CORROSION

1.Elecrolite is elecritaly conductive liquide.

2. Ion is electricaly charged atom.
3.Galvanic series in seawater ranking of elec. condutive material in accordance to their tendensy
to corrode.
4.Anoda is – electrode
5.Cathoda is + electrode
6. Type of corr. :gener., pitting, stress, cervice,erosion,galvanic, selective
7.Stress cracking corr. –static tensile stress in specific enviorment.
8.Corr. necessary is humidity, oxygen
9. Galvanic corr. is electrical and electrolytic contact.
10. Corrsion can control: prevent acsses of water, acces of oxygen, to control ambiente conditions,to
preven ions to move,to prevent electron releas from metal.
11. Corrosion rate is measured mic./year: c1,c2,c3,c4,c5, M(Im1-FW,Im2-SW,Im3-soil) Industry
12.Cathodic protection is making the protected steel cathodic

PAINT
1. Viscosity is resistent against shere movmen in liquid.
2. Functionality of paint for creating 3-D network; at least 3 reactive groups+2 reactive groups;
means No. off rective groups in chemically rective paint.
3. Vol. Solid amount of non-volative part in paint.
4. DIN Cup No. 4 used for viscosity measurment.
5.Flash point is min.temp. at wich liquid eliberates suficient amount of vapour that makes mixure
with oxygen and when ignited makes small flesh but not catch the fire.
6. Dispersion- distribution of solid particles in liquid.
7. Emulsion dispersion of liquid in liquid.
9.Wetting is paint propertie to penetrate into the surface profile,liquid part must surround every
solid particles in paint
8.Generic type common denominator for group of paints suchalkyd,... determinated by binder.
11.Barrier efect – corrosion protection by prevent accsess of wather and oxygen to the substrate.
12.Inhibitive efect is prevent ions to move.
13.Galvanic effeci is preventing metal to release electrons.
14. Min. Temp.aplic. for water born +5 C
15.Epoxy is fully cured acc. To product data sheet.
16. Solvent borne zinc silicate is MEK TEST, ASTM 4752
17. Classification of paints to drying/curing mechanism: oxydatively curing,chemicaly
curing,phiscally drying
18. DURABILITY is expective lifetime of protective paint system before 1st. major maintenance work

SOLVENTS:
Plain hydrocarbons (aliphatyc-white spirit-alkyd,acryl, aromatic-benzene,tuoulene,xylene-CR,vinyl)
Oxygenated hydrocarbons (alchohol-zn silicat, ester-epoxy,PU,ether-epoxy,ketone-epoxy,vynil,)

SURFACE PREPARATION:
LAMINATION IS ASURFACE FAILURE CAUSED BY HOT ROLLING.
UNDERCUT(WELD) IS A DEFECT CAUSED BY INSSUFICIENT WELDING TECHNIC
AML IS A LINE WICH DEFINES ALL THE AREAS ABOVE AND BELOW THE MEAN LINE
Ra IS ARYTHMETICAL ROUGHNESS
Ry IS DISTANCE BETWEEN MAX PEAK AND LOWEST VALLEY ON SAMPLE LENGHT
Ry5 IS AVERAGE OF Ry ON FIVE ADJOINING REFERENT LENGHTS
Rz REPRESENT TEN POINT HEIGHTS OF IRREGULARITIES ON ONE SAMPLE LENGHT
THE MAIN GROUP OF ABRASIVES ARE METALIC, NON-METALIC AND OTHERS
ACC. TO SHAPE (ROUND-SHOT, ANGULAR-GRIT, CYLINDRICAL-CUT WIRE)
RUST GRADES A-MILLSCALE & SLIGHT RUST IF ANY
B-MILLSCALE STARTED TO FLAKE & RUST OCCURED
C-MILLSCALE RUSTED AWAY;SLIGHT PITS VISSIBLE
D-GENERAL CORROSION;GENERAL DEEP PITTING
COMPARATOR IS INSTRUMENT FOR VISUAL DETERMINNATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS - ISO
8503(Rz)
CONTAMINANT IS A DEPOSIT ON THE SURFACE WHICH CAN CAUSE PAINT DEFECTS
TYPES OF NON-METALIC ABRASIVES;CORUNDUM,SILICA SAND,GARNET,COPPER SLAG,OLIVINE
DENSITY IS A NUMBER OF PEAKS ABOVE AML PER UNIT LENGHT; PEAKS EXCEEDING CHOSEN MIN.
ANCHOR PATTERN IS SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND SHAPE CREATED TO INSURE BETTER ADHESION OF
PAINT

AMBIENT CONDITIONS:
WETNESS is a period of time when the RH is above 80% and the air temp. above 0 ̊C
ENVIORMENT TEMP IS TEMP. OF THE WORKING ENVIORMENT (ARROUND THE SURFACE)
DEW POINT IS TEMP. AT WICH THE AIR WILL CONDENSE ON THE SOLID SURFACE
RH IS RATIO BETWEEN ACTUAL CONTENT OF WATER VAPOUR IN THE AIR AND MAX COTENT OF
WATER VAPOUR AT THE GIVEN TEMP.
GENERAL ACC. RULE FOR SURFACE TEMP.& RH IS 3 DEGREES ABOVE DEW POINT TEMP.

PAINT APPLICATION:
INDUCTION TIME is min. time at given temp. necessary to allow pre-reaction of the components for
optimum film formation.
POT LIFE IS A PERIOD OF TIME DUE TO MIXTURE OF PAINT IS APLYCATIBLE AT GIVEN TEMP.
PUMP RATIO - ratio between the area of air piston and area of paint piston.
MIST COAT- higly dilueted thin coat applied from the longer distance in accordance to exstract air
moisture from porous surface.
FLASH COAT-swiftly applied mist coat.
STRIPE COAT- supllementary coat applied to ensure adequate protection of critical areas(welds,cut
outs edges,corners).
THE DISADVANTAGE OF USING ROLLER IN FIRST COAT APPLICATION-poor penetration(wetting)
PENETRATION-ability of paint to penetrate into the surface.
HOW IS PAINT ATOMIZED IN CONVENCIONAL SPRAY GUN-by using compressed air.
HOW IS PAINT ATOMIZED IN AN AIRLESS GUN-high pressured liquid through nozzle orifice.

CALCULATION:
SPREADING RATE-volume solids divaded by DFT.
DEAD VOLUME-volume of dry paiint needed to fulfill valleya up to higest peak.
MEANT BY LOSS OR WASTE-ratio between applied amount painton the surface and total amount of
paint.
THE RATIO BETWEEN PRATCICAL AND THEORETICAL CONSUMPTION CALLED-consumption factor.
THE RATIO BETWEEN PRATCICAL AND THEORETICAL SPREADING RATE CALLED-loss factor.

COATING DEFECT/FAILURES:
SAPONIFICATION- reaction of vegetable oils in alkaline enviroment
FINGERINGS- application defect caused by impropre application tehnics
AMINE SWEATING-reaction of free amine sweating and water on top of the paint.
POPPING-paint defect caused by application paint on the porous surface
OSMOTIC BLISTERING-phisical process of making equlibrum between two areas with different salt
concetration..
METALIC COATINGS
Hot dip galvanizing (wet &dry), (killed-200, non-killed-70-100) is process of metallization by diping
the metal in a molten Zinc
High flame spraying (Al.Zn)(2000-3000), electrical arc spraying (5000-7000)(Al.Zn), plasma spraying
(10000-25000)
Electro deposition, very thin layer Zn,CR,Ni

FOULING and ANTIFOULING

Fouling is settlement of marine organisms on man-made structures
Types of antifouling. Polishing and self-polishing(releasing biocides thrue degradation of surface
between top of paint&surface-Hydrolizes) - fouling release (phisical mechanism-low surf.tension)
Types of fouling plant(green, red,brown algae), Animal(barnacles, tube worms)

QMA,QC,SPECIFICATION,PROCEDURE
Quality Management Assurance is a detail description of flow, processing, control of materials and
or informations within each department of an organization.
QC…Part of QMA which ensures the input, processing and output quality.
Quality is what have been required,defined in specification
Specification…is a document defining the required outcome of a given job and what to do in order to
achieve this.
Procedure…is a detailed des riptio of ho to perfor spe ifi operatio s
Standard…is a defi itio , or or pro edure for al ost e er thi g i this orld ade an
authority to provide a common reference
Au,C,Pt,Ti,Ag,SS-passive,Cu-Ni,Bronze,Cu,Millscale,SS-active,Iron steel,Al-passive,Zn,Al-active,Mg

INSPECTION
Dutyes of inscpectors are general knowlege of what, how and why:
types & causes &areas of defects& costs remedials, evaluation of generic paint types, job planing,
documentation, comunitation&analitical skills with practical experience
Daily log: information and all data on the object surface prep.& paint app., work location,
equipment, reference to spec.&procedures
Documentation – progress, meeting, final, condition, non confirmitive, based upon daily log
The maximum recommended dft for use of low voltage detector 500mic
The possible paint classification if the film is dissolved by -Xylen-MEK.
Physically,oxidatively,chemically
Cohesive failure…i ter al reakdo of the pai t
Adhesion failure…is a failure et ee su strate a d pai t a d pai t a d pai t
Which roughness parameter is measured when using
Repli a tape…RY
Needle gauge…RY
Rugotest No. …Ra
Co parator… R
X-cut(ASTM-D 3359)…. Method B; elo i …Method A; a o e i … …..
ISO- 2409 cross cut: below 125mic - 2mm spacing; 125-250mic - 3mm spacing;…a o e -X-cut

PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION

Active (equipmen: sprinkling, foam, alarm,..)
Passive coatings wich are inflamamble and wich insulates structural mambers and secure escape
routes by retarding the spread of fire for a predictable period of time.
H- hydrocarbon fire ̊ No flame nor smoke behind steel division , , i ∆Ta g ≤ ̊C,
∆T a ≤ ̊C , npr.: H-120
B – celulose fire - i ̊C, hour ̊ C No flame nor smoke in unexposed area , , i
∆Ta g ≤ ̊C, ∆T a ≤ ̊C on unexposed wall, npr.: B-30
A – celulose fire - i ̊C, hour ̊ C) No flame nor smoke in unexposed area , . ,
i ∆Ta g ≤ ̊C, ∆T a ≤ ̊C A-60 on unexposed wall.
ORGANIC coatings (intumescent-expanding, ablative-peels off, sublimating- solid to gas) 6-20mm
INORGANIC coatings (portland cement-bound up water will evaporate)DFT 20-40mm
FIRE CLASSES: No flame nor smoke in unexposed are at given time ∆Ta g ≤ ̊C, ∆T a ≤ ̊C
on unexposed wall.

PRIMERS
Organic zinc- rich paints (epoxy & PVB ) binder
Inorganic zinc – rich paints (zinc-ethyl silicate & zinc-alkali silicate)
Blast (organic)prime(30-50 mic)primer used for short protection of blasted steel during construction
Holding (organic) primer (30-50 mic)primer used to prolong lifetime of old shopprimer

SHOPPRIMERS
Temporary protection during storage and fabrication
Iron-oxyde shopprimer-epoxy PVB binder, up to 6 month, DFT 15-20 mic (smooth plate
Zinc –rich shopprimer – epoxy or ethyl silicate binder, DFT 15-25 mic (smooth plate)
Wash (etch) primer – PVB binder + alcochol&H3PO4 CA, 5-10 mic
Pigments…) , FeO, )i phosphate

CONCRETE is composite material wich consist of binding medium (cement) &CA(water) in reaction
wich is called Hydration. Water/cement – ratio 1/2
High compresive strenght (15-40 Mpa), low tensile strenght ( –2Mpa), alkaline enviorment, porous
DEFECTS: Bugholles-formed due entropted air bubbles during settlement,Cracks
CONTAMINANTS: Laitance-loose cement and fine aggregates due to vibrations, form oils,
eflorescence-white crystaline deposits on the surfac usually along cracks (1-leaching calcium
hydroxide out of concrete by water reaction, 2-rection with carbon dioxide in the air forming a
carbonate salt)
Carbonization (deterioration) reaction between CO2 from the air & alkaline compounds in concrete,
Ph is reduced (12-13 to 9); due to corrosion of rebar deterioration occured
Fully cured after 28 days;moisture content 4%

HEALTH AND SAFETY

HAZARD(exposure itself)at worksite during surf. prep.& paint app. (dust 10mic.SiO2, noise 93db,stry
particles, paint material-toxic(amines,isocyanates,Zinc,lead)-cancerogenic(tar,bitumen,chromium),
solvents)-RISK(how it may affect health-dust/runing eyes, cuoghin, itching skin,allergy-solvents/brain
and nervous system,respiratory system,liver,kidney,reproductive), SAFETY(prvention-filter/air feed
respiratory mask, googgles,encover all,gloves,protective cream)
TLV treshold limit values; max concentration of solvent allowed in working enviorment without
harming persons
LEL lower exp. limit; lower concentration of fuel in the air wich when ignited will caused explosion
UEL upper...
Ventilation rate defines volume of air per time of ventilation or air shift/time