Norbulingka Institute

Norbulingka Institute
Site
Approach
Approach to the building is the first phase of
circulation system.[ CITATION Fra07 \l 16393 ]
Approach to the site is oblique (at an angle).

[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
The path can be redirected one or more times to

delay and prolong the sequence of the approach.
An oblique approach enhances the effect of
perspective on a building’s front façade and form. [
CITATION Fra07 \l 16393 ]
Location
Oblique approach [ CITATION aut20
The most precious pieces of art and architecture \l 16393 ]
have been found in the deepest crevices of the
earth, Norbulingka Institute being one, neatly
tucked into the folds of the Dhauladhars, in the
local district of Kangra. The high road to
Norbulingka from New Delhi is a scenic byway,
passing through classic landscapes of all times..
[ CITATION wor14 \l 16393 ]
PO Sidhpur Near Dharamshala 176057 Dist.
Kangra, HP India.[ CITATION Lha15 \l 16393 ]
[CITATION
Lha15 \l
Onsite and Offsite Features
Onsite features:Norbulingka is dedicated to the
preservation of tibet language and cultural
heritage. The institute contains the centre for arts,
the academy of tibetan culture, the literary and
cultural research centre and the library and
publications department.[ CITATION wor14 \l
16393 ]
Landscape area [ CITATION Pas16
\l 16393 ]
Offsite features: The site of the Norbulingka is
surrounded by leeward scrub vegetation, the
expansive Himalayan River banks, dense deodar
and pine forests, light green corn and paddy fields,
tiny villages nestled along the sinewy slopes, lush
green tea gardens and serene lakes.[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Doll museum and art workshop [ CITATION
Ram19 \l 16393 ]
Entrance Typology
Entrance to the structure is through a staircase.
The entrance gateway has a symmetrical balance
and the primary colour blend perfectly with the
stone façade. Combination of many religious
symbols can be seen on the entrance gate which is
hand crafted and hand painted.[ CITATION Aut20 \l
16393 ]
[ CITATION
Aut20 \l
Configuration of path
Configuration of path is curvilinear and when a
building is approached at an extreme angle, its
entrance can project beyond its facade to be more
clearly visible.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Path and space relationship

This path-space relationship is used to approach (Author, 2020)
and enter functionally or symbolically important
spaces. [ CITATION Fra07 \l 16393 ]
Path-space relationship of the building is pass by
spaces that shows the integrity of each space is
maintained, the configuration of the path is
flexible and mediating spaces can be used to link
the path with the spaces.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Pass by spaces(Ching, 2007)
Form of circulation space (Author, 2020)
Form of circulation space varies with the change

in level by stairs and bridges.
The circulation space is open on both sides

forming a passageway that becomes a physical
extension of the space it passes through. Within
the institute the path is random, without form or
defination and is determined by the activities and
arrangement of furnishings within the space.
Open on both sides(Author, 2020)
centralized organization, but it lacks the latter’s
compactness and geometrical regularity. [ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
[ CITATION
Proportion and scale

The proportion and scale of the site can be taken
in accordance to visual scale. We assume the scale
as to how we perceive it.
E.g.: through the size and proportion of windows
in building facade, how they are visually related to
one another as well as to spaces between them and
overall dimensions of facade.
The proportion is taken in accordance to (Pasahan, 2016)
anthropometry (measurements of the size and
proportions of human body) and human scale.
Mass and space relationship

In comparison to the built up mass there is
sufficient open space at the site and no structure
hinder the space of the other. The basic idea to
avoid any disturbance in the natural light and
entrance pathway is fulfilled.[ CITATION Aut20 \l [ CITATION
16393 ] Pas16 \l 16393 ]
Zoning
The site is irregular in shape with sufficient open
space. Zoning is done such that the path run by the
spaces (guest house, Norbulingka craft centre, doll
museum and administration) leading to the seat of
happiness temple at the end.[ CITATION Aut20 \l
16393 ]
Spatial Organisation
Site has clustered organisation. The spaces are [ CITATION
clustered about a large defined field or volume of Aut20 \l 16393 ]
space. This pattern is similar to that of a
Building Level interlocking portion of their volumes.[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Threshold
Seat of happiness is built on elevated, sunny sites
facing the south. Entrance to the site is through
steps that lead to an open verandah which is
slightly projected. Red painted pillars in shape of
mandalas carved with religious symbols mark the
entrance way which adds to the aesthetic of the
structure. [ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ] [ CITATION
Aut20 \l
Plan Shape and Form

Shape refers to the characteristic outline of a plane
figure or the surface configuration of a volumetric
form.[ CITATION Fra07 \l 16393 ]
Plan of the building is culmination of various

shapes which includes squares, rectangle and
(Ching,
circle.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ] It has clustered 2007)
form in which shapes interlock their volumes and [ CITATION
merge into a single having variety of faces. Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Form type
A form is transformed by the addition of

elementsto its volume. [ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
The nature of the additive process and thenumber
and relative sizes of the elements being
attacheddetermine whether the identity of the
initial form isaltered or retained.[ CITATION Fra07 \l
16393 ]
The form is additive in nature, because of the
additional element to the structure and is also
centralised.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ] (Ching,
Form is transformed by relating or physically 2007) (Author, 2020)
attaching one or more subordinate form to its
volume.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Building Geometry
When two forms differing in geometry or
orientation collide and interpenetrate each other’s
boundaries, each will view for visual supremacy
and dominance. In this situationtwo forms retain (Ching,
their individual identities and share the 2007)
Zoning and Circulation
Circulation
Walls
Private spaces
Semi-public spaces
Form and space
The building has a clustered form which is
additive in nature. Form depicts that the space
within the building is not more or less. There is
sufficient space. There is no illusion in form and
space. So, the form of the building defines the
space.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
[ CITATION Fra07 \l 16393 ]
Plans and various levels
Second Floor Plan

Ground Floor Plan
The ground plan is based on the proportions of
Avalokitesvara, the thousand-armed god of
compassion, with the temple as the head. The plan
is approached by a foyer marked by red painted
pillars. To the left of the foyer is the washroom
and to its right is the staircase that leads to the
mezzanine floor which further leads to the first
floor through a spiral staircase.2 meters door is
placed centrally. The door leads to a double height
prayer hall. Stupa is placed on a platform of height
1.4 m. doglegged staircase is approached through
a platform.
The walls of the structure are 2 brick thick which (sidhu, 2010)
completely makes it a load bearing structure. It
also consists of curved walls.[ CITATION Aut20 \l
16393 ]
First Floor Plan

The spiral staircase leads to stair hall which
connects to the prayer hall. The inner corridor of
the first floor is recessed through the prayer area.
The library, prayer area along with the inner
courtyard and the stair hall are interconnected.
The windows of the outer wall of prayer area are
projected and are covered with yellow painted
(sidhu, 2010)
wooden jaalis.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
The second floor is roughly divided into 2 blocks. Daylighting inside Tibetan architecture is
achieved by means of doors, windows, patios, and
First block consists of exhibition room, workshop corridors.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
and office which are accessed through the rear
Types of areas Area (sqm.)
Wall area 65sqm
Floor area 410sqm Shade and Shadow
Circulation 76sqm Chajjas above the windows acts as a shading

device.Huge Celtis tetrandras act as a canopy to
this open space and provides shade to the
staircase.
building. [ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Second block consists of the reading area and
terrace.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Wall to floor ratio
The wall to floor ratio of a building = external wall area /
[ CITATION
Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Third Floor Plan 19% 18%
The staircases lead to the terraces. Wall area

Floor area
Circulation
The terraces through steps further leads to a 63%
centrally placed room located on the second floor.[

CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
internal floor area.
Light and ventilation Ground floor plan
A
Types of areas Area (sqm.) slightly
Wall area 73sqm

Floor area 252sqm
Circulation 70sqm
Wall floor ratio: 0.15[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
projected row of windows is placed centrally on
the first floor. The windows are decorated with First Floor Plan
ladder shaped black frame which means "ox
horn" and is said to bring good luck to people.
Some say black absorbs the sunlight, but others
say it repels evil spirits.
[ CITATION Aut20
\l 16393 ]
16% 18%
Wall area
Floor area
Circulation
65%
Second floor plan [ CITATION Aut20

\l 16393 ]
Wall area 85sqm
Floor area 305sqm
Circulation 153sqm
Wall floor ratio: 0.14[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ] [ CITATION Aut20

\l 16393 ]
11%
21%
Wall area
Floor area
Circulation
68%
Third floor plan

Wall area 40sqm
Floor area 245sqm
Circulation 190sqm
14% 12% [ CITATION Aut20

\l 16393 ]
Wall area
Floor area
Circulation
74%
Window floor ratio Types of areas Area (sqm.)
The window-to-floor ratio of a building =Total glazing area Wall area 85sqm
/ total floor area
Floor area 305sqm
Ground floor plan
Types of areas Area (sqm.) Window area 32sqm
Wall area 65sqm Window floor ratio: 0.10[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
[ CITATION Aut20
Floor area 410sqm \l 16393 ]
6% 13%
Window area 19.06sqm

Wall area
Floor area
Window area
81%
6%
21%
Wall area
Floor area
Window area
73%
Third floor plan
Wall area 40sqm

Window floor ratio: 0.13[ CITATION Aut20 \l
Floor area 245sqm
16393 ]
Window area 28sqm
First Floor Plan
Window floor ratio: 0.11[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
[ CITATION Aut20
Wall area 73sqm \l 16393 ]
Floor area 252sqm
Window area 34.38sqm 4% 13%
Window floor ratio: 0.13[ CITATION Aut20 \l

Wall area
[ CITATION Aut20 Floor area
Circulation
16393 ] \l 16393
83% ]
5%
21%
Wall area
Floor area
Window area
75%
[ CITATION Aut20
\l 16393 ]
Second floor plan

Views
Views seen through the openings become part of
the spatial experience.[ CITATION Fra07 \l 16393 ]
The inner courtyard on the first floor provides an

aesthetically appealing view of the 14 feet tall
Buddha statue.The terraces provide a view of the
lush green spaces that surround the building.
Z-Analysis
Facade Treatment
The façade of the building is symmetrical in Front elevation (sidhu, 2010)
nature which shows its balanced form and makes
it stable and adds to the aesthetics of the façade.
The top-down decoration of the lintel of the
entrance gate consists of five layers at a time, such
as lion’s head, beam panel, jump beam, rafters and
so on.
The windows are decorated with ladder shaped
black frame which means "ox horn" and is said to
bring good luck to people.
Crossed pattern iron railing can be seen in the
façade of the building. The façade has exposed
brick parapet with decorative eaves.
The building facade is made in stone.
The blend of primary colors with stone façade
makes it aesthetically pleasing.[ CITATION Aut20 \l Side elevation [ CITATION Jas10
16393 ]
Architectural Expression
Transformation
Design is a generative process of analysis and
synthesis, of trial and error, of trying out
possibilities and seizing opportunities.[ CITATION
Fra07 \l 16393 ]Building is designed by addition of
block to get the design concept which adds to the
volume of the structure.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ] (Author,
2020)
Balance
The façade of the building is symmetrical in
nature which shows its balanced form and makes
it stable and adds to the aesthetics of the façade.
Rhythm
Continuity is maintained as there is flow in
repetition of windows on the first floor.[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Column Details
Emphasis Red painted pillars carved with religious symbols
Point of emphasis in the building is slightly

projected foyer which is centralized and enhances
the visual weights of the structure.[ CITATION Aut20
\l 16393 ]
mark the entrance waywhich adds to the aesthetic

of the structure.
Building Heights
The column and capital are made up of three
Plinth level: 300mm wooden members, with the column supporting a
capital made up of two pieces, of which the first
First floor level: 5300mm piece, called the shu-chung, supports the second
Second floor level: 8800 Columns of symbolic themes
and top piece, called the shu-chen.
Third floor level: 10340mm

Fourth floor level: 20900mm Parapet Details Column at the entrance
Details Crossed pattern iron railing can be seen in the

façade of the building. The façade has exposed
brick parapet with decorative eaves.[ CITATION
Flooring Details Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Flooring of the structure is in original state at all
Cornice Details
the places.The open space surrounding the
building has stone flooringand slate flooring is
used in temple .Flooring conveys character.
[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ];;;;;;;;
Square shaped decorative eave painted in red,
yellow, green and blue highlights the border of
parapets.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Staircase Details
The ground floor staircase leads to the mezzanine The decorative
patterns of
floor which further leads to the first floor through
a spiral staircase.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Tibetan
Paintings Buddhist
The main temple, Deden Tsuklagkhang, flanked
by thangka frescoes and a two-storey high
applique thangka to its left. Large monastery and
monastery
temple thangkas are made with applique instead of
paint. The guidelines for composition, form, and
architecture are
very
colour, however, remain the same.
Front view of the applique thangka at the
Institute’s main temple. The composition,
comprising of Buddha and 16 arhats or saints, is a
labour of love by dozens of the Institute’s artists rich, mainly
divided into two
and took thousands of hours to create.
[ CITATION Ram19 \l 16393 ]
categories
Exposed brick work
with block eaves
detail
Eaves detail [ CITATION
Architectural Elements
Iron railing detail
[ CITATION Aut20
\l 16393 ]
Tibetan Buddhist monastery architecture is
produced by the combination of religious culture
and architectural art. The general outer door
frame of the gate will have two or three layers of
convex door frame decorated with carved curly
grass, Buddha statues, lotus petals, scriptures etc.
The decorative patterns mainly divided into two Finial

Detail in elevation
categories Religious symbols
Religious symbols [ CITATION
Symbolic theme: Symbolic themes include
animals, plants, utensils, text and geometric
patterns
Character theme: Character theme display the

Buddha and the 16 arhats, 1,173 murals of
Buddha, frescoes of all the Dalai Lamas and
drawings chronicling the life of the 14th Dalai
Thick walls at base
Lama.
In Tibetan Buddhist culture, the specific color

has its specific meaning. The colors such as red
thick, golden rich, yellow noble, White pure, blue
solemn, green quiet, black majesty and so on are
mainly used in the building. The exterior walls are constructed of rammed
earth, mud block or stone with few openings and
In both the Tibetan temple and dwelling, these topped by flat roofs,
framing members are also richly decorated with
carved and painted motifs, giving them a special The interior structure is made up of a rectilinear
status within the iconography of Tibetan system of wood columns, capitals and beams.
architecture. Use of Japanese pagoda can be seen
The walls are thicker at the base than the top.
in the building façade which is mostly wooden
structure. [ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Structure System Ox-horn shaped

Material of construction windows
Use of Japanese pagoda can be seen in the
Primary materials used in construction are slates,
building façade which is mostly wooden structures
wood and stone.
which were found to be less vulnerable to
earthquakes. The open space surrounding the building has stone
flooring and slate flooring is used in temple.
The structure of traditional Tibetan buildings has
Flooring conveys character.
always been stable and firm, by means of
[ CITATION
thickening walls and increasing building heights, Crossed pattern iron railing can be seen in the
in order to improve the ability to resist natural façade of the building. The façade has exposed
disasters and ensure safety. brick parapet with decorative eaves.
Columns are made of wooden members

Plans at various levels
Elevations
Front elevation (sidhu, 2010)
Side elevation [ CITATION

Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Sectional elevation
[ CITATION Jas10 \l
16393 ]
Kalachakra Temple
Site
Configuration of path
Approach The site has a linear path that is axially segmented
or branched. Path runs at both the front and back
of the building. The road to the Dalai Lama’s
monastery is at the front and to the main McLeod
Approach to the site is oblique (at an angle). Ganj square is at back.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
The path can be redirected one or more times to Oblique approach [ CITATION aut20
delay and prolong the sequence of the Path and space relationship
\l 16393 ] [ CITATION
zapproach.An oblique approach enhance the effect
aut20 \l
of perspective on a building’s front façade and This path-space relationship is used to approach
form.[ CITATION Fra07 \l 16393 ] and enter functionally or symbolically important
Path space relationship is pass by spaces. The
building is centralised and [ path runs around the
CITATION
Location structure and shows the Fra07 integrity of \leach space is
maintained and mediating spaces can be used to
At a distance of 3 km from Dharamshala and 6 km link the path with the spaces.[ CITATION Aut20 \l
from McLeod Ganj, Namgyalma Stupa is an old 16393 ]
Tibetan Mini
Market
Pass by spaces. [ CITATION
Buddhist structure situated at Uparli Barol. aut20 \l 16393 ]
Namgyalam stupa is located inside the Thekchen
Chöling temple complex on the west side of the
Form of circulation space
Jogiwara road
Tsuglagkhang Temple.[ CITATION Lha15 \l 16393 ]

Kalachakra temple
Narowjeeroad
Macloedganj Market

Namgyalam stupa is part of the Thekchen Chöling [ CITATION
temple complex. The offsite features include the aut20 \l
main McLeod Ganj square and the Dalai Lama’s
monastery.[ CITATION Lha15 \l 16393 ]
Entrance Typology
Entrance to the structure is through steps at the
four corners. Main entrance to the temple is from
south-east and is slightly projected. The entrance
gateway is painted in red colour and two pillars
supporting the entrance have thangka artwork on
it and upper portion of the entrance has religious
Tibetan chants inscribed on it.[ CITATION Aut20 \l
16393 ] [ CITATION
aut20 \l
The circulation space is open on one side forming
gallery that provides visual and spatial continuity
with the spaces it links.[ CITATION Fra07 \l 16393 ]
Passing through the gallery one can spin the

prayer wheel a religious Tibet symbol which has a
special connection with Dalai Lama.[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Open on one side [ CITATION

Proportion and scale aut20 \l 16393 ]
The proportion and scale of the site can be taken

in accordance to visual scale. The stupa is built at Namgyal stupa
large scale thus the building enclosing it has a
larger scale than the Tsuglagkhang Temple.
The proportion of the gateway of structure is taken Tsuglagkhang
in accordance to anthropometry (measurements of Temple
the size and proportions of human body) and
human scale.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
[ CITATION
aut20 \l 16393
Building block
Gallery around it
[ CITATION
aut20 \l 16393
Mass and Space
While considering the whole structure the space
surrounding it is a small gallery and the mass Building block
enclosing the stupa is in accordance to the space
in which the stupa is built.[ CITATION Aut20 \l
16393 ]
Gallery around it
Spatial Organisation
[ CITATION
The site has centralised organisation as the path aut20 \l 16393
runs at both front and back of the site. The
Tsuglagkhang Temple and the stupa are linearly
placed which are alike in form and function but
differ in size. Each space along the sequence has
an exterior exposure.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Building Level
Threshold
The building is accessed by steps. At the entrance
[ CITATION
there are two snow lions on each side. It is a
aut20 \l 16393
celestial animal of Tibet. It symbolizes
fearlessness and unconditional cheerfulness .In
Buddhism the snow lion is the protector of
Buddha.
The foyer lead to the door of Tsuglagkhang

Temple and the gallery of the stupa to the right is
To To
accessed by a step. [ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ] Stup tem
a ple
Entr
ance
Plan Shape and Form

Plan of the building is culmination of two

rectangles which interlock their volumes and
merge into a single form that serves the same
function.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
[ CITATION
aut20 \l 16393
(author, 2020)
Zoning and circulation
Ground floor plan [ CITATION

Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Form type
First floor plan [ CITATION Aut20
The form is transformed by the addition of \l 16393 ]
elements to its volume. [ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
The nature of the additive process and the number
and relative sizes of the elements being attached
determine whether the identity of the initial form
is altered or retained.[ CITATION Fra07 \l 16393 ]
The form is additive in nature, because of the (author, 2020)
additional cuboid to the structure.[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Building Geometry
Two cuboids join to form a building block and
they differ in size of the geometry and have a
common boundary each will view for visual
supremacy and dominance. Thus, two forms retain
their individual identity.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
(Ching, 2007)
provides a cover to the gallery beneath it.
Second floor plan [ CITATION
Plans and various levels Circulation
Ground Floor Plan

Walls
Entrance to the structure is through steps at four
corners. The temple and the stupa have different Private spaces
entries. Plan of the building is culmination of two
rectangles. Plan consists of a chorten, temple,
Semi-public
kitchen and store the area of the Tsuglagkhang
spaces
Temple is 24sqm and the stupa is Third
115sqm.floor plan [ CITATION
Passing
Aut20 \l 16393
through the gallery one can spin the prayer wheel ]
a religious Tibet symbol which has a special
connection with Dalai Lama. The temple has a Ground floor plan [ CITATION
rayer wheel of dia 570 mm located at the centre. Jas10 \l 16393 ]
The staircase is located near the chorten.[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
First Floor Plan

The first floor is open and double height from the [ CITATION
centre and is provided with the galleries to have aut20 \l 16393
the view of stupa. A cantilevered gallery runs
along the ront façade of the structure which First floor plan [ CITATION
Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Second Floor Plan
The second floor is open from the centre and is
provided with the galleries to have the view of
stupa. The terrace is present on both the sides out
of which one terrace has the staircase. There are
chorten present at every corner of the terrace.
Third floor plan

The terrace is present on both the sides and
chortens are present at every corner of the terrace.
The shrine (the pedestal on which lord Buddha is
seated) is centrally placed.
Third floor plan [ CITATION
Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Light and ventilation

Passing through the gallery one can spin the
prayer wheel a religious Tibet symbol therefore;
there are no windows on the ground floor. The
light and wind passes through the gaps between
the payer wheels. The windows of the triple height
lobby provide a passage to the natural light to fall
directly on the stupa. The window is located on
the rear wall of the temple. [ CITATION Aut20 \l
16393 ]
[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Shade and Shadow
The roof of the entrance and the gallery of the first
floor provide shade to the ground floor . Large
overhangs of pagoda on upper floors acts as a
shading device. The gallery of the first floor is
projected which provides shade to the ground
floor.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Wall to floor ratio Wall floor ratio: 0.10 [ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
15% Second floor plan

Types of areas Area (sqm.) Wall area
Floor area
Wall area 85%

10sqm
Floor area 125sqm
Wall to floor ratio of a building = external wall area / Second floor plan [ CITATION
4%
Wall area
Floor area
96%
Ground floor plan
Wall area 44sqm

Wall floor ratio: 0.08 [ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Floor area 202sqm

Third floor plan Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Types of areas Area
7%
(sqm.)
Wall area 6sqm Wall area

Floor area
Floor area 70sqm
93%

Aut20 \l 16393 ]
First Floor Plan
Wall area 15sqm

Floor area 145sqm
6%
Wall area
\l 16393 ]
Floor area
94%
Window floor ratio Window floor ratio: 0.02 [ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393
]
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
The window-to-floor ratio of a building =Total glazing area
/ total floor area
9%
Window area
9%
Floor area
91%
Window area
Floor area
91%
Third floor plan
First floor plan Types of areas Area (sqm.)
Types of areas Area (sqm.) Wall area 6sqm
Wall area 15sqm Floor area 70sqm
Floor area 145sqm Window area 1.3sqm
Window area 2.1sqm Window floor ratio: 0.018 [ CITATION Aut20 \l

16393 ] Third floor plan [ CITATION
Window floor ratio: 0.06 [ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 First floor planAut20 \l 16393
[ CITATION ]
Aut20
] \l 16393 ]
3%
Wall area
Floor area
97%
Second floor plan
Wall area 10sqm
Floor area 125sqm
Window area 3.3sqm

Z-Analysis
Facade Treatment
The entrance gateway is painted in red colour and
two pillars supporting the entrance have thangka
artwork on it.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Railing at ground floor has flower and leaves and

first floor railing has shell painted conch pattern
which are symbol of Buddhism.[ CITATION Aut20 \l
16393 ]
The base colour of the elevation is red and use of

primary colours can be widely seen and golden
and white colour adds to the aesthetics of the
façade.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Front elevation [ CITATION
With the increase in height there is a decrease in
the surface area of upper floor plans.[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Columnar treatment of the temple is an exquisite
example of the fineness and nimble skill of the
Buddhist monks. [ CITATION Swa10 \l 16393 ]
The pagoda seen in the facade is essentially the

skyscraper version of a stupa. It is distinguished
by its vertical tiers of cornices and curved roof &
eave lines.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
The roofs of Japanese pagodas tend to be more

exaggerated and elongated making the towers
seem more horizontal than vertical.[ CITATION
Mar18 \l 16393 ]
Side elevation [ CITATION

Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Transformation
Design is a generative process of analysis and
synthesis, of trial and error, of trying out
possibilities and seizing opportunities.[ CITATION
Fra07 \l 16393 ]Building is designed by addition of
block to get the design concept which adds to the
volume of the structure.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
[ CITATION
Balance
The façade of the Namgyalam stupa is
symmetrical in nature which shows its balanced
form and makes it stable and adds to the aesthetics
of the façade.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Rhythm
Continuity is maintained as there is flow in
repetition of prayer wheels on ground floor.
Repetition
There is repetition of victory banner and thangka
painted columns on the front façade.[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Emphasis
The key focus of the temple is the Japanese
pagoda with large overhangs which decreases in
size with increase in height.
[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Building Heights
The stupa is built at large scale thus the building
enclosing it has a larger scale than the
Tsuglagkhang Temple. The plinth level of the
structure is at 300mm, ground floor is at 2715mm,
first floor is at 3591mm, second floor is at
3133mm and total height of the Namgyalam stupa
is 15747 mm. The height of the central chorten of
the structure is 6600 mm. The height of the
Tsuglagkhang Temple is 3292mm. [ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Sectonat elevation [ CITATION

Details
Flooring Details
Flooring of the structure is in original state at all
the places. The step at the entrance and the inner
flooring of the structure is of marble but gallery at
the ground floor has terrazzo flooring.[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
(Author, 2020)
Column Details
Columnar treatment of the temple is an exquisite
example of the fineness and nimble skill of the
Buddhist monks.
The extrusions and embossed detailing on the

columns is done through brick ballast and plaster
of Paris.
The entablature on the columns is different on

every floor. Whether it be the inside or outside of
the floor.
One common element that is common in all the

columnar treatment is that a religious aspect is
given to these pillars by inculcating all the
religious symbols in one column. [ CITATION Swa10
\l 16393 ]
The religious symbols namely being the:
Lotus flower
Conch shell
Wheel of dharma
Parasol
Golden fish (pair)
Victory banners, and
Treasure vase[ CITATION ins20 \l 16393 ]
Actual thickness of R.C.C column is 330mm
approximately. Overall thickness of R.C.C column
including the extrusions on the capital part 370-
400mm. In section the carvings are of 50-75mm
thick at the most.[ CITATION Swa10 \l 16393 ]
Parapet Details
A symmetric iron railing pattern run along the
periphery of the ground floor and is painted in red
and green colour. The pattern of the flower and
leaves can be seen which is symbol Buddhism.
First floor railing conch shell pattern painted in
white.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Cornice Details
Use of Japanese pagoda can be seen in elevation.
The pagoda is essentially the skyscraper version
of a stupa. It is distinguished by its vertical tiers of
cornices and curved roof & eave lines.[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Paintings
With mesmerizing interior decorations, the temple
features a contemporary Tibetan Buddhist mural [ CITATION Jas10
on cotton applique, which depicts 722 deities and \l 16393 ]
the central Kalachakra image. All of the temple's [ CITATION Jas10
\l 16393 ]
columns and walls are painted with Tibetan
"thangka" symbols.[ CITATION ins20 \l 16393 ]
The temple has a statue of Shakayamuni Buddha,

which is surrounded by stunning fresco
decorations of seven hundred and seventy two
deities of the mandala, and there is also a central
Kalachakra image. [ CITATION ins20 \l 16393 ]
Tibetan Buddhist monastery architecture is
produced by the combination of religious culture
and architectural art.
Main shrine: The pedestal on which lord Buddha

is seated is a combination of a lot of religious
symbols. Such as
Victory banner- The victory banner is embossed

into the pedestal, like at the corners of the roof
and balconies of monastery. The victory banner
was adopted by early Buddhism as an emblem of
[ CITATION
the Buddha’s enlightenment, heralding the
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
triumph of knowledge over ignorance.
[ CITATION Jas10
\l 16393 ]
Wheel of Dharma- The wheel’s motion is a
metaphor for the rapid spiritual change by the
teachings of Buddha. [ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
L otus- Lord Buddha’s statue is placed on top of

the lotus because due to strength of the stem it
rises eight to twelve inches above the surface.
big and 2 small.
MainTheshrine
conch [is CITATION
used in Buddhism to
The snow lion- It is a celestial animal of Tibet. It
call togetherJas10
religious
\l 16393 ]assemblies.[ CITATION
symbolizes fearlessness and unconditional
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
cheerfulness .In Buddhism the snow lion is the
protector of Buddha and in paintings and sculpture
is seen holding Buddha’s throne.[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Chorten or stupa on the ground floor:
The chorten is segmented into 13 tapering rings, a

parsol and a twin symbol of the sun and moon.
The rings represent fire and the thirteen steps of
enlightenment. The parasol represents wind,
wards off evil. At the top of the steeple is the twin
symbol of the sun and the moon, which represents
wisdom and method respectively .A flaming jewel
on the top is the symbol of highest enlightenment.
Columns on the façade: In the entablature number Chorten [ CITATION

of Tibet symbols can be seen. Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Lotus- Lotus is placed in the centre of the

entablature. Lotus signifies the progress of the
soul from the primeval mud of materialism,
through the waters of experience and into the
bright sunshine of enlightenment. [ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Golden pair of fishes- Two fishes usually appears

standing vertically with head inwards towards
each other are placed on top of lotus. The fishes
are originated as a ancient Buddhist symbol of two
sacred rivers of India, Ganga and Yamuna.
The capital part of the column is combination of

two or more religious symbols.
There is a lotus in cuboidal shape surrounding the

column and there are conch shells on each face- 2
Column [ CITATION
A Pagoda is a pyramidal tower (multi-storied
tower-like structure) with an upward curving roof
which is built in traditions originating as stupa
near Viharas to honour Gautam Buddha.[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
They have a decorated finial at the top of the

structure. The finial is designed in such a way as
to have symbolic meaning within Buddhism; for
Example, it may include designs representing a
lotus.[ CITATION Mar18 \l 16393 ]
Pagoda [ CITATION
Structure System Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Many pagodas have a decorated finial at the top

of the structure. The finial functions as a lightning
rod, and thus help to both attract lightning and
protect the pagoda from lightning damage. Early
pagodas were constructed out of wood, but
steadily progressed to sturdier materials, which
helped protect against fires and rot.
Finial [ CITATION
The pagoda is essentially the skyscraper version Jas10 \l 16393 ]
of a stupa. It is distinguished by its vertical tiers
of cornices and curved roof & eave lines.
[ CITATION Mar18 \l 16393 ]

of Paris. [ CITATION Swa10 \l 16393 ]
The plan clearly shows that the building is a load

bearing structure as all the load is equally
transferred to the columns. Actual thickness of
R.C.C column is 330mm approximately. Overall
thickness of R.C.C column including the
extrusions on the capital part 370-400mm. In
section the carvings are of 50-75mm thick at the
most.[ CITATION Swa10 \l 16393 ]
Column [ CITATION
Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Materials of Construction
The step at the entrance and the inner flooring of
the structure is of marble but gallery at the ground
floor has terrazzo flooring.[ CITATION Aut20 \l
16393 ]
(Author, 2020)
of Paris. [ CITATION Swa10 \l 16393 ]
Pagoda is a hollow structure made of stone, brick

and wood. A symmetric iron pattern can be seen
on the railing. The construction of the structure is
done in brick wall.
Stupa is built of earth material covered with stone

and brick.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]

Jas10 \l 16393 ]
First floor plan [ CITATION

Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Second floor plan [ CITATION Jas10 \l 16393 ]

Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Elevations
Front elevation [ CITATION Jas10 \l 16393 ]

Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Section
Sectional elevation [ CITATION

Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Details of Main Shrine
[ CITATION Jas10
\l 16393 ]
Details of Stupa
[ CITATION Jas10
\l 16393 ]
Details of Stupa
Details of Column
-At first and second floor

Details of Column
[ CITATION Jas10
\l 16393 ]
-At Third floor
Gaiety Theatre, Shimla A recessed entrance provides shelter and receives
a portion of exterior space.[ CITATION[ Fra07CITATION
\l
16393 ] Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Approach
Approach to the site is oblique (at an angle).

The path can be redirected one or more times to

delay and prolong the sequence of the
approach.An oblique approach enhance the effect
of perspective on a building’s front façade and
Location
Gaiety Theatre Shimla is a significant tourist
hotspot of Shimla.
It is a prominent landmark of the city of Shimla
which is located between The Mall Road and the
Ridge. It is the hub of cultural events of the state.

The gaiety theatre shimla is built on a contoured
site. Area at the back of the site has an open air
theatre which can accommodate around 100
people.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
The structure surrounding the gaiety heritage

cultural complex include the town hall complex,
Daulat Singh park and Jawali Devi temple. The Town
OA
T
Sho
Hall
mall runs along the front façade whereas the ridge ps
is runs along the back.[ CITATION Lha15 \l 16393 ]
Entrance Typology [ CITATION

Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Entrance to the building is recessed which
involves the act of penetrating a vertical plane that
distinguishes one space from another.[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Town hall Ridge
Gaiety
theatre Daulat
Singh park
Mall road
[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Configuration of path visually taller than the facade along the ridge.
The site has a linear path that is axially segmented
or branched. [ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
A straight path, however, can be the primary

organizing element for a series of spaces. In
addition, it can be curvilinear or segmented,
intersect other paths, have branches, or form a
loop. [ CITATION Fra07 \l 16393 ]
Path and space relationship

The path-space relationship is used to approach [ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
and enter functionally or symbolically important
The path running inside the building is Pass
through Spaces as the path passes through a space
axially, obliquely, or along its edge and cutting
through a space, the path creates patterns of rest
and movement within it.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
[ CITATION
Aut20 \l
Form of circulation space
Form of circulation space is enclosed that forms a
private corridor that relates to the spaces it links
though entrances in a wall plane.
A narrow, enclosed path naturally encourages

forward motion. To accommodate more traffic as
well as to create spaces for pausing, resting, or
viewing, sections of a path can be widened.
[ CITATION Fra07 \l 16393 ] The path can also be
enlarged by merging with the spaces it passes
through.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ] [ CITATION
Aut20 \l
Proportion and scale

Proportion and scale in architecture is to create
forms that are functional and pleasing to the eye.
It is used to create balance between the structures. Scale in comparison to nearby buildings (visual
As the building is built on the contoured site so, scale)
when sited at different heights it has different
impacts on the hillside due to varying height.
Thus, façade of the building on mall road side is
[ CITATION
Aut20 \l
Scale in respect to human scale along the ridge
Mass and Space
Initially the gaiety theatre was part of the town
hall complex but the two masses are separated
through a space in between that is a stairway and
it connects the mall road and the ridge. Area at the
back of the site has an open air theatre which can
accommodate around 150 people. [ CITATION Aut20
\l 16393 ]
Zoning
Being the hub of Shimla’s social and cultural life
Gaiety Theatre is sited on a busy street of Shimla OAT
that is mall road. Town hall complex is built Town Hall

Shops
adjacent to it and there is a museum which is part

of the theatre. Area at the back of the structure has [ CITATION
an open air theatre.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ] Aut20 \l 16393 ]
[ CITATION
Spatial Organisation Aut20 \l 16393 ]
The building has a linear organisation.[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]A linear organization consists
essentially of a series of spaces. These spaces can
either be directly related to one another or be
linked through a separate and distinct linear space.
[ CITATION [ CITATION
Building Level Fra07 \l 16393 Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Threshold
The building has two entrances one for theatre
complex and other for city museum. Entrance to
the theatre is marked by gothic archway which is
accessed through steps. Entrance to the city
museum is through gothic arcade (three arches
supported on piers and columns). The central arch
has the larger span.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Plan Shape and Form
The basic shape of the plan is rectangular. Form

is built as a result of irregular composition of
regular forms in which shapes interlock their
volumes and merge into a single form having
variety of faces. (Author, 2020)
irregular composition of regular forms (author, 2020)

Form Type
A form is transformed by the addition of elements
to its volume. [ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
The nature of the additive process and the number
and relative sizes of the elements being attached
determine whether the identity of the initial form
is altered or retained.[ CITATION Fra07 \l 16393 ]
The form is additive in nature, because of the
additional element to the structure.[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Building Geometry
When multiple forms differing in geometry collide
and interpenetrate boundary of the principle form,
[ CITATION
they will add up to the volume of the form.
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Zoning and circulation

Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Circulation
Walls
Private spaces
Semi-public spaces
equipped with stage lights as well as the unique

and
Form and space
Ground floor plan [ CITATION Jas10
The form and enclosure of each space in a \l 16393 ]
building either determines, or is determined by,
the form of the spaces around it.[ CITATION Fra07 \l
16393 ]
The auditorium in the building has specific

functional and technical requirements, and
requires specific forms that will affect the forms
of the spaces around them.[ CITATION Aut20 \l
16393 ]
\l 16393 ]
Plans and various levels

[ CITATION
Ground Floor Plan Aut20 \l 16393 ]
The ground floor has a reception, an admin office

and a ticket booking counter.
The ground floor houses the Old Theatre Hall

which has seating capacity of 320 people. It is

Aut20 \l 16393 ]
traditional curtain system that used sand bags and which provides cross ventilation inside the
pulleys. building.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
This floor also has the Tavern Hall that hosts

exhibitions on art, photography and sculpture.
First Floor Plan

The first floor houses an art gallery managed by
the Lalit kala academy, New Delhi, exhibiting
contemporary as well as traditional works of art,
and a conference hall. It also has a small book
library.
The steps on the first floor lead to the ridge which First floor plan [ CITATION
connects at the back side of the building as Jas10 \l 16393 ]
building is built on a contoured site. [ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Second Floor Plan

The second floor has a multi-purpose hall
equipped with the state of art equipment for
lighting, sound and projection with a seating
capacity of 450 people which leads to a verandah.
It also has a small open air theatre for enacting

street plays with the seating arrangement for 100
people.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Basement Plan
Approach to the basement is through a spiral
staircase and through a passage that runs in front
of the stage. The plan has a room which has four
columns which supports the stage at the ground
floor and is used for storage purpose.[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ] Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Light and ventilation

The building is planned such that the areas that
require light are placed towards the exposed
facades of the building and have large Victorian
style glass windows. As the auditorium requires Basement plan[ CITATION
minimum light thus, retaining walls are built at the Jas10 \l 16393 ]
back and side walls of it. There are large gothic
style windows on all the facades of first floor
[ CITATION
Shade and Shadow
Five identical dormer roofs are seen on the front
façade which provide shade to the entrance. The
canopy at the first floor acts as a shading device to
the ground floor. Projected roof at the second
floor acts as a shading device for the lower floors.[
Wall to floor ratio
6% [ CITATION
24% Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Wall area
Floor area
11% 12%
Circulation
70%
Wall area
Floor area
Circulation
Wall to floor ratio of a building = external wall area /

77%
Ground floor plan

Types of areas Area (sqm.) Wall floor ratio: 0.31[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Types of areas Area (sq.)
[ CITATION
Wall area 306sqm
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Wall area 163sq. Second floor plan
Floor area 887sqm
Floor area 1084sqm
Circulation 422sqm
Circulation 289sqm
Wall [ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
21% 20%

Wall area
Floor area
Circulation
[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
59%
floor ratio: 0.34 [ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
First
Floor
Plan
Wall area 260sqm
Floor area 771sqm
Circulation 277sqm
Window floor ratio Window area 27sqm
The window-to-floor ratio of a building =Total glazing area Window floor ratio: 0.035[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393
/ total floor area ] [ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
2%
25%
2%
21%
Wall area
Floor area
Window area
Wall area
Floor area
73%
Window area
76%
First floor plan

Second floor plan
Types of areas Area (sqm.) Types of areas Area (sqm.)
Wall area 306sqm Wall area 163sqm
Floor area 887sqm Floor area 1084sqm
Window area 18.4sqm Window area 34sqm
Window floor ratio: 0.04 [ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 Window floor ratio: 0.031[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393
] ] [ CITATION [ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ] Aut20 \l 16393 ]
3%
25%
Wall area
Floor area
Window area
73%
First Floor Plan

Wall area 260sqm
Floor area 771sqm

Views
As the building is built on the contoured site so,
when sited at different heights it has different
impacts on the hillside due to varying height.
Thus, façade of the building on mall road side is
visually taller than the facade along the ridge.
From upper floors of the theatre there is scenic
view of valley. From oat one can have the view of
Mall road.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Z-Analysis [ CITATION
Facade Treatment
The buildings exquisite Gothic style of
architecture is a true manifestation of Victorian
artistry. The structure of gaiety theatre is built in
stone. The play of projection and recession can be
seen as the entrances are projected outwards from
the principle façade and becomes an element of
focus. Windows of the structure are pointed which Front elevation [ CITATION
are major feature of the gothic architectural styles.
A rose window, a typical feature of gothic
architecture is a part of the facade.[ CITATION Aut20
\l 16393 ]
The building has two entrances one for theatre

complex and other for city museum. Entrance to
the theatre is marked by gothic archway which is
accessed through steps and five identical dormer
Left side elevation [ CITATION
roofs which are seen on the front façade and Jas10 \l 16393 ]
provide shade to the entrance. Entrance to the city
museum is through gothic arcade (three arches
supported on piers and columns). The central arch
has the larger span. [ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Columns have thick base to provide support to the

structure. The dormer window on roof (one of the Right side elevation [ CITATION
element of colonial architecture) provides light Jas10 \l 16393 ]
and adds to the aesthetics of the façade. The
tracery an architectural device can be seen in the
façade which divides windows into sections of
various proportions by stone bars or ribs of
moulding.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Rear elevation [ CITATION

Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Transformation
Form is built as a result of irregular composition
of regular forms in which shapes interlock their
irregular composition of regular forms (author, 2020)
volumes and merge into a single form having
variety of faces. The form is additive in nature,
because of the additional element to the structure. [
Repetition
Reptilian of particular type of element is seen in
the façade like there is repetition of pointed
arched windows and dormer roof windows in the
façade.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Emphasis
The play of projection and recession can be seen
as the entrances are projected outwards from the
principle façade and becomes an element of focus.
Building Heights
[ CITATION
The building is built on a contoured site on mall
road, Shimla and the rear façade of the building
runs along the ridge. Basement of the structure is
at -4500mm level. The main entrance to the
building is from Mall road which is at 100mm and
theatre stage is at 450mm. Level of the tavern hall
is -150mm.
First floor is at 4050mm and the canopy level is

4400mm. Rear façade is accessible through ridge Sectional elevation at x-x’ [ CITATION
Jas10 \l 16393 ]
with is at 7350mm level. Level of second floor is
8550mm. Third floor is at height 12750mm and
total height of building is 16750mm.[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Sectional elevation at y-y’ [ CITATION

Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Details
Flooring Details
The theatre stage has wooden flooring which
offers an advantage over other kinds of flooring
like concrete or carpet, providing better movement
space for multiple kinds of presentations and art
shows. The auditorium also has wooden flooring
because it has good sound absorbing properties.
The upper floors of the structure have tile
flooring.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Column Details
Corinthian columns are used in the interiors of the
building which are characterized by slender fluted
columns and elaborate capitals decorated with
acanthus leaves and scrolls. Columns in the
basement support the stage at the ground floor. In
the façade columns with conical top and wide base
can be seen which supports the arches on the
[ CITATION
entrance. [ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Ceiling Design
Theatre has curved ceiling so, that the sound after
reflection from the curved surface reaches all
corners of the hall evenly this is purely made on
the principle of reflection of sound. These curves
can result in process of reverberation and the
colour used in ceiling is dark blue because dark
colours ceilings make focus on the stage and add
to the grandeur.
Ceiling of multipurpose hall on the second floor is

of wooden rafters. Timber ceiling is used in the [ CITATION sto20 \l
[ CITATION
structure for framing the room. [ CITATION Aut20 \l Jas10 \l 16393 ]
16393 ]
[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Staircase Detail
Mostly spiral staircase are used in plan which
save valuable square meters because they occupy
a much smaller area then a conventional staircase.[
The theatre is designed in typical gothic style
which represents renaissance in Europe, with its
arches, ribbed vaults and flying buttresses. The
walls of the store room are thick due to flying
buttress.
Dormer window[
This restored Gothic intimate theatre adorned with weightCITATION
was not only economical but also gave
[ CITATION
beautiful paperAut20
Mache panels
\l 16393 ] is reminiscent of Corinthian
the old colonial era. The building also personifies column[ CITATIO
N Jas10 \l
the Victorian aesthetic sensibilities. The most
coveted and special part of the building is the old
theatre hall which is equipped with the fine
acoustic facilities needed in the art of theatre.
[ CITATION Shi17 \l 16393 ]
Voice is audible in every corner without any

microphone.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ] great heightsparapet
Interior to building. [ CITATION
design[ Jea83 \l 16393 ]
CITATION
Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Corinthian columns are used in the interiors of the
building which are characterized by slender fluted
columns and elaborate capitals decorated with
acanthus leaves and scrolls.[ CITATION Aut20 \l
16393 ]
Rose windows (circular window) which are

divided into segments by stone mullions and
tracery and a characteristic feature of gothic
architecture is a part of the facade. The tracery an
architectural device can be seen in the façade
which divides windows into sections of various
proportions by stone bars or ribs of moulding.
Pointed arches give a sensation of verticality and

are pointing upwards, like the spires.
The interior space is quite well maintained and

some the places as been utilised form displaying
the sculptures and paintings. Pointed arched windows with tracery[ CITATION
Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Structure System
Gaiety theatre Shimla is built on a contoured site.
Ribs were used to minimise the load of vault, as

the dead load on vaulting was created primarily by
the weight of the stone and thus, reducing this
Rose window [ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
The flying buttresses concentrate loads at pillars
so that there remains no need of reinforcement at
specific points.[ CITATION Jea83 \l 16393 ]
Theatre has curved ceiling so, that the sound after

reflection from the curved surface reaches all
corners of the hall evenly and the colour used in
ceiling is dark blue because dark colours ceilings
makes focus on the stage and add to the grandeur.[
It has a pitched truss roof with sloping rafters. The [ CITATION hun20 \l
16393 ]
purlins are covered with slate tiles.
The walls of the theatre are made curved because

curve walls reflect sounds and it has continental
sitting arrangements with balconies surrounding it.
Material of construction Two king post trusses linked to support a roof.

Key:1: ridge beam, 2: purlins, 3: common rafters
Gaiety theatre Shimla is built in stone. [ CITATION Geo20 \l 16393 ].
The theatre stage has wooden flooring which

offers an advantage over other kinds of flooring
like concrete or carpet, providing better movement
space for multiple kinds of presentations and art
shows. The auditorium also has wooden flooring
because it has good sound absorbing properties.
The upper floors of the structure have tile
flooring.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
It has a pitched truss roof with sloping rafters.

[ CITATION
The purlins are covered with slate tiles.[ CITATION
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Seats of the theatre are of sound absorbing

materials.[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]
Ground floor plan [ CITATION Jas10

\l 16393 ]
First floor plan [ CITATION

Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Basement
Roof plan[plan[ CITATION
CITATION Jas10 \l
Jas10 \l
16393 ]16393 ]
Elevations
Rear elevation [ CITATION Jas10 \l

16393 ]

Rear elevation [ CITATION
Lest side elevation [ CITATION

Elevations
Right side elevation [ CITATION

Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Sectional elevation
Sectional elevation at x-x’ [ CITATION

Jas10 \l 16393 ]
Sectional elevation at y-y’ [ CITATION

Jas10 \l 16393 ]

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Approach to the site is oblique (at an angle).

The path can be redirected one or more times to

Path and space relationship

Pass by spaces(Ching, 2007)

Form of circulation space (Author, 2020)

Form of circulation space varies with the change

The circulation space is open on both sides

Proportion and scale

Mass and space relationship

Plan Shape and Form

Plan of the building is culmination of various

A form is transformed by the addition of

Plans and various levels

Second Floor Plan

First Floor Plan

Wall area 65sqm

Floor area 410sqm Shade and Shadow

Circulation 76sqm Chajjas above the windows acts as a shading

The staircases lead to the terraces. Wall area

The terraces through steps further leads to a 63%

centrally placed room located on the second floor.[

internal floor area.

Light and ventilation Ground floor plan

Wall area 73sqm

Second floor plan [ CITATION Aut20

Wall area 85sqm

Floor area 305sqm

Wall floor ratio: 0.14[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ] [ CITATION Aut20

Third floor plan

Wall area 40sqm

Floor area 245sqm

14% 12% [ CITATION Aut20

Window area 19.06sqm

Wall area 40sqm

Floor area 252sqm

Window area 34.38sqm 4% 13%

Window floor ratio: 0.13[ CITATION Aut20 \l

Second floor plan

The inner courtyard on the first floor provides an

Emphasis Red painted pillars carved with religious symbols

Point of emphasis in the building is slightly

mark the entrance waywhich adds to the aesthetic

Third floor level: 10340mm

Details Crossed pattern iron railing can be seen in the

Eaves detail [ CITATION

The decorative patterns mainly divided into two Finial

Character theme: Character theme display the

In Tibetan Buddhist culture, the specific color

Structure System Ox-horn shaped

Columns are made of wooden members

[ CITATION Aut20 \l 16393 ]

Front elevation (sidhu, 2010)

Side elevation [ CITATION

Tsuglagkhang Temple.[ CITATION Lha15 \l 16393 ]

Onsite and Offsite Features

Passing through the gallery one can spin the

Open on one side [ CITATION

The proportion and scale of the site can be taken

The foyer lead to the door of Tsuglagkhang

Plan Shape and Form

Plan of the building is culmination of two

Ground floor plan [ CITATION