟﺘ ﻴ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻳ ﺎد‬
‫اﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔﺔ ﺑ ﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻎ اﻟﻼﺋ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻔ‬ ‫اﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ‬
‫‪Pheromone Updating Stage‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻈﻮرة‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬
‫‪Apply pheromone updating rules.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Update the iteration counter‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﺤﺎوﻻت اﻟﺘﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪T‬‬
‫‪Termination‬‬
‫‪i ti Stage‬‬‫‪St‬‬ ‫) ‪(O t t‬‬
‫)‪(Outputs‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎت‬
‫وﻧﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟ ﺨ ﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻳﻘﺎف ﻧ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻻ ﻘﺎف‬
‫ﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﺨﺎص‬
‫;‪The maximum number of iterations‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎوﻻت اﻟﺘﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻜﻞ ﻧﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
‫;‪Declare the best design‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻻﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻻﺋﺤﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺤﻈﻮرة‬
‫‪Stop.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻻﻳﻘﺎف‬
 ‫‪Structure‬‬
‫‪Uppermost Point‬‬
‫أﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ‬

‫اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ اﻟﺤﺎدث ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ واﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ أﺳﻔﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ اﻻﻓﻘﻲ اﻟﺤﺎدث ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ واﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ أﺳﻔﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﻟﺰﻟﺰال )‪Adina‬‬
‫‪(Adi‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘ ﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﻟﺰﻟﺰال )‪Adina‬‬
‫‪(Adi‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘ ﺔ‬
‫‪Rigid Structure‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺟﺎﺳﺊ‬
‫‪In the Free Field‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ‬

‫‪Stiff Soil‬‬
‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪةة اﻟﺘ ﺎ ﻚ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻤﺎﺳﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺮﺑﺔﺔ ﺷ‬ ‫‪Just under Foundations‬‬
‫أﺳﻔﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬

‫‪Stiff Soil‬‬ ‫‪Soft layer, variable depth‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﺑﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺘﻤﺎﺳﻚ‬
‫‪Bedrock Movement‬‬
‫ﺣﺮآﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺨﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪Repeatable side boundaries‬‬
‫ﺣﺪود ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺮرة‬
‫‪Database‬‬
‫‪ - Earthquake‬ﺣﺮآﺔ اﻟﺰﻟﺰال‬
‫‪q‬‬ ‫‪Movement‬‬ ‫‪“Not easy to ‬‬
‫‪y‬‬
‫”‪interpret‬‬

‫]‪[1‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ وﺟﻮد ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺗﺮﺑﺔ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺄت‬
‫اﺟﺮاء اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬
AMD-1
AMD-22
AMD S
Sensor

Control
C t l
computer

Sensor

Sensor
‫اﺟﺮاء اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬