EVELYN HONE COLLEGE

SCHOOL OF APPLIED HEALTH SCIENCES

NAME : DAVID MUMBA

STUDENT NO. : 18902050

NRC : 244367/10/1

PROGRAM : SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

COURSE : BIOLOGY THEORY

LECTURER : MRS DAKA

TASK : PRODUCTION OF INSULIN BY rDNA

DUE DATE : 17TH AUGUST 2020

Introduction

Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas

which regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. People who do not produce the
necessary amount of insulin have diabetes mellitus.

Chemically insulin is a small and simple protein consist of 51 amino acids, 30

polypeptide chain B and 21 amino acids construct polypeptide chain A and both chains
linked by disulfide bond

Insulin production by rDNA

 The first human gene is isolated. The mRNA is taken from the cell of islet of
Langerhans. Messenger RNA is a molecule that encodes a chemical blueprint for
a protein product, the isolated gene contains the code of the DNA for the
production of insulin
 The plasmid DNA of the bacterial cell (Escherichia coli) is taken out of the cell
producing a plasmid ring which is an empty segment of the DNA.
 A restriction enzyme is an enzyme that cuts DNA at specific nucleotide
sequences known as restriction sites.
 A segment of DNA known as sticky ends.
 With the plasmid ring open the gene obtained from the human cell that contains
the code of protein responsible for the production of insulin is inserted into the
plasmid ring and the ring is closed. The human insulin gene is now combined
with the bacterial DNA plasmid
 The resulting DNA is then inserted back to bacteria, the cells need nutrients in
order to grow, divide, and live. While they live, the bacterial cell processes turn
on the gene for human insulin and the insulin is produced in the cell. When the
bacterial cells reproduce by dividing, the human insulin gene is also reproduced
in the newly created cells.
References

T.A. BROWN; GENE CLONING AND DNA ANALYSIS sixth edition published by
Blackwell publishing ltd, 2010,2006 by T.A. Brown

Hmge. Human insulin from second generation genetic engineering, Novo. Insulin,
Grolier Electronic Publishing Inc, 1992; 234-237.

Glick, Bernard R. molecular biotechnology: principles and applications of recombinant

DNA/ Bernard R. Glick, Jack J. Pasternak, and Cheryl L. patten. 4 th edition