Q.no 1) Biodiversity of Bihar.

Ans. – Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the third-largest state by population and twelfth largest by
territory, with an area of 94,163 km 2 (36,357 sq. mi). It is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west,
Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, and with Jharkhand to the south. The
Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges, which flows from west to east due to which it has a large
variety of flora and fauna found here.
Bihar has reserved forest area of 6,845 km2 (2,643 sq. mi), which is 7.27% of its geographical area.
The sub-Himalayan foothill of Someshwar and the Dun ranges in the Champaran district have belts of
moist deciduous forests, mixed with shrubs, grass and reeds. High rainfall (above 1,600 mm)
promotes forests of Sal (Shorea robusta) in these areas. Other important trees are Sal Cedrela Toona,
Khair, and Semal. Deciduous forests also occur in the Saharsa and Purnia districts, with common trees
including Shorea robusta (sal), Diospyros melanoxylon (kendu), Boswellia serrata (salai), Terminalia
tomentose (asan), Terminalia bellerica (bahera), Terminalia Arjuna (arjun), Pterocarpus marsupium
(paisar), and Madhuca indica (mahua).
Valmiki National Park covers about 800 km 2 (309 sq. mi) of forest and is the 18 th Tiger Reserve of
India, ranked fourth in terms of density of tiger population. It has a diverse landscape and biodiversity
in addition to sheltering the protected carnivores. Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary in
Bhagalpur region is a reserve for the endangered South Asian river dolphin. Karkatgarh Waterfall on
Karmanasa River is a natural habitat of crocodiles. In 2016, the government of Bihar has accepted the
proposal of the forest authorities to turn the place into a Crocodile Conservation Reserve. Other
notable wildlife sanctuaries include Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary and
Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary.
Name of National Parks, Year of Notification and Total Area is as follows…
S. No. Name of National Park Year of Notification Total Area(km²)
1 Valmiki National Park 1989 335.65
List of Wildlife Sanctuaries in Bihar. How many. Total number of Sanctuary in Bihar is Twelve.
Name of Sanctuary, Year of Notification and Total Area is as follows…
S. No. Name of Wildlife Sanctuary Year of Notification Total Area(km²)
1 Barela Jheel Salim Ali Bird Wildlife Sanctuary 1997 1.96
2 Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary 1976 681.99
3 Gautam Budha Wildlife Sanctuary 1976 138.34
4 Kanwarjheel Wildlife Sanctuary 1989 63.11
5 Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary 1992 1342
6 Kusheshwar Asthan Bird Wildlife Sanctuary 1994 29.17
7 Nagi Dam Wildlife Sanctuary 1987 1.92
8 Nakti Dam Wildlife Sanctuary 1987 3.33
9 Pant (Rajgir) Wildlife Sanctuary 1978 35.84
10 Udaipur Wildlife Sanctuary 1978 8.87
11 Valmiki Wildlife Sanctuary 1978 545.15
12 Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Wildlife Sanctuary 1990 50
 Other species in Bihar include leopard, bear, hyena, bison, chital and barking deer. Crocodiles
(including muggers) and Gangetic turtles can be found in the river systems. Many varieties of local
and migratory bird species can be seen in natural wetlands of Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary, Baraila
lake, Kusheshwar Nath Lake, Udaypur lake. Nagi Dam and Nakti Dam have been declared as bird
sanctuaries.

Fig. - Forests of Sal (Shorea robusta) Fig. - Bauhinia variegata

Q.no 2) Waste management practices follows in your locality

Ans: – In my locality several methods are used foe management of waste follows which are
according to their types:
1. Recycling
2. Animal Feeding
3. Composting
4. Land filling
5. Combustion

 Recycling:
Among all these methods of waste, management recycling us the best method as it is the
process of converting waste into useful things or resources, and it can be modified in making
different things or can be a resource to new products. Recycling is the reusing of things that
are scrapped of. It reduces the amount of waste put into waste collection centre to landfills
and incinerators. Also increases economic security by tapping a domestic source of materials.

 Landfills:
It is one of the most common methods for waste management. In this method, waste from the
whole city is collected by garbage collecting vehicles by going from door to door. After the
collection of all the waste from the city then all the waste in then waste is transported out of
city, where large pits are dug in ground. The garbage gets buried in large pits and then
covered by layers of mud. As a result, the waste gets decomposed inside over the years.
Landfills are very convenient to use. They are helpful in keeping localities, towns and cities
clean.
 Animal Feeding:
In my locality near the vegetables shop, their an NGO whose wore lot to collect all the leaves
and remains of vegetables or rotten vegetables and they used to feed all the animals. As this is
very good for environment and it reduces the cost for buying the food or fodder for the
animals. Not only vegetable shops but peoples in my locality also collects the kitchen waste
separately and give it to that NGO.

 Composting:
Composting is the technique by which raw materials or biodegradable waste is converted into
organic matters. Compost is organic material that can be added to soil to help plants grow.
Food scraps and yard waste together currently make up more than 30% of what we throw
away and should be composted instead. Making compost keeps these materials out of landfills
where they take up space and release methane, a potent greenhouse gas.

 Combustion:
Waste combustion can be a viable disposal technique for many waste streams because it can
destroy hazardous pathogens and can reduce mass and volume. The waste stream that are
commonly burned in my locality include refuse from the clean-up of abandoned landfill sites,
sludges from municipal sewage treatment, medical and infectious waste. Burning of waste is
useful of it done in proper way, though it is source of greenhouse gas emission.