sf]le8–!

( n] cy{tGqdf kf/]sf] k|efj;DaGwL

;j]{If0f k|ltj]bg

g]kfn /fi6« a}+s

cg';Gwfg ljefu
c;f/ @)&&
 k|fSsyg
1. ljZje/ dxfdf/Lsf] ?kdf km}lnPsf] sf]le8–!( k|sf]ksf sf/0f ljZjn] dfgjLo Pjd\ cfly{s Iflt
Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o d'b|f sf]ifn] ;g\ @)@) df ljZj cy{tGq $=( k|ltztn] ;+s'rg x'g]
k|If]k0f u/]sf] 5 .
2. sf]le8–!( dxfdf/Laf6 ljZj cy{tGq;Fu} g]kfnsf] cy{tGq klg k|efljt ePsf] 5 . dxfdf/Lsf]
;+qmd0f /f]Sg g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)&^ r}t !! af6 b]zJofkL ?kdf aGbfaGbL 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] .
aGbfaGbLsf] ;dodf cTofjZos afx]ssf cfly{s lqmofsnfkx? a9L k|efljt /x] . sf]le8 ;+qmd0fn]
cy{tGqdf kf/]sf] c;/sf sf/0f cfly{s jif{ @)&^÷&& df @=@* k|ltztdfq cfly{s j[l4 xfl;n x'g]
s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefusf] cg'dfg 5 .
3. o; a}+ssf ueg{/ >L dxfk|;fb clwsf/LHo"n] a}+ssf] g]t[Tj ;DxfNg' eP;Fu} sf]le8—!( n]
cy{tGqdf kf/]sf] c;/af/]df lgoldt ?kdf cWoog ug{ lgb]{zg lbg' ePcg';f/ ljleGg r/0fdf
cWoogx? eO/x]sf 5g\ . o;}qmddf sf]le8—!( n] cy{tGqsf ljleGg If]qx?df kf/]sf] k|efj
cfsng ug]]{ tyf aGbfaGbLkZrft\ pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] ;~rfng kl/b[Zo klxrfg ug]{ p2]Zosf;fy
of] ;j]{If0f ul/Psf] xf] .
4. /fli6«o cfly{s u0fgfdf ;d]l6Psf !* pBf]u÷Joj;fodWo] ljQLo tyf aLdf;DaGwL lqmofsnfk
afx]ssfnfO{ !# If]qdf Pslqt u/L o; ;j]{If0fdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . %@ lhNnfsf ^&$
pBf]]uL÷Joj;foLx? @)&& h]7 @^ ut]b]lv c;f/ !) ut];Dd ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL x'g' ePsf] 5 .
aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ljleGg If]qsf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] pTkfbg÷sf/f]af/df cfPsf] sdL, /f]huf/L
s6f}tL, aGbfaGbL kl5sf] of]hgf nufotsf ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt dxTjk"0f{ tYofÍ ;+sng u/L
cy{tGqdf ;a}eGbf a9L k|efljt If]qx? klxrfg ug]{ k|of; o; ;j]{If0fdf ul/Psf] 5 . ljQLo
:yfloTjdf kg{;Sg] gsf/fTds k|efjnfO{ Go"g ug{ ;xof]u k'uf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] pBf]u÷Joj;fosf]
k"FhL Pjd\ vr{sf] ;+/rgf / shf{sf] ;|f]t af/] ;d]t tYofÍ ;+sng u/L ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .
5. aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ;j]{If0fdf ;+nUg #( k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fo k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf ;~rfngdf
/x]sf / ^! k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fox? k"0f{?kdf aGb /x]sf kfOPsf 5g\ . o;aLrdf ;j]{If0fdf
;+nUg pBf]u÷Joj;fon] em08} Ps rf}yfO sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tL u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;/L
s6f}tL x'g] dWo] c:yfoL÷s/f/sf sfdbf/ b'O{ ltxfOeGbf w]/} /x]sf 5g\ . ;f]xL cjlwdf
pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] cf};tdf !*=@ k|ltztn] tna s6f}tL u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . aGbfaGbL cjlwdf
(^=& k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] pTkfbg÷sf/f]af/ &#=*) k|ltztn] 36]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
6. cGTodf, ;j]{If0fnfO{ cuf8L a9fpg dfu{bz{g ug'{x'g] >Ldfg\ ueg{/Ho" tyf 8]k'6L ueg{/Ho"x? k|lt
xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{5' . ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL x'g' x'g] pBdL tyf Joj;foLx?nfO{ klg wGojfb lbg
rfxG5' . o; cWoognfO{ ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ug{ vl6g'x'g] lgb]{zs O{Zj/L k|;fb e§/fO{,
pklgb]{zsåo lk|o+sf a:Goft / l;¢/fh e§ tyf ;xfos lgb]{zsåo >L /fd rGb| cfrfo{ / >L
/f]n]Gb| ljqmd ha]u"nfO{ ljz]if wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . ;j]{If0fnfO{ ;dod} ;DkGg ug{ dxTjk"0f{
e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{x'g] o; ljefu tyf k|b]zl:yt sfof{nosf lgb]{zsx? tyf sd{rf/L ldqx?
wGojfbsf kfq x'g'x'G5 . ;j]{If0faf6 k|fKt ;"rgf Pjd\ hfgsf/L ;Da¢ ;a}sf nflu pkof]uL x'g]
ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .

8f= u'0ffs/ e§
sfo{sf/L lgb]{Zfs
 ljifo ;"rL
k|fSsyg
Tfflnsf tyf rf6{x?
sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z
kl/R5]b ! M kl/ro .......................................................................................................... 1
cWoogsf] k[i7e"ld .................................................................................................. 1
cWoogsf p2]Zox? .................................................................................................2
cWoog ljlw .........................................................................................................2
k|ltj]bgsf] 9fFrf ..................................................................................................... 3
kl/R5]b @ M tYofÍ k|:t'tLs/0f tyf ljZn]if0f ......................................................................... 4
;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pQ/bftfx?sf] juL{s/0f..................................................................... 4
shf{ ;DklQ cg'kft ................................................................................................ 6
vr{ ;+/rgf ..........................................................................................................7
shf{sf] ;|f]t ......................................................................................................... 8
aGbfaGbL cjlwdf pBf]u÷Joj;fo ;~rfngsf] cj:yf ....................................................... 9
aGbfaGbL cjlwdf pTkfbg÷sf/f]af/sf] cj:yf ................................................................ 10
aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ljB't\ vktsf] cj:yf ...................................................................... 11
aGbfaGbL cjlwdf sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tLsf] cj:yf ....................................................... 12
aGbfaGbL cjlwdf tna÷;'ljwfsf] cj:yf ..................................................................... 13
pBf]u÷Joj;fonfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsg] cjlw .............................................................. 16
aGbfaGbL cjlwdf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] ef]u]sf d'Vo ;d:ofx? ............................................. 17
Aofh 5'6 k|flKtsf] cj:yf ........................................................................................18
;fdfGo cj:yfdf kms{g nfUg] cjlw ........................................................................... 19
aGbfaGbLkZrft\ Joj;fo ;~rfng of]hgf ..................................................................... 19
aGbfaGbLkZrft\sf] ljQLo of]hgf ...............................................................................20
;x'lnotk"0f{ shf{ / /f]huf/Lsf] lg/Gt/tf ...................................................................... 21
pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] ck]Iff u/]sf] ;'ljwf tyf ;xof]u........................................................ 22
kl/R5]b # M lgZsif{ ........................................................................................................ 23
lgZsif{ ................................................................................................................................................23
;Gbe{ ;fdu|L
cg';"rLx?
 Tfflnsf tyf rf6{x?
tflnsf ! M cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0fcg';f/ gd'gf ;+Vof %
Tfflnsf @ M ;~rfng cjlwcg';f/ gd'gf ;+Vof %
tflnsf # M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ shf{ ;DklQ cg'kft -k|ltzt_ &
tflnsf $ M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ rfn' / l:y/ vr{sf] c+z -k|ltzt_ *
tflnsf % M cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0fcg';f/ shf{ ;|f]t 5gf}6 -k|ltzt_ (
Tflnsf ^ M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ shf{ ;|f]t 5gf}6 -k|ltzt_ (
tflnsf & M cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0fcg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf Joj;fo ;~rfng cj:yf -k|ltzt_ !)
tflnsf * M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf Joj;fo ;~rfng cj:yf
-k|ltzt_ !)
tflnsf ( M aGbfaGbL cjlwdf pTkfbg÷sf/f]af/sf] cj:yf -cf}Bf]lus ju{L{s/0f cg';f/_ !!
tflnsf !) M aGbfaGbL cjlwdf pTkfbg÷sf/f]af/ cj:yf -pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ cg';f/_ !!
tflnsf !! M cf}Bf]lus ju{L{s/0fcg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf cf};t lah'nL vkt -k|ltzt_ !@
tflnsf !@ M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf cf};t lah'nL vkt -k|ltzt_ !@
tflnsf !# M cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0fcg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tLsf] cj:yf
-k|ltzt_ !#
tflnsf !$ M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tLsf]
cj:yf -k|ltzt_ !#
tflnsf !% M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf tna s6f}tLsf] cj:yf -
k|ltzt_ !$
tflnsf !^ M cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0fcg';f/ eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwf s6f}tLsf] cj:yf -k|ltzt_ !%
tflnsf !& M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwf
s6f}tLsf] cj:yf -k|ltzt_ !%
tflnsf !* M cf}Bf]lus ju{L{s/0f cg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwf a9fPsf] jf
ga9fPsf] -k|ltzt_ !^
tflnsf !( M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ cg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwf
a9fPsf] jf ga9fPsf] -k|ltzt_ !^
tflnsf @) M cf}Bf]lus ju{L{s/0f cg';f/ aGbfaGbL /lx/x] Joj;fo lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsg]
;dosf] cfwf/df pBf]u÷Joj;fo -k|ltzt_ !&
tflnsf @! M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ cg';f/ aGbfaGbL /lx/x] Joj;fo lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsg]
;dosf] cfwf/df pBf]u÷Joj;fo -k|ltzt_ !&
tflnsf @@ M aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ef]luPsf k|d'v kfFr ;d:ofx? !*
tflnsf @# M cf}Bf]lus ju{L{s/0f cg';f/ Aofhdf ;x'lnot k|fKt u/]÷gu/]sf] -k|ltzt_ !*
tflnsf @$ M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ cg';f/ Aofhdf ;x'lnot k|fKt u/]÷gu/]sf] -k|ltzt_ !*
tflnsf @% M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ cg';f/ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf kms{g nfUg] cjlw !(
tflnsf @^ M cf}Bf]lus ju{L{s/0f cg';f/ aGbfaGbLkl5sf] Joj;fo ;~rfng of]hgf @)
tflnsf @& M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ cg';f/ aGbfaGbL kl5sf] Joj;fo ;~rfng of]hgf @)
tflnsf @* M aGbfaGbLkZrft\ ljQLo ;fwg kl/rfngsf k|d'v kfFr ljsNkx? @!
tflnsf @( M cf}Bf]lus ju{L{s/0f cg';f/ ;x'lnot shf{ k|fKt u/] /f]huf/LnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg
;lsg] jf g;lsg] -k|ltzt_ @!
tflnsf #) M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ cg';f/ ;x'lnot shf{ k|fKt u/] /f]huf/LnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbg ;lsg] jf g;lsg] -k|ltzt_ @@
tflnsf #! M pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] ck]]Iff u/]sf] ;'ljwf tyf ;xof]u @@

rf6{ ! M k|b]zut gd'gf ljj/0f -k|ltzt_ $

rf6{ @ M lnËsf] cfwf/df ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]uL÷Joj;foL -k|ltzt_ $
rf6{ # M cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f tyf ;~rfng cjlw cg';f/ gd'gf ;+Vof -k|ltzt_ ^
rf6{ $ M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ gd'gf ;+Vof ^
rf6{ % M cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f cg';f/ shf{ ;DklQ cg'kft -k|ltzt_ &
rf6{ ^ M cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f cg';f/ rfn' / l:y/ vr{sf] c+z -k|ltzt_ *
rf6{ & M cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f cg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf tna s6f}tLsf] cj:yf -k|ltzt_ !$
rf6{ * M cf}Bf]lus ju{L{s/0f cg';f/ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf kms{g nfUg] cjlw -dlxgf_ !(

2
 sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z
1. ljZje/ dxfdf/Lsf] ?kdf km}lnPsf] sf]le8–!( sf sf/0f g]kfndf klg cfly{s lqmofsnfkx?
k|efljt x'gk'u] . @)&^ r}t !! b]lv z'? ePsf] aGbfaGbL @)&& c;f/ ! b]lv v's'nf] ul/Ptfklg
cfly{s lqmofsnfkx? k"0f{ ?kdf ;~rfngdf cfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . cfly{s jif{ @)&^÷&& df sl/a
@=@* k|ltztdfq cfly{s j[l4 xfl;n x'g] s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefusf] cg'dfg 5 . sf]]le8—!( k|efjsf
sf/0f /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x? klg k|efljt ePsf 5g\ .
2. o; a}+sn] sf]le8–!( n] g]kfnsf]] cy{tGqdf kf/]sf] c;/ / To;nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ cjnDag ug'{kg]{
gLltut Joj:yfaf/] lgoldt cWoog ul//x]sf]] 5 . o;} l;nl;nfdf aGbfaGbLsf] k|efjaf/] k|fylds
tYofÍdf cfwfl/t /xL ;"Id cWoog ug{ ;fGble{s b]lvPsf]n] of] ;j]{If0f ul/Psf] 5 .
3. dxfdf/Lsf sf/0f cy{tGqsf ljleGg If]qx?sf] pTkfbg tyf /f]huf/Ldf kg]{ k|efj klxrfg ug]{
p2]Zon] of] ;j]{If0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} ;j]{If0fn] pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] k"FhLsf] ;+/rgf tyf
aGbfaGbLkZrft\ ;~rfng /0fgLltx? klxrfg ug]{ / aGbfaGbLsf] c;/ Go"gLs/0f ug{ pko'Qm
cfly{s, df}lb|s tyf If]qut ;'emfj ;+sng ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
4. cWoogdf k"0f{tof k|fylds tYofÍ tyf ;"rgfsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . tYofÍ tyf ;"rgf ;+sng ug{
k|ZgfjnLdf cfwfl/t u'un kmd{dfkm{t cgnfOg (Online) ;j]{If0f ljlw ckgfOPsf] 5 .
5. ;j]{If0fdf %@ lhNnfsf ^&$ pBf]]uL÷Joj;foLx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 . cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0fcg';f/
yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/af6 ;jf{lws @*=@ k|ltzt, pTkfbgd"ns pBf]uaf6 !*=@ k|ltzt / xf]6n
tyf /]i6'/]G6af6 !^=% k|ltzt gd'gf k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . tLg jif{ jf ;f]eGbf sd cjlw ;~rfngdf
/x]sf gjk|jt{g (Startup) pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] ;xeflutf @#=& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/sf] cfwf/df ;jf{lws $@=& k|ltzt pQ/bftf n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f
Jofkf/ ;d"xsf /x]sf 5g\ eg] ;a}eGbf yf]/} $=# k|ltzt pQ/bftf 7"nf pBf]u ;d"xsf /x]sf 5g\ .
6. ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]]u÷Joj;fox?sf] shf{ ;DklQ cg'kft (Debt to Total Asset Ratio)
cf};tdf $*=& k|ltzt /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
7. ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] s'n vr{df l:y/ vr{ / rfn' vr{sf] lx:;f qmdzM #&=^
k|ltzt / ^@=$ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
8. ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuLdWo] &$=# k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 / *=&
k|ltztn] art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfaf6 shf{ lnPsf] b]lvG5 . shf{ glnPsf
pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] ;+Vof !@ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
9. aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL $ k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fo k"0f{ ?kdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf, #%
k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fo cf+lzs ?kdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf / ^! k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fox? k"0f{?kdf
aGb /x]sf kfOPsf 5g\ .
10. aGbfaGbL] cjlwdf ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?dWo] (^=& k|ltztn] ;fdfGo cj:yfsf]
t'ngfdf cf};tdf &#=* k|ltzt pTkfbg÷sf/f]af/ 36]sf] hgfPsf 5g\ . ;xefuLdWo] )=( k|ltzt
 pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] pTkfbg÷sf/f]af/ !%=$ k|ltztn] a9]sf] / @=$ k|ltztsf] pTkfbg÷sf/f]af/
k"j{jt /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
11. aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] @@=% k|ltzt sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tL
u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . s6f}tL ePsfdWo] c:yfoL÷s/f/sf sfdbf/ b'O{ ltxfOeGbf w]/} /x]sf 5g\ . xf]6n
tyf /]i6'/]G6 If]qn] ;a}eGbf w]/} sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tL u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;f] cjlwdf 3/]n'
pBf]u / n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/x?n] cGosf] t'ngfdf w]/} sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tL u/]sf]
kfOPsf] 5 .
12. aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] cf};tdf !*=@ k|ltzt tna s6f}tL
u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . tna s6f}tL ug]{df xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6, oftfoft tyf e08f/0f / lzIff If]q
cuf8L /x]sf 5g\ . o:t}, 7"nf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] cGosf] t'ngfdf w]/} tna s6f}tL u/]sf] b]lvPsf]
5.
13. ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] aGbfaGbLkZrft\ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf kms{g cf};tdf sl/a (
dlxgf nfUg] atfPsf 5g\ . xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]06 If]qnfO{ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf kms{g !# dlxgf nfUg]
b]lvPsf] 5 . *@=# k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] aGbfaGbLkZrft\ clxn]s} Joj;fonfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbg] b]lvPsf] ePtfklg s]xLn] Joj;fo laqmL jf aGb ug{ rfx]sf] ;d]t b]lvPsf] 5 .
14. ;j]{If0f cjlwsf] ;dflKt ;Dddf 5'6 k|fKt ug{ of]Uo ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?dWo] sl/a @)
k|ltztn] g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] lgb]{zg cg';f/sf] Aofh 5'6 k|fKt u/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . ^(=( k|ltzt
pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfly{s jif{ @)&&÷&* sf] ah]6df Joj:yf u/] cg';f/ %
k|ltzt Aofhb/df shf{ k|fKt ePdf sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/sf] /f]huf/LnfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf lg/Gt/tf lbg ;Sg]
atfPsf 5g\ .
15. aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?nfO{ ;~rfng vr{ Joxf]g{ rfn' k"FhLsf]
cefj, pTkfbgsf] laqmL ljt/0fdf sl7gfO / ahf/df dfusf] sdLh:tf ;d:of /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
16. aGbfaGbLkZrft\ ljQLo ;fwg kl/rfngsf nflu a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 C0f lng], sd{rf/L÷
tna s6f}tL u/L vr{ 36fpg], ;xsf/L ;+:yfaf6 C0f lng] / gofF nufgL ;fem]bf/ vf]Hg] h:tf
;f]rdf ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox? /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
17. ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfoaf6 Aofhb/df ;x''lnot, nlrnf] ls:tf
-Aofh / ;fFjf_ e'QmfgL ;'ljwf, cfos/df ;x'lnot, rfn' kF"hLsf lglDt yk C0f ;'ljwf / C0f
cjlw nDAofpg] ;'ljwfsf] ck]Iff u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

2
 kl/R5]b ! M kl/ro

cWoogsf] k[i7e"ld
1.1 ljZje/ dxfdf/Lsf] ?kdf km}lnPsf] sf]le8–!( k|sf]kn] cgk]lIft dfgjLo Pjd\ cfly{s Iflt l;h{gf
u/]sf] 5 . ck|Toflzt ¿kdf cfOk/]sf] dxfdf/Lsf sf/0f :jf:Yo ;+s6 dfq geO{ cfly{s ;+s6af6
;d]t ljZj u'lh|g' kg]{ ePsf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o d'b|f sf]ifn] h'g @)@) df u/]sf] k|If]k0f cg';f/ ;g\
@)@) df ljZjsf] s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg $=( k|ltztn] ;+s'rg x'g] b]lvPsf] 5 . oBlk sf]le8–!(
sf] ;+qmd0f / o;sf] c;/ s'g xb;Dd hfG5 clxn] g} olsg ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . o;y{,
dxfdf/Ln] ljZj cy{tGqdf kfg]{ k|efj k|f/lDes cfsngsf] t'ngfdf cem a9L x'g;Sg] b]lvG5 .
1.2 sf]le8–!( k|sf]kaf6 ljZj cy{tGq;Fu} g]kfnsf] cy{tGq klg k|efljt ePsf] 5 . dxfdf/Lsf]
;3gtf sd ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)&^ r}t !! af6 b]zJofkL?kdf aGbfaGbL 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] .
o; qmddf @)&& h]7 d;fGt;Dd cfwf/e"t afx]ssf cfly{s lqmofsnfkx? aGb /x]sf lyP . @)&&
c;f/ ! b]lv aGbfaGbL v's'nf] ul/Ptfklg cfly{s lqmofsnfkx? k"0f{ ?kdf ;~rfngdf cfpg
;s]sf 5}gg\ .
1.3 aGbfaGbLsf sf/0f cfly{s jif{ @)&^÷&& df @=@* k|ltzt dfq cfly{s j[l4 xfl;n x'g] s]Gb|Lo
tYofÍ ljefusf] cg'dfg 5 . s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf pkIf]qx?dWo] vfgL tyf pTvgg,
pTkfbgd"ns pBf]u, xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]06 / oftfoft, e08f/0f tyf ;~rf/ If]qsf] j[l 4b/ gsf/fTds
/xg] cg'dfg 5 .
1.4 sf]le8–!( n] g]kfnsf]] cy{tGqdf kf/]sf] c;/ / To;nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ cjnDag ug'{kg]{ gLltut
Joj:yfaf/] ;'emfj k]z ug{ ljleGg sfo{bn u7g eO{ cWoogx? ePsf 5g\ . pQm cWoogx?
låtLos tYofÍ tyf cGt/f{li6«o cEof; Pjd\ af}l4s tyf ljj]szLn cfsngdf cfwfl/t 5g\ .
sf]le8—!( n] cy{tGqdf kfg]{ k|efjnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ljleGg cWoog k|ltj]bgx?nfO{ cfwf/ dfGb}
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ah]6 jQmJo / o; a}+ssf ljleGg kl/kqdfkm{t cfly{s, df}lb|s tyf ljQLo
;x'lnotsf sfo{qmdx?sf] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf 5g\ .
1.5 cy{tGqsf ljleGg If]q tyf pBf]u÷Joj;fodf k/]sf] k|efj tyf cfly{s Ifltsf] cfsng ug{
k|fylds tYofÍdf cfwfl/t ;"Id cWoog ug'{ ;fGble{s b]lvPsf]n] of] ;j]{If0f ul/Psf] 5 .
cy{tGqsf ljleGg If]qdf k/]sf k|efjsf] j:t'ut cg'dfg nufpg k|fylds tYofÍ dxTjk"0f{ /xg]
ub{5 . ljif]zu/L aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ljleGg If]qsf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] s] s:tf ;d:ofx?
ef]Ug'k¥of], ;fdfGo ;doeGbf pTkfbg tyf sf/f]af/df s] slt c;/ k¥of], o; cjlwdf s'g If]qdf
slt dflg;x?n] cfˆgf] /f]huf/L jf cfo u'dfpg' k¥of] tyf aGbfaGbL /lx/x] s] slt ;do;Dd
pBf]u÷Joj;fo ;~rfng x'g ;S5g\ eGg] kIfx?sf] ljZn]if0f cfjZos /xg] ub{5 . dxfdf/LkZrft\
;d:ofdf /x]sf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?nfO{ ;fdfGo?kdf ;~rfngdf cfpg slt ;do nfU5, Joj;fo
;~rfngsf nflu pgLx?n] cfly{s ;|f]tsf] Joj:yfkg s] s;/L ug{ ;S5g\ tyf ;/sf/ Pjd\ o;
a}+saf6 pgLx?n] s] s:tf] /fxt tyf ;x'lnotsf] ck]Iff /fv]sf 5g\ h:tf ljifox?df pgLx?sf]
 wf/0ff a'e\mg cfjZos b]lvPsf] ;Gbe{df of] ;j]{If0f ul/Psf] 5 . o; ;j]{If0fdf lgDg k|Zgx?nfO{
d'Vo cg';Gwfg k|Zgsf] ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 M
 dxfdf/Ln] cy{tGqsf ljleGg If]qx?df s] s:tf] k|efj kf/]sf] 5 <
 pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] k"FhL ;+/rgf s:tf] /x]sf] 5 <
 aGbfaGbLkZrft\ pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] ;~rfng tyf ljQLo /0fgLltx? s:tf /x]sf 5g\ <
cWoogsf p2]Zox?
1.6 pk/f]Qm cg';Gwfg k|Zgx?sf] cfwf/df o; cWoogsf p2]Zox? lgDg /x]sf 5g\ M
 sf]le8–!( k|sf]k lgoGq0fsf nflu ul/Psf] aGbfaGbLaf6 cy{tGqsf ljleGg If]qx?df k/]sf]
k|efj cfsng ug]{ .
 pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] k"FhL ;+/rgf klxrfg ug]{ .
 aGbfaGbLkZrft\ pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] ;~rfng tyf ljQLo of]hgf klxrfg ug]{ .
cWoog ljlw
1.7 o; cWoogdf k|fylds tYofÍ tyf ;"rgf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . tYofÍ tyf ;"rgf ;+sng ug{
k|ZgfjnLdf cfwfl/t u'un kmd{dfkm{t cgnfOg (Online) ;j]{If0f ljlw ckgfOPsf] 5 .
1.8 Andrews, Nonnecke / Preece -@))#_ sf cg';f/ j]adf cfwfl/t ;j]{If0f Od]n ;j]{If0f eGbf
/fd|f] x'g] ub{5 . j]adf cfwfl/t ;j]{If0fdf ;Defljt pQ/bftf klxrfg u/L Od]nsf dfWodaf6
;j]{If0f ubf{ ;xeflutf k|efjsf/L x'g] pgLx?sf] lgZsif{ /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L, Evans / Mathur
-@)!%_ sf cg';f/ cgnfOg ;j]{If0fdf 5l/tf]kgf, w]/} gd'gfdf rfF8f] k'Ug ;xhtf, nlrnf]kgf,
tYofÍ ljZn]if0fdf ;xhtf, sd vlr{nf], cg'udg ug{ ;lhnf] nufotsf kmfObfx? x'g] ub{5 .
1.9 g]kfn:t/Lo cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f (NSIC) n] cy{tGqnfO{ @! v08df juL{s/0f u/]sf] 5 . pQm
juL{s/0fn] ;d]6]sfdWo] ;fj{hlgs k|zf;g tyf ;'/Iff, clgjfo{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff;DaGwL
lqmofsnfkx?, /f]huf/bftfsf ?kdf 3/kl/jf/sf 3/fo;L lqmofsnfkx?, cfˆgf] k|of]usf nflu
5'6\ofpg g;lsg] ljleGg j:t' tyf ;]jfx? pTkfbg ug]{ lqmofsnfkx? / afXo ;+3;+:yf Pjd\
tLgsf cËx¿sf lqmofsnfkx? afx]ssf !* v08sf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?nfO{ /fli6«o cfly{s u0fgf
@)&% df ;d]l6Psf] 5 . o; cWoogdf pQm u0fgfdf ;d]l6PsfdWo] ljQLo tyf ladf;DaGwL
lqmofsnfkx? Affx]ssf cy{tGqsf !& v08x?nfO{ !# If]qdf -cg';"rL ! cg';f/_ ljefhg u/L
;j]{If0f ul/Psf] 5 . pQm !# If]qsf pBf]u tyf Joj;fox?nfO{ o; cWoogsf] nlIft
pQ/bftfx?sf] ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 .
1.10 ;j]{If0fsf nflu @)&& h]7 @^ ut]b]lv c;f/ !) ut];Dd k|ltlqmof ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] .
;j]{If0fdf g]kfn /fi6«« a}+s, cg';Gwfg ljefu / a}+ssf k|b]zl:yt sfof{nox?dfkm{t ;Defljt
pQ/bftfx? 5gf}6 u/L Od]ndfkm{t j]a;fO6df /x]sf] ln+s z]o/ ul/Psf] lyof] . pQ/bftfx? 5gf}6
ubf{ cfjZostfcg';f/ cy{tGqsf ;a} nlIft If]qx?nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] lyof] . o;sf ;fy}
;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] k|of]u u/]/ ;d]t ln+s z]o/ u/L ;Defljt pQ/bftf;Dd k'Ug] k|of; ul/Psf]

2
 lyof] . o;/L ;j]{If0f cjlwe/ hDdf ^&( pQ/bftfx?n] ;xeflutf hgfPsf 5g\ h;dWo] ((=@^
k|ltzt cyf{t ^&$ pQ/bftfx?sf] pQ/ dfGo /x]sf] 5 . pQ/bftfx?sf] lj:t[t ljZn]if0f kl/R5]b @
df ul/Psf] 5 .
1.11 ;j]{If0fsf] tYofÍ ljZn]if0f ubf{ /fli6«o cf};t lgsfNg] k|of]hgsf nflu /fli6«o cfly{s u0fgf, @)&%
cg';f/sf] pBf]u÷Joj;fo ;+VofnfO{ ef/fÍsf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 -cg';"rL !_ . t/ /f]huf/L
s6f}tL u0fgf k|of]hgsf nflu eg] /fli6«o cfly{s u0fgf, @)&% df plNnlvt If]qut /f]huf/L
;+VofnfO{ ef/fÍsf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 -cg';"rL @_ .
k|ltj]bgsf] 9fFrf
1.12 o; cWoog k|ltj]bgdf tLgj6f kl/R5]b /x]sf 5g\ . kl/R5]b ! df cWoogsf] k[i7e"ld, cWoogsf
p2]Zox?, s[lt ;dLIff, cWoog ljlw / k|ltj]bgsf] 9fFrf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . kl/R5]b @ df
;j]{If0faf6 k|fKt tYofÍ tyf ;"rgfsf] k|:t'tLs/0f tyf ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . kl/R5]b # df
cWoogsf] lgZsif{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

3
 kl/R5]b @ M tYofÍ k|:t'tLs/0f tyf ljZn]if0f

;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pQ/bftfx?sf] juL{s/0f

2.1 o; ;j]{If0fdf %@ lhNnfsf ^&$ pBf]]u÷Joj;fox?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 . k|b]z ! af6 ;jf{lws
@&=( k|ltzt, afudtL k|b]zaf6 @#=# k|ltzt / k|b]z % af6 @)=) k|ltzt gd'gf k|fKt ePsf
5g\ . o;}u/L, u08sL k|b]zaf6 !@=* k|ltzt, ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zaf6 &=& k|ltzt, k|b]z @ af6 &=!
k|ltzt / s0ff{nL k|b]zaf6 !=@ k|ltzt gd'gf ;+sng ul/Psf] 5 .
rf6{ ! M k|b]zut gd'gf ljj/0f -k|ltzt_

2.2 ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL JolQmut :jfldTj (Sole Proprietorship) df /x]sf pBf]]u÷Joj;fox?dWo]

clwsf+z -*!=! k|ltzt_ df k'?if :jfldTj /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . dlxnf :jfldTj /x]sf
pBf]u÷Joj;fox? !&=^ k|ltzt / cGo :jfldTj /x]sf pBf]u÷Joj;fox? !=# k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ .
rf6{ @ M lnËsf] cfwf/df ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]uL÷Joj;foL -k|ltzt_

2.3 ;j]{If0fdf cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f cg';f/ yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/af6 ;jf{lws @*=@ k|ltzt,
pTkfbgd'ns pBf]uaf6 !*=@ k|ltzt / xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6af6 !^=% k|ltzt gd'gf k|fKt ePsf

4
 5g\ . ;a}eGbf sd ljB't\, UofF; tyf kfgL If]qaf6 )=& k|ltzt / vfgL tyf pTvgg If]qaf6 )=(
k|ltztsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf !M cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0fcg';f/ gd'gf ;+Vof
cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f k|ltzt
s[lif, jg tyf dT:okfng 5.64
vfgL tyf pTvgg 0.89
pTkfbgd'ns pBf]u 18.25
ljB't\, UofF; tyf kfgL 0.74
lgdf{0f 3.56
yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/ 28.19
xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 16.47
oftfoft tyf e08f/0f 2.52
;~rf/ 1.63
l/on :6]6, ef8f tyf Jofj;flos lqmofsnfkx? 1.34
lzIff 6.97
:jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{x? 1.93
cGo If]qx? 11.87

2.4 ;j]{If0fdf bz jif{eGbf a9L cjlwb]lv ;~rfngdf /x]sf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] ;xeflutf #(

k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . # jif{ jf ;f]eGbf sd cjlw ;~rfngdf /x]sf gjk|jt{g (Startup)
pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] ;xeflutf @#=& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
Tflnsf @ M ;~rfng cjlwcg';f/ gd'gf ;+Vof
;~rfng cjlw k|ltzt ;l~rt k|ltzt
! jif{ 6.82 6.82

@ jif{ 9.05 15.88

# jif{ 7.86 23.74

$ jif{ 8.01 31.75

% jif{ 7.42 39.17

^ jif{ 4.90 44.07

& jif{ 4.90 48.96

* jif{ 4.01 52.97

( jif{ 3.41 56.38

!) jif{ 4.60 60.98

!) jif{eGbf w]/} 39.02 100.00

2.5 ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL gjk|jt{gdWo] s[lif, jg tyf dT:okfng If]qaf6 ;a}eGbf w]/} %) k|ltzt /
;a}eGbf yf]/} pBf]u / lzIff If]qaf6 ;dfg !)=^ k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L, !) jf !) jif{eGbf
a9L cjlw ;~rfngdf /x]sf pBf]u÷Joj;fodWo] lzIff If]qaf6 ;a}eGbf w]/} &@=# k|ltzt / s[lif,
jg tyf dT:okfng If]qaf6 ;a}eGbf sd !*=$ k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . ljB't\, Uof; tyf kfgL If]qsf
!) jf !) jif{eGbf w]/} jif{ ;~rfngdf /x]sf s'g} klg pBf]u÷Joj;fo ;xefuL /x]sf 5}gg\ .

5
 rf6{ # M cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f tyf ;~rfng cjlw cg';f/ gd'gf ;+Vof -k|ltzt_

0.0
31.6 18.4

23.1
33.3
35.1

35.3

40.0
37.5

41.1
50.0

59.3

63.6

72.3
80.0

46.2
33.3
29.2

34.2

25.0 35.0
24.2 34.7
33.3 16.7

52.9

27.3 9.1
50.0

10.630.1

17.0

30.8
33.3

33.3
30.6
20.0

11.8

10.6
gjk|jt{g $ b]lv ( jif{;Dd ;~rfngdf /x]sf] !) jf !) jif{ eGbf w]/} ;~rfngdf /x]sf]

2.6 ;j]{If0fdf pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/sf] cfwf/df ;jf{lws -$@=& k|ltzt_ pQ/bftf n3' pBd÷;fgf
v'›f Jofkf/ ;d"xsf /x]sf 5g\ eg] ;a}eGbf yf]/} -$=# k|ltzt_ pQ/bftf 7"nf pBf]u ;d"xsf /x]sf
5g\ . To;}u/L, @#=# k|ltzt ;fgf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?, @!=& k|ltzt 3/]n' pBf]u / * k|ltzt
demf}nf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 .
rf6{ $ M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ gd'gf ;+Vof

shf{ ;DklQ cg'kft

2.7 ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]]u÷Joj;fox?sf] shf{ ;DklQ cg'kft (Debt to Total Asset Ratio)
cf};tdf $*=& k|ltzt /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . l/on :6]6, ef8f tyf Jofj;flos lqmofsnfk If]qdf
o:tf] cg'kft ;a}eGbf w]/} ^)=! k|ltzt / ;~rf/ If]qdf ;a}eGbf sd #&=% k|ltzt /x]sf] kfOPsf]
5.

6
 rf6{ % M cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0fcg';f/ shf{ ;DklQ cg'kft -k|ltzt_

60.14
57.20
51.57 50.00 50.73 51.25 49.94 50.27 48.65
43.00 45.08
38.54 39.92
37.53

2.8 pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ cg';f/ demf}nf pBf]u÷Joj;fodf ;a}eGbf w]/} -%%=( k|ltzt_ / 3/]n'
pBf]udf ;a}eGbf sd -$@=# k|ltzt_ shf{ ;DklQ cg'kft /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . 3/]n' pBf]u / ;fgf
pBf]u÷Joj;fox?df o:tf] cg'kft /fli6«o cf};teGbf sd / afFsLdf cf};teGbf w]/} /x]sf] kfOPsf]
5.
tflnsf # M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ shf{ ;DklQ cg'kft -k|ltzt_
pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ shf{ ;DklQ cg'kft
3/]n' pBf]u 42.29

n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ 49.12

;fgf -¿= !% s/f]8;Dd l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 47.98

demf}nf -¿= !%–%) s/f]8;Dd l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 55.94

7"nf -¿= %) s/f]8 dfly l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 49.64

/fli6«o cf};t 48.65

vr{ ;+/rgf
2.9 ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] s'n vr{df l:y/ vr{ / rfn' vr{sf] lx:;f qmdzM #&=^
k|ltzt / ^@=$ k|ltzt /x]sf] b]lvG5 . l:y/ vr{sf] lx:;f ;a}eGbf a9L -&) k|ltzt_ ljB't\, UofF;
tyf kfgL If]qdf / ;a}eGbf sd -@@=$ k|ltzt_ oftfoft tyf e08f/0f If]qdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
;f]xLcg'?k rfn' vr{sf] lx:;f ;a}eGbf a9L -&&=^ k|ltzt_ oftfoft tyf e08f/0f If]qdf /
;a}eGbf sd -#) k|ltzt_ ljB't\, UofF; tyf kfgL If]qdf /x]sf] 5 .

7
 rf6{ ^ M cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f cg';f/ rfn' / l:y/ vr{sf] c+z -k|ltzt_

2.10 n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/sf] l:y/ vr{ ;a}eGbf w]/} -#&=& k|ltzt_ / demf}nf pBf]u÷Joj;fosf]
;a}eGbf sd -#)=( k|ltzt_ /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . o;}u/L, ;a}eGbf w]/} rfn' vr{ demf}nf
pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] -^(=@ k|ltzt_ / ;a}eGbf sd rfn' vr{ n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/sf] -^@=#
k|ltzt_ /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/sf] l:y/ vr{ /fli6«o cf};teGbf w]/} / rfn'
vr{ /fli6«o cf};teGbf sd /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
tflnsf $ M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ rfn' / l:y/ vr{sf] c+z -k|ltzt_
pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ l:y/ vr{ rfn' vr{
3/]n' pBf]u 33.51 66.49

n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ 37.71 62.29

;fgf -¿=!% s/f]8;Dd l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 34.80 65.20

demf}nf -¿= !%–%) s/f]8 ;Dd l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 30.85 69.15

7"nf -¿= %) s/f]8 dfly l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 36.76 63.24

/fli6«o cf};t 37.59 62.41

shf{sf] ;|f]t
2.11 ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuLdWo] &@=( k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] jfl0fHo a}+s, ljsf; a}+s / ljQ
sDkgLaf6 shf{ lnPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}u/L, sl/a !=#% k|ltztn] n3'ljQ ljQLo ;+:yfaf6,
*=^% k|ltztn] art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfaf6 / %=!% k|ltztn] cGo >f]taf6 shf{ lnPsf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . shf{ glnPsf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] ;+Vof !!=(% k|ltzt /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . s[lif, jg
tyf dT:okfng, vfgL tyf pTvgg, pTkfbgd'ns pBf]u, ljB't\ UofF; tyf kfgL, lgdf{0f, xf]6n
tyf /]i6'/]G6, lzIff / :jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{x?sf If]qdf /fli6«o cf};teGbf a9L k|ltztn] a}+s
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 shf{ lnPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

8
 tflnsf % M cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0fcg';f/ shf{ ;|f]t 5gf}6 -k|ltzt_
jfl0fHo a}+s,
n3'ljQ ;xsf/L
cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f ljsf; a}+s / cGo glnPsf]
ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yf
ljQ sDkgL
s[lif, jg tyf dT:okfng 78.95 0.00 7.89 7.89 5.26

vfgL tyf pTvgg 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

pTkfbgd'ns pBf]u 87.80 1.63 3.25 3.25 4.07

ljB't\, UofF; tyf kfgL 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

lgdf{0f 83.33 0.00 4.17 4.17 8.33

yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/ 68.95 2.11 10.53 5.26 13.16

xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 86.49 0.00 6.31 0.90 6.31

oftfoft tyf e08f/0f 52.94 0.00 17.65 5.88 23.53

;~rf/ 27.27 0.00 18.18 27.27 27.27

l/on :6]6, ef8f tyf 55.56 0.00 0.00 22.22 22.22
Jofj;flos lqmofsnfkx?
lzIff 76.60 0.00 2.13 10.64 10.64

:jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{x? 84.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.38

cGo If]qx? 48.75 0.00 13.75 11.25 26.25

/fli6«o cf};t 72.90 1.35 8.65 5.15 11.95

2.12 ;fgf, demf}nf / 7"nf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] jfl0fHo a}+s, ljsf; a}+s / ljQ sDkgLaf6 3/]n' / n3'
pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/sf] t'ngfdf w]/} sf/f]af/ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . n3'ljQ ljQLo ;+:yf, ;xsf/L
;+:yf / cGo ;|f]taf6 shf{ lng]df eg] 3/]n' / n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ w]/} /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
Tflnsf ^ M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ shf{ ;|f]t 5gf}6 -k|ltzt_
jfl0fHo a}+s,
n3'ljQ ;xsf/L
pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ ljsf; a}+s / cGo glnPsf]
ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yf
ljQ sDkgL
3/]n' pBf]u 65.07 0.68 10.27 9.59 14.38

n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ 67.71 1.74 10.07 7.29 13.19

;fgf -¿= !% s/f]8;Dd l:y/ 85.35 0.00 1.91 1.91 10.83
k"FhL ePsf]_
demf}nf -¿= !%–%) s/f]8;Dd 92.59 0.00 7.41 0.00 0.00
l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_
7"nf -¿= %) s/f]8 dfly l:y/ 86.21 0.00 3.45 3.45 6.90
k"FhL ePsf]_
/fli6«o cf};t 72.90 1.35 8.65 5.15 11.95

aGbfaGbL cjlwdf pBf]u÷Joj;fo ;~rfngsf] cj:yf

2.13 aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?dWo] $ k|ltzt k"0f{?kdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf],
#% k|ltzt cf+lzs?kdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf] / ^! k|ltzt k"0f{?kdf aGb /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . cGo
If]qsf] t'ngfdf s[lif, jg tyf dT:okfng, ;~rf/ / :jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{ If]qsf w]/}
9
 pBf]u÷Joj;fox? k"0f{?kdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf b]lvPsf 5g\ . o;}u/L, :jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{,
vfgL tyf pTvgg, pTkfbgd"ns pBf]u, ljB't\ UofF; tyf kfgL, s[lif jg tyf dT:okfng If]qsf
cfwf eGbf a9L pBf]u÷Joj;fox? cf+lzs?kdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . lzIff, xf]6n tyf
/]i6'/]G6, l/on :6]6, ef8f tyf Jofj;flos lqmofsnfkx?, cGo If]qx? / oftfoft tyf e08f/0f
If]qsf clwsf+z pBf]u÷Joj;fox? eg] ;f] cjlwe/ ;~rfngdf g/x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
tflnsf & M cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0fcg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf Joj;fo ;~rfng cj:yf -k|ltzt_
cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f k"0f{ ;~rfng cf+lzs ;~rfng ;~rfng x'g g;s]sf]]
s[lif, jg tyf dT:okfng 31.58 52.63 15.79
vfgL tyf pTvgg 16.67 66.67 16.67
pTkfbgd"ns pBf]u 5.69 60.16 34.15
ljB't\, UofF; tyf kfgL 0.00 60.00 40.00
lgdf{0f 4.17 37.50 58.33
yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/ 2.11 40.00 57.89
xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 1.80 7.21 90.99
oftfoft tyf e08f/0f 0.00 23.53 76.47
;~rf/ 27.27 45.45 27.27
l/on :6]6, ef8f tyf Jofj;flos 0.00 11.11 88.89
lqmofsnfkx?
lzIff 0.00 4.26 95.74
:jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{x? 23.08 69.23 7.69
cGo If]qx? 6.25 15.00 78.75
/fli6«o cf};t 4.05 34.92 61.03

2.14 aGbfaGbL cjlwdf 7"nf / demf}}nf pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] t'ngfdf 3/]n' pBf]u, n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f
Jofkf/ / ;fgf pBf]u÷Joj;fox? a9L k|efljt /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ;f] cjlwdf pBf]u÷Joj;fo
;~rfng gug]{ 3/]n' pBf]u, n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ / ;fgf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] lx:;f
/fli6«o cf};teGbf w]/} /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
tflnsf *M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf Joj;fo ;~rfng cj:yf -k|ltzt_
;~rfng x'g
pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ k"0f{ ;~rfng cf+lzs ;~rfng
g;s]sf]]
3/]n' pBf]u 2.74 33.56 63.70
n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ 5.90 32.29 61.81
;fgf -¿= !% s/f]8;Dd l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 7.64 28.66 63.69
demf}nf -¿= !%–%) s/f]8;Dd l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 5.56 50.00 44.44
7"nf -¿= %) s/f]8 dfly l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 6.90 44.83 48.28
/fli6«o cf};t 4.05 34.92 61.03

aGbfaGbL cjlwdf pTkfbg÷sf/f]af/sf] cj:yf

2.15 aGbfaGbL] cjlwdf ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?dWo] (^=& k|ltztn] ;fdfGo cj:yfsf]
t'ngfdf cf};tdf &#=* k|ltzt pTkfbg÷sf/f]af/ 36]sf] hgfPsf 5g\ . ;xefuLdWo] )=( k|ltzt
pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] pTkfbg÷sf/f]af/ !%=$ k|ltztn] a9]sf] / @=$ k|ltztsf] pTkfbg÷sf/f]af/
oyfl:yltdf /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
10
 tflnsf ( M aGbfaGbL cjlwdf pTkfbg÷sf/f]af/sf] cj:yf -cf}Bf]lus ju{L{s/0fcg';f/_
36]sf] hgfpg] a9]sf] hgfpg]] oyfl:yltdf
/x]sf]
cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f cf};t cf};t hgfpg]sf]
;+Vof ;+Vof
dfqf dfqf ;+Vof
-k|ltzt_ -k|ltzt_
-k|ltzt_ -k|ltzt_ -k|ltzt_
s[lif jg tyf dT:okfng 89.47 46.85 0.00 - 10.53
vfgL tyf pTvgg 100.00 60.00 0.00 - 0.00
pTkfbgd"ns pBf]u 95.12 62.21 1.63 22.50 3.25
ljB't\, UofF; tyf kfgL 40.00 90.00 0.00 - 60.00
lgdf{0f 91.67 67.55 4.17 36.00 4.17
yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/ 97.37 70.60 1.05 22.50 1.58
xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 99.10 93.71 0.00 - 0.90
oftfoft tyf e08f/0f 100.00 84.28 0.00 - 0.00
;~rf/ 90.91 73.50 0.00 - 9.09
l/on :6]6, ef8f tyf Jofj;flos 100.00 87.78 0.00 - 0.00
lqmofsnfkx?
lzIff 100.00 81.66 0.00 - 0.00
:jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{x? 92.31 64.17 0.00 - 7.69
cGo If]qx? 95.00 82.43 1.25 5.00 3.75
/fli6«o cf};t 96.71 73.80 0.88 15.44 2.42

2.16 aGbfaGbL cjlwdf (&=# k|ltzt 3/]n' pBf]usf] cf};tdf &# k|ltztn], (&=@ k|ltzt n3'
pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/sf] cf};tdf &%=# k|ltztn], (%=% k|ltzt ;fgf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf]
cf};tdf &^=^ k|ltztn], (@=^ k|ltzt demf}nf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] cf};tdf ^(=! k|ltztn] /
*^=@ k|ltzt 7"nf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] cf};tdf ^*=% k|ltztn] pTkfbg÷sf/f]af/ 36]sf] kfOPsf]
5 . ;f] cjlwdf pTkfbg÷sf/f]af/ a9\g] / oyfl:yltdf /xg] b'a}df demf}nf / 7"nf
pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] lx:;f /fli6«o cf};teGbf a9L /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
tflnsf !) M aGbfaGbL cjlwdf pTkfbg÷sf/f]af/ cj:yf -pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/_
36]sf] hgfpg] a9]sf] hgfpg]] oyfl:yltdf
cf};t cf};t /x]sf]
pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ ;+Vof ;+Vof
dfqf dfqf hgfpg]sf]
-k|ltzt_ -k|ltzt_ ;+Vof -k|ltzt_
-k|ltzt_ -k|ltzt_
3/]n' pBf]u 97.26 72.99 1.37 28.00 1.37
n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ 97.22 75.26 0.69 15.00 2.08
;fgf -¿= !% s/f]8;Dd l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 95.54 76.60 0.00 - 4.46
demf}nf -¿= !%–%) s/f]8 ;Dd l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 92.59 69.14 1.85 35.00 5.56
7"nf -¿= %) s/f]8 dfly l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 86.21 68.45 3.45 10.00 10.34
/fli6«o cf};t 96.71 73.80 0.88 15.44 2.42

aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ljB't\ vktsf] cj:yf

2.17 aGbfaGbL cjlwdf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] cf};t lah'nL vkt pNn]Vo dfqfdf 36]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?dWo] $^=^ k|ltztn] klxn]sf] eGbf &% k|ltzt;Dd sd, !(=@
k|ltztn] klxn]sf] eGbf %) k|ltzt;Dd sd / !*=! k|ltztn] klxn]sf] eGbf @% k|ltzt;Dd sd

11
 lah'nL vkt u/]sf] hgfPsf 5g\ . ;xefuLdWo] !#=% k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] lah'nL vkt
klxn]sf] h:t} /x]sf] / @=^ k|ltztsf] lah'nL vkt a9]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
tflnsf !! M cf}Bf]lus ju{L{s/0fcg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf cf};t lah'nL vkt -k|ltzt_
klxn]sf] eGbf klxn]sf] eGbf
klxn]sf] eGbf
%) @% klxn]sf] klxn]sf]
cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f &% k|ltzt;Dd
k|ltzt;Dd k|ltzt;Dd h:t} eGbf a9L
sd
sd sd
s[lif, jg tyf dT:okfng 10.53 18.42 15.79 52.63 2.63
vfgL tyf pTvgg 66.67 16.67 16.67 0.00 0.00
pTkfbgd'ns pBf]u 38.46 32.48 19.66 7.69 1.71
ljB't\, UofF; tyf kfgL 60.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00
lgdf{0f 43.48 8.70 21.74 17.39 8.70
yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/ 46.20 15.76 19.02 16.30 2.72
xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 48.18 27.27 22.73 0.91 0.91
oftfoft tyf e08f/0f 81.25 0.00 12.50 6.25 0.00
;~rf/ 27.27 0.00 27.27 36.36 9.09
l/on :6]6, ef8f tyf 44.44 33.33 11.11 11.11 0.00
Jofj;flos lqmofsnfkx?
lzIff 67.39 21.74 8.70 2.17 0.00
:jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{x? 30.77 0.00 23.08 30.77 15.38
cGo If]qx? 60.76 16.46 6.33 12.66 3.80
/fli6«o cf};t 46.60 19.22 18.11 13.47 2.59

2.18 pBf]u Joj;fosf] cfsf/ cg';f/ x]bf{ klxn]sf] eGbf &% k|ltzt;Dd lah'nL vktdf lu/fj6 cfPsf]
hgfpg]df cGosf] t'ngfdf 7"nf pBf]u÷Joj;fo -%#=%& k|ltzt_ w]/} /x]sf 5g\ . cGo cfsf/sf
pBf]ux?sf] klg lah'nL vktdf nueu p:t} lu/fj6 cfPsf] b]lvG5 .
tflnsf !@ MpBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf cf};t lah'nL vkt -k|ltzt_
klxn]sf] klxn]sf] klxn]sf]
eGbf &% eGbf %) eGbf @% klxn]sf] klxn]sf]
pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/
k|ltzt;Dd k|ltzt;Dd k|ltzt;Dd h:t} eGbf a9L
sd sd sd
3/]n' pBf]u 49.29 17.14 18.57 12.86 2.14
n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ 45.91 19.93 14.95 16.01 3.20
;fgf -¿=!% s/f]8;Dd l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 49.35 20.13 18.83 11.04 0.65
demf}nf -¿= !%–%) s/f]8;Dd l:y/ k"FhL 33.33 33.33 20.37 7.41 5.56
ePsf]_
7"nf -¿= %) s/f]8 dfly l:y/ k"FhL 53.57 14.29 21.43 7.14 3.57
ePsf]_
/fli6«o cf};t 46.60 19.22 18.11 13.47 2.59

aGbfaGbL cjlwdf sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tLsf] cj:yf

2.19 aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] d'n'se/ em08} Ps rf}yfO -@@=%
k|ltzt_ sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tL u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . s6f}tL ePsf dWo] b'O{ ltxfOeGbf a9L -&)=^
k|ltzt_ c:yfoL÷s/f/sf sfdbf/ /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 If]qn] ;a}eGbf w]/} -$)
k|ltzt_ sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tL u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 h;df %*=@ k|ltzt c:yfoL sfdbf/ /x]sf
5g\ . lzIff If]qdf ;a}eGbf sd -%=^ k|ltzt_ sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tL u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

12
 tflnsf !# M cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0fcg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf
sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tLsf] cj:yf -k|ltzt_
s6f}tL ePsfdWo]
cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tL
c:yfoL÷s/f/sf] lx:;f
s[lif, jg tyf dT:okfng 21.35 80.19
vfgL tyf pTvgg 16.67 75.00
pTkfbgd"ns pBf]u 23.49 64.08
ljB't\, UofF; tyf kfgL 39.71 44.09
lgdf{0f 23.67 78.50
yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/ 24.86 67.61
xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 40.08 58.19
oftfoft tyf e08f/0f 18.29 91.67
;~rf/ 21.31 64.20
l/on :6]6, ef8f tyf Jofj;flos lqmofsnfkx? 18.75 50.00
lzIff 5.60 88.33
:jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{x? 15.00 94.00
cGo If]qx? 24.90 60.43
/fli6«o cf};t 22.50 70.59

2.20 3/]n' pBf]u / n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/x?n] aGbfaGbL cjlwdf /fli6«o cf};teGbf w]/}
sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tL u/sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ;a}eGbf w]/} sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tL ug]{df 3/]n'
pBf]u -#)=% k|ltzt_ / ;a}eGbf sd sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tL ug]{df 7"nf pBf]u -!$ k|ltzt_
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . s6f}tL ePsfdWo] c:yfoL sfdbf/ w]/} s6f}tL ug]{df n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ /
:yfoL sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ w]/} s6f}tL ug]{df 7"nf pBf]u÷Joj;fo cu|:yfgdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
tflnsf !$ MpBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/
s6f}tLsf] cj:yf -k|ltzt_

s6f}tL ePsfdWo]
pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tL
c:yfoL÷s/f/sf] lx:;f

3/]n' pBf]u 30.52 64.52

n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ 27.80 73.67

;fgf -¿=!% s/f]8;Dd l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 20.96 55.93

demf}nf -¿= !%–%) s/f]8;Dd l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 16.93 60.00

7"nf -¿= %) s/f]8 dfly l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 13.98 45.00

/fli6«o cf};t 22.50 70.59

aGbfaGbL cjlwdf tna÷;'ljwfsf] cj:yf

2.21 aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] cf};tdf !*=@ k|ltztn] tna s6f}tL
u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 If]qdf ;a}eGbf w]/} -#^=$ k|ltzt_ tna s6f}tL ePsf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 If]qkl5 oftfoft tyf e08f/0f If]qdf #!=@ k|ltzt / lzIff If]qdf

13
 @!=! k|ltztn] tna s6f}tL ePsf] 5 . :jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{ If]qdf %=$ k|ltztn] tna
s6f}tL u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 eg] vfgL tyf pTvgg If]qdf tna s6f}tL ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5}g .
rf6{ & M cf}Bf]lus juL{/0fcg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf tna s6f}tLsf] cj:yf -k|ltzt_
40 36.37
35 31.46
30
25 20.6 21.06 19.97
18.89 18.19
20 15.46
15 10.46 11.08 11.5
9.34
10 5.38
5 0
0

2.22 aGbfaGbL cjlwdf 7"nf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] ;a}eGbf w]/} -@@=% k|ltzt_ / demf}nf
pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] ;a}eGbf sd -!#=^ k|ltzt_ n] tna s6f}tL u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . n3'
pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ / 7"nf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] /fli6«o cf};teGbf w]/} tna s6f}tL u/]sf]
kfOPsf] 5 .
tflnsf !%M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf tna s6f}tLsf] cj:yf -k|ltzt_
pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ tna s6f}tL
3/]n' pBf]u 17.72
n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ 19.45
;fgf -¿= !% s/f]8;Dd l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 18.14
demf}nf -¿= !%–%) s/f]8 ;Dd l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 13.58
7"nf -¿= %) s/f]8 dfly l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 22.53
/fli6«o cf};t 18.19

2.23 aGbfaGbL] cjlwdf ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL !!=@( k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/nfO{

k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwfx?df &% b]lv ztk|ltzt;Dd s6f}tL u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
pQm cjlwdf %=$* k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] %) b]lv &% k|ltzt;Dd, !)=#) k|ltztn] @%
b]lv %) k|ltzt;Dd / (=$^ k|ltztn] @% k|ltzt;Dd o:tf ;'ljwfx?df s6f}tL u/]sf] kfOPsf]
5 . eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwf s6f}tL gug]{ pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] ;+Vof ^#=$* k|ltzt /x]sf] kfOPsf]
5.

14
 tflnsf !^ M cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0fcg';f/ eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwf s6f}tLsf] cj:yf -k|ltzt_
&% b]lv zt %) b]lv &% @% b]lv %) @%
s6f}tL
cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f k|ltzt;Dd k|ltzt;Dd k|ltzt;Dd k|ltzt;Dd
gu/]sf]
s6f}tL u/]sf] s6f}tL u/]sf] s6f}tL u/]sf] s6f}tL u/]sf]
s[lif, jg tyf dT:okfng 5.26 5.26 2.63 13.16 73.68
vfgL tyf pTvgg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
pTkfbgd'ns pBf]u 6.50 3.25 8.13 8.94 73.17
ljB't\, UofF; tyf kfgL 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 80.00
lgdf{0f 4.17 4.17 12.50 12.50 66.67
yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/ 10.00 3.68 7.89 8.95 69.47
xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 16.22 14.41 23.42 9.91 36.04
oftfoft tyf e08f/0f 29.41 5.88 5.88 11.76 47.06
;~rf/ 0.00 9.09 9.09 0.00 81.82
l/on :6]6, ef8f tyf 0.00 11.11 0.00 0.00 88.89
Jofj;flos lqmofsnfkx?
lzIff 14.89 8.51 6.38 8.51 61.70
:jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{x? 15.38 0.00 7.69 15.38 61.54
cGo If]qx? 16.25 5.00 12.50 11.25 55.00
/fli6«o cf};t 11.29 5.48 10.30 9.46 63.48

2.24 aGbfaGbL cjlwdf sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/sf] eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwf s6f}tL ug{]df ;fgf
pBf]u÷Joj;fox? / n3' pBd÷;fgf v'b|f Jofkf/ cu|:yfgdf /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . zt k|ltzt;Dd
;'ljwf s6f}tL ug]{df eg] 7"nf pBf]u÷Joj;fox? cuf8L 5g\ . o:tf] ;'ljwf s6f}tL gug]{df demf}nf
pBf]ux? cufl8 5g\ .
tflnsf !& M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf eQf tyf
cGo ;'ljwf s6f}tLsf] cj:yf -k|ltzt_
&% b]lv zt %) b]lv &% @% b]lv %) @%
s6f}tL
pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ k|ltzt;Dd k|ltzt;Dd k|ltzt;Dd k|ltzt;Dd
gu/]sf]
s6f}tL u/]sf] s6f}tL u/]sf] s6f}tL u/]sf] s6f}tL u/]sf]
3/]n' pBf]u 9.59 4.79 8.90 10.96 65.75
n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ 12.15 6.60 11.11 9.03 61.11
;fgf -¿= !% s/f]8;Dd l:y/ 12.10 5.73 13.38 8.28 60.51
k"FhL ePsf]_
demf}nf -¿= !%–%) s/f]8;Dd 5.56 9.26 7.41 9.26 68.52
l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_
7"nf -¿= %) s/f]8 dfly l:y/ 17.24 3.45 3.45 13.79 62.07
k"FhL ePsf]_
/fli6«o cf};t 11.29 5.48 10.30 9.46 63.48

2.25 aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL %=& k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] aGbfaGbL cjlwdf sfd ug]{
sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/nfO{ yk ;'ljwf k|bfg u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . o:tf] ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{df ljB't\, UofF;
tyf kfgL, vfgL tyf pTvgg, s[lif, jg tyf dT:okfng / :jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{x? h:tf
If]qx? cufl8 b]lvPsf 5g\ . oftfoft tyf e08f/0f, l/on :6]6, ef8f tyf Jofj;flos
lqmofsnfkx? / lzIff If]qsf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] eg] o:tf] ;'ljwf k|bfg gu/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

15
 tflnsf !* M cf}Bf]lus ju{L{s/0fcg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf eQf tyf
cGo ;'ljwf a9fPsf] jf ga9fPsf] -k|ltzt_
@% @% b]lv %) %) b]lv &% &% b]lv zt
cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f ga9fPsf] k|ltzt;Dd k|ltzt;Dd k|ltzt;Dd k|ltzt;Dd
a9fPsf] a9fPsf]] a9fPsf]] a9fPsf]
s[lif, jg tyf dT:okfng 84.21 10.53 2.63 2.63 0.00
vfgL tyf pTvgg 83.33 16.67 0.00 0.00 0.00
pTkfbgd"ns pBf]u 89.66 7.76 1.72 0.00 0.86
ljB't\, UofF; tyf kfgL 60.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00
lgdf{0f 91.30 4.35 4.35 0.00 0.00
yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/ 95.60 2.20 1.65 0.00 0.55
xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 94.39 2.80 0.00 0.93 1.87
oftfoft tyf e08f/0f 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
;~rf/ 90.91 9.09 0.00 0.00 0.00
l/on :6]6, ef8f tyf 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Jofj;flos lqmofsnfkx?
lzIff 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
:jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{x? 84.62 15.38 0.00 0.00 0.00
cGo If]qx? 95.83 2.78 1.39 0.00 0.00
/fli6«o cf};t 94.26 3.49 1.38 0.21 0.67

2.26 aGbfaGbL cjlwdf sfd ug]{ sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/nfO{ yk ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{df cGosf] t'ngfdf 7"nf
pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] lx:;f w]/} /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . yk ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ bf];|f] / t];|f]df qmdzM
demf}nf / 3/]n' pBf]u÷Joj;fox? /x]sf 5g\ .
tflnsf !( M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ aGbfaGbL cjlwdf eQf tyf
cGo ;'ljwf a9fPsf] jf ga9fPsf] -k|ltzt_
@% @% b]lv %) %) b]lv &% &% b]lv zt
pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ ga9fPsf] k|ltzt;Dd k|ltzt;Dd k|ltzt;Dd k|ltzt;Dd
a9fPsf] a9fPsf]] a9fPsf]] a9fPsf]
3/]n' pBf]u 93.48 3.62 2.17 0.00 0.72
n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ 94.57 3.26 1.09 0.72 0.36
;fgf -¿= !% s/f]8;Dd l:y/ 94.08 4.61 1.32 0.00 0.00
k"FhL ePsf]_
demf}nf -¿= !%–%) s/f]8;Dd 90.57 7.55 0.00 0.00 1.89
l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_
7"nf -¿= %) s/f]8 dfly l:y/ 81.48 11.11 3.70 0.00 3.70
k"FhL ePsf]_
/fli6«o cf};t 94.26 3.49 1.38 0.21 0.67

pBf]u÷Joj;fonfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsg] cjlw

2.27 aGbfaGbL /lx/x] ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL @(=% k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] yk Ps dlxgf dfq cfˆgf]
pBf]u÷Joj;fonfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsg] atfPsf 5g\ . To:t}, !#=& k|ltztn] b'O{ dlxgf, @%=!
k|ltztn] tLg dlxgf, !^=^ k|ltztn] 5 dlxgf, &=& k|ltztn] Ps jif{ / &=$ k|ltztn] Ps
jif{eGbf w]/} cjlw cfˆgf] pBf]u÷Joj;fonfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsg] atfPsf 5g\ .

16
 tflnsf @) M cf}Bf]lus ju{L{s/0fcg';f/ aGbfaGbL /lx/x] Joj;fo lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsg]
;dosf] cfwf/df pBf]u÷Joj;fo -k|ltzt_
! jif{eGbf
cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f ! dlxgf @ dlxgf # dlxgf ^ dlxgf ! jif{
w]/}
s[lif, jg tyf dT:okfng 21.05 7.89 23.68 23.68 15.79 7.89
vfgL tyf pTvgg 33.33 33.33 0.00 33.33 0.00 0.00
pTkfbgd'ns pBf]u 35.77 16.26 19.51 18.70 1.63 8.13
ljB't\, UofF; tyf kfgL 60.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00
lgdf{0f 29.17 8.33 37.50 20.83 0.00 4.17
yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/ 28.95 15.79 23.68 14.74 9.47 7.37
xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 28.83 9.01 29.73 18.92 7.21 6.31
oftfoft tyf e08f/0f 41.18 17.65 35.29 0.00 5.88 0.00
;~rf/ 36.36 0.00 27.27 36.36 0.00 0.00
l/on :6]6, ef8f tyf
Jofj;flos 33.33 0.00 22.22 11.11 33.33 0.00
lqmofsnfkx?
lzIff 23.40 12.77 29.79 25.53 4.26 4.26
:jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs 23.08 0.00 38.46 7.69 7.69 23.08
sfo{x?
cGo If]qx? 31.25 11.25 28.75 16.25 5.00 7.50
/fli6«o cf};t 29.51 13.68 25.14 16.55 7.67 7.44

2.28 aGbfaGbL /lx/x] ! jif{eGbf w]/} cjlw;Dd Joj;fonfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsg] atfpg]df cGosf]
t'ngfdf demf}nf / 7"nf pBf]u÷ Joj;fox?sf] ;+Vof cln w]/} /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
tflnsf @! M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ cg';f/aGbfaGbL /lx/x] Joj;fo lg/Gt/tf
lbg ;lsg] ;dosf] cfwf/df pBf]u÷Joj;fo -k|ltzt_
! jif{eGbf
pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ ! dlxgf @ dlxgf # dlxgf ^ dlxgf ! jif{
w]/}
3/]n' pBf]u 32.88 13.01 21.23 17.81 9.59 5.48
n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ 29.17 13.54 27.78 17.36 5.56 6.60
;fgf -¿= !% s/f]8;Dd l:y/ 27.39 12.10 27.39 19.75 7.01 6.37
k"FhL ePsf]_
demf}nf -¿= !%–%) s/f]8;Dd 37.04 7.41 27.78 12.96 3.70 11.11
l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_
7"nf -¿= %) s/f]8 dfly l:y/ 31.03 13.79 17.24 20.69 6.90 10.34
k"FhL ePsf]_
/fli6«o cf};t 29.51 13.68 25.14 16.55 7.67 7.44

aGbfaGbL cjlwdf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] ef]u]sf d'Vo ;d:ofx?

2.29 aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL tLg rf}yfO eGbf a9L -&&=@ k|ltzt_ pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n]
tna÷Hofnf, 3/ef8f / a}+s ls:tf h:tf ;~rfng vr{ Joxf]g{ rfn' k"FhLsf] cefj /xg' d'Vo
;d:ofsf] ?kdf /x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . To;kl5 qmdzM pTkfbgsf] laqmL ljt/0fdf sl7gfO /
ahf/df dfusf] sdLh:tf ;d:of /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

17
 tflnsf @@ M aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ef]luPsf k|d'v kfFr ;d:ofx?
;d:of k|ltzt
;~rfng vr{ -tna Hofnf, 3/ef8f, a}+s ls:tf_ Joxf]g{ rfn' k"FhLsf] cefj 77.15
ljqmL ljt/0fdf sl7gfO 61.13
dfusf] sdL 51.78
sRrf kbfy{sf] cefj 30.27
>ldssf] cefj 25.22

Aofh 5'6 k|flKtsf] cj:yf

2.30 ;j]{If0f cjlwsf] ;dflKt;Dddf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?dWo] sl/a !&=# k|ltztn] g]kfn /fi6«
a}+ssf] lgb]{zg cg';f/sf] Aofh 5'6 k|fKt u/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . &!=^ k|ltztn] ;f] ;'ljwf k|fKt
gu/]sf] tyf !!=! k|ltztn] cfkm"nfO{ ;f] ;'ljwf nfu" gx'g] hgfPsf 5g\ . Aofh 5'6 k|fKt ug]{df
;a}eGbf w]/} #%=! k|ltzt s[lif, jg tyf dT:okfng If]qsf / ;a}eGbf sd !)=! k|ltzt cGo
If]qsf pBf]u÷Joj;fox? /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;~rf/ If]qsf s'g} klg pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] of] ;'ljwf
k|fKt gu/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . oBlk Aofh 5'6sf] q}dfl;s ;dfof]hg c;f/ d;fGtdf dfq} x'g] ePsf]n]
;j]{If0f ;dotfsf Aofh 5'6sf] oyfy{ cj:yf gcfPsf] x'g;S5 .
tflnsf @# M cf}Bf]lus ju{L{s/0fcg';f/ Aofhdf ;x'lnot k|fKt u/]÷gu/]sf] -k|ltzt_
cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f k|fKt u/]sf] k|fKt gu/]sf] nfu" gx'g]
s[lif, jg tyf dT:okfng 35.14 64.86 0.00
vfgL tyf pTvgg 16.67 83.33 0.00
pTkfbgd"ns pBf]u 19.66 70.94 9.40
ljB't\, UofF; tyf kfgL 25.00 75.00 0.00
lgdf{0f 25.00 70.83 4.17
yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/ 14.84 72.53 12.64
xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 25.93 71.30 2.78
oftfoft tyf e08f/0f 29.41 58.82 11.76
;~rf/ 0.00 63.64 36.36
l/on :6]6, ef8f tyf Jofj;flos lqmofsnfkx? 22.22 55.56 22.22
lzIff 17.02 68.09 14.89
:jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{x? 15.38 76.92 7.69
cGo If]qx? 10.13 69.62 20.25
/fli6«o cf};t 17.32 71.55 11.13

2.31 g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] lgb]{zg cg';f/sf] Aofh 5'6 k|fKt ug]{df ;fgf / demf}nf pBf]u÷Joj;fo
;a}eGbf cuf8L 5g\ .
tflnsf @$ M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ Aofhdf ;x'lnot k|fKt u/]÷gu/]sf] -k|ltzt_
pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ k|fKt u/]sf] k|fKt gu/]sf] nfu" gx'g]
3/]n' pBf]u 18.12 67.39 14.49
n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ 14.74 74.74 10.53
;fgf -¿= !% s/f]8;Dd l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 25.33 64.00 10.67
demf}nf -¿= !%–%) s/f]8 ;Dd l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 25.93 72.22 1.852
7"nf -¿= %) s/f]8 dfly l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 18.52 70.37 11.11
/fli6«o cf};t 17.32 71.55 11.13

18
;fdfGo cj:yfdf kms{g nfUg] cjlw
2.32 ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] aGbfaGbLkZrft\ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf kms{g cf};tdf sl/a (
dlxgf nfUg] atfPsf 5g\ . ;fdfGo cj:yfdf kms{g ;a}eGbf a9L cjlw l/on :6]6, ef8f tyf
Jofj;flos lqmofsnfk If]q -!#=* dlxgf_ / xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 If]q -!#=@ dlxgf_ / ;a}eGbf sd
cjlw -%=! dlxgf_ ;~rf/ If]qdf nfUg] pQm If]qsf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] atfPsf 5g\ .
rf6{ * M cf}Bf]lus ju{L{s/0fcg';f/ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf kms{g nfUg] cjlw -dlxgf_

2.33 ;fdfGo cj:yfdf kms{g ;fgf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?nfO{ ;a}eGbf w]/} -(=% dlxgf_ / demf}nf
pBf]u÷Joj;fox?nfO{ ;a}eGbf sd -* dlxgf_ nfUg] kfOPsf] 5 . ;fdfGo cj:yfdf kms{g 3/]n'
pBf]u / demf}nf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] /fli6«o cf};teGbf sd cjlw nfUg] atfPsf 5g\ .
tflnsf @% M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf kms{g nfUg] cjlw
;fdfGo cj:yfdf
pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/
kms{g nfUg] cjlw -dlxgf_
3/]n' pBf]u 8.0

n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ 8.8

;fgf -¿= !% s/f]8;Dd l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 9.5

demf}nf -¿= !%–%) s/f]8;Dd l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 8.0

7"nf -¿= %) s/f]8 dfly l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 9.3

/fli6«o cf};t 8.6

aGbfaGbLkZrft\ Joj;fo ;~rfng of]hgf

2.34 ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL clwsf+z -*@=# k|ltzt_ pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] aGbfaGbLkZrft\ clxn]s}
Joj;fonfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] atfPsf 5g\ . sf/f]af/ 36fP/ clxn]s} Joj;fonfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg]

19
 of]hgf /x]sf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] ;+Vof $=% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 eg] gofF Joj;fo z'? ug{ rfxg] %
k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L, %=$ k|ltztn] Joj;fo ljqmL ug{ / @=* k|ltztn] aGb ug{ rfx]sf]
atfPsf 5g\ .
tflnsf @^ M cf}Bf]lus ju{L{s/0fcg';f/ aGbfaGbLkl5sf] Joj;fo ;~rfng of]hgf
lg/Gt/tf sf/f]af/ gofF Joj;fo
cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f laqmL ug]{ aGb ug]{
lbg] 36fpg] z'? ug]{
s[lif, jg tyf dT:okfng 92.11 2.63 2.63 0.00 2.63
vfgL tyf pTvgg 83.33 16.67 0.00 0.00 0.00
pTkfbgd'ns pBf]u 83.74 5.69 2.44 5.69 2.44
ljB't\, UofF; tyf kfgL 80.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
lgdf{0f 79.17 0.00 8.33 4.17 8.33
yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/ 80.00 4.74 6.84 5.79 2.63
xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 88.29 4.50 1.80 4.50 0.90
oftfoft tyf e08f/0f 64.71 0.00 17.65 5.88 11.76
;~rf/ 90.91 9.09 0.00 0.00 0.00
l/on :6]6, ef8f tyf 55.56 11.11 0.00 22.22 11.11
Jofj;flos lqmofsnfkx?
lzIff 91.49 0.00 2.13 0.00 6.38
:jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{x? 69.23 7.69 7.69 15.38 0.00
cGo If]qx? 81.25 2.50 3.75 6.25 6.25
/fli6«o cf};t 82.31 4.48 5.03 5.38 2.80

2.35 3/]n' pBf]u / n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/sf] t'ngfdf ;fgf, def}nf / 7"nf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?
aGbfaGbLkZrft\ clxn]s} Joj;fonfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] kIfdf /x]sf b]lvG5g\ .
tflnsf @& M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ aGbfaGbL kl5sf] Joj;fo ;~rfng of]hgf
lg/Gt/tf sf/f]af/ gofF Joj;fo
pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ laqmL ug]{ aGb ug]{
lbg] 36fpg] z'? ug]{
3/]n' pBf]u 81.51 5.48 6.16 3.42 3.42
n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ 78.82 3.82 5.56 6.94 4.86
;fgf -¿= !% s/f]8;Dd l:y/ k"FhL 88.54 4.46 1.27 3.18 2.55
ePsf]_
demf}nf -¿= !%–%) s/f]8;Dd 90.74 1.85 3.70 3.70 0.00
l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_
7"nf -¿= %) s/f]8 dfly l:y/ k"FhL 86.21 6.90 0.00 6.90 0.00
ePsf]_
/fli6«o cf};t 82.31 4.48 5.03 5.38 2.80

aGbfaGbLkZrft\sf] ljQLo of]hgf

2.36 aGbfaGbLkZrft\ ljQLo ;fwg kl/rfngsf nflu ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL sl/a *) k|ltzt
pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 C0f lng] atfPsf 5g\ . ljQLo >f]t Joj:yfkgsf
nflu bf];|f], t];|f] / rf}yf] ljsNksf] ?kdf qmdzM vr{ 36fpg] -sd{rf/L÷tna s6f}tL ug]{_, ;xsf/L
;+:yfaf6 C0f lng] / gofF nufgL ;fem]bf/ vf]Hg] /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

20
 tflnsf @* M aGbfaGbLkZrft\ ljQLo ;fwg kl/rfngsf k|d'v kfFr ljsNkx?
ljsNk k|ltzt
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;|:yfaf6 C0f lng] 79.97

vr{ 36fpg] -sd{rf/L÷ tna s6f}tL ug]{_ 26.41

;xsf/L ;+:yfaf6 C0f lng] 12.61

gofF nufgL ;fem]bf/ vf]Hg] 10.98

s]xL gug]{ 6.53

;x'lnotk"0f{ shf{ / /f]huf/Lsf] lg/Gt/tf

2.37 ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL sl/a &) k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfly{s jif{ @)&&÷&*
sf] ah]6df Joj:yf u/] cg';f/ % k|ltzt Aofhb/df shf{ k|fKt ePdf sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/sf]
/f]huf/LnfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsg]] atfPsf 5g\ . Ps rf}yfO{ eGbf a9L -@%=( k|ltzt_
pBf]u÷Joj;foLn] cf+lzs ?kdf dfq lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsg] atfPsf 5g\ eg] $=@ k|ltztn] ;f]
;'ljwf k|fKt u/]tfklg sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg g;lsg] atfPsf 5g\ .
tflnsf @( M cf}Bf]lus ju{L{s/0fcg';f/ ;x'lnot shf{ k|fKt u/] /f]huf/LnfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsg] jf g;lsg] -k|ltzt_
k"0f{ ?kdf cf+lzs ?kdf
cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f g;lsg]
;lsg] ;lsg]
s[lif, jg tyf dT:okfng 73.68 21.05 5.26

vfgL tyf pTvgg 100.00 0.00 0.00

pTkfbgd"ns pBf]u 79.31 15.52 5.17

ljB't\, UofF; tyf kfgL 100.00 0.00 0.00

lgdf{0f 75.00 12.50 12.50

yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/ 70.76 25.73 3.51

xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 66.06 29.36 4.59

oftfoft tyf e08f/0f 70.59 23.53 5.88

;~rf/ 45.45 45.45 9.09

l/on :6]6, ef8f tyf Jofj;flos 66.67 22.22 11.11
lqmofsnfkx?
lzIff 58.70 39.13 2.17

:jf:Yo / ;fdflhs sfo{x? 61.54 23.08 15.38

cGo If]qx? 64.10 32.05 3.85

/fli6«o cf};t 69.91 25.93 4.16

21
2.38 g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfly{s jif{ @)&&÷&* sf] ah]6df Joj:yf u/] cg';f/ % k|ltzt Aofhb/df shf{
k|fKt ePdf cfˆgf sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/nfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf lg/Gt/tf lbg;lsg]] atfpg]df demf}nf, 3/]n' /
;fgf pBf]u÷Joj;fox? qmdzM klxnf], bf];|f] / t];|f]df /x]sf 5g\ .
tflnsf #) M pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/cg';f/ ;x'lnot shf{ k|fKt u/]
/f]huf/LnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsg] jf g;lsg] -k|ltzt_
cf+lzs ?kdf k"0f{ ?kdf
pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] cfsf/ g;lsg]
;lsg] ;lsg]
3/]n' pBf]u 8.21 17.91 73.88
n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ 4.30 29.03 66.67
;fgf -¿= !% s/f]8;Dd l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 3.33 26.00 70.67
demf}nf -¿= !%–%) s/f]8 ;Dd l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 3.70 20.37 75.93
7"nf -¿= %) s/f]8 dfly l:y/ k"FhL ePsf]_ 4.00 28.00 68.00
/fli6«o cf};t 4.16 25.93 69.91

pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] ck]Iff u/]sf] ;'ljwf tyf ;xof]u

2.39 ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL b'O{ ltxfOeGbf a9L -&^ k|ltzt_ pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] Aofhb/df ;x''lnot k|fKt
ug{ rfx]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . To;kl5, qmdzM ls:tf -Aofh / ;fFjf_ e'QmfgL ;'ljwfdf ;xhLs/0f,
cfos/df ;x'lnot, rfn' kF"hLsf lglDt yk C0f ;'ljwf / C0f cjlw nDAofpg] ;'ljwf k|fKt ug{
rfx]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
tflnsf #! M pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] ck]]Iff u/]sf] ;'ljwf tyf ;xof]u
;'ljwf tyf ;xof]usf] k|sf/ k|ltzt
Aofhb/df ;x''lnot 76.0

nlrnf] ls:tf -Jofh / ;fFjf_ e'QmfgL ;'ljwf 57.9

cfos/df ;x'lnot 54.7

rfn' kF"hLsf lglDt yk C0f ;'ljwf 49.7

C0f cjlw nDAofpg] ;'ljwf 47.0

22
 kl/R5]b # M lgZsif{
lgZsif{
3.1 ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] s'n vr{df l:y/ vr{ / rfn' vr{sf] lx:;f qmdzM #&=^
k|ltzt / ^@=$ k|ltzt /x]sf] b]lvG5 . rfn' vr{sf] lx:;f clws /xg'n] laifd kl/l:yltkZrft\
pBf]u÷Joj;fox?nfO{ rfn' k"FhLsf] ;d:of x'g]tkm{ ;+s]t u5{ .
3.2 ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?dWo] &$=# k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfaf6 / *=& k|ltztn] art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfaf6 shf{ lnPsf] b]lvG5 .
3.3 aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL $ k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fo k"0f{ ?kdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf], #%
k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fo cf+lzs ?kdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf] / ^! k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fox? k"0f{?kdf
aGb /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;/L clwsf+z pBf]u÷Joj;fox? k"0f{?kdf aGb /xg'n] aGbfaGbLn]
cy{tGqdf ulx/f] c;/ kf/]sf] b]lvG5 . lzIff, xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6, l/on :6]6, ef8f tyf Jofj;flos
lqmofsnfkx? / oftfoft tyf e08f/0f If]qdf clws c;/ k/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . aGbfaGbL cjlwdf
7"nf / demf}}nf pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] t'ngfdf 3/]n' pBf]u, n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ / ;fgf
pBf]u÷Joj;fox? a9L k|efljt ePsf] ;d]t b]lvPsf] 5 .
3.4 aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] @@=% k|ltzt sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tL
u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . s6f}tL ePsf dWo] c:yfoL÷s/f/sf sfdbf/ b'O{ ltxfOeGbf w]/} /x]sf 5g\ .
xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 If]qn] ;a}eGbf w]/} sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tL u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;f] cjlwdf
3/]n' pBf]u / n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/x?n] cGosf] t'ngfdf w]/} sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/ s6f}tL
u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
3.5 aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] cf};tdf !*=@ k|ltzt tna s6f}tL
u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/nfO{ k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwfx?df
;d]t pNn]Vo ?kdf s6f}tL u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . tna s6f}tL ug]{df xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6, oftfoft
tyf e08f/0f / lzIff If]q cuf8L /x]sf 5g\ . o:t}, 7"nf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] cGosf] t'ngfdf w]/}
k|ltzt tna s6f}tL u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
3.6 aGbfaGbL] cjlwdf ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?dWo] (^=& k|ltztn] ;fdfGo cj:yfsf]
t'ngfdf cf};tdf &#=* k|ltzt pTkfbg÷sf/f]af/ 36]sf] hgfPsf 5g\ . aGbfaGbL cjlwdf *#=(
k|ltzt pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] cf};t lah'nL vkt 36\g'n] ;d]t ;f] tYonfO{ yk k'li6 ub{5 . 7"nf]
kl/df0fdf pBf]u÷Joj;fox?sf] pTkfbg÷sf/f]af/ 36\g'n] cfly{s lqmofsnfkdf pNn]Vo sdL cfPsf]
b]vfpF5 .
3.7 aGbfaGbL /lx/x] pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] cfˆgf] pBf]u÷Joj;fonfO{ nfdf] ;do lg/Gt/tf lbg g;Sg]
b]lvPsf] 5 . csf]{tkm{, ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?nfO{ aGbfaGbLkZrft\ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf
kms{g cf};tdf sl/a ( dlxgf nfUg] ;d]t b]lvPsf] 5 .

23
3.8 ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL clwsf+z pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] aGbfaGbLkZrft\ clxn]s} Joj;fonfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbg] b]lvPsf] ePtfklg s]xLn] Joj;fo laqmL jf aGb ug{ rfx]sf] ;d]t b]lvPsf] 5 . aGb ug{
rfxg]df s]xL 3/]n' pBf]u, n3' pBd÷;fgf v'›f Jofkf/ / ;fgf pBf]u÷Joj;fox? /x]sf 5g\ .
3.9 ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL clwsf+z pBf]u÷Joj;fox?n] g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfly{s jif{ @)&&÷&* sf] ah]6df
Joj:yf u/] cg';f/ % k|ltzt Aofhb/df shf{ k|fKt ePdf sd{rf/L÷sfdbf/sf] /f]huf/LnfO{ k"0f{
?kdf lg/Gt/tf lbg ;Sg] b]lvPsf] 5 .
3.10 aGbfaGbL cjlwdf ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]u÷Joj;fox?nfO{ ;~rfng vr{ Joxf]g{ rfn' k"FhLsf]
cefj, pTkfbgsf] laqmL ljt/0fdf sl7gfO / ahf/df dfusf] sdL nufotsf ;d:ofx? /x]sf]
b]lvPsf] 5 .
3.11 ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]]u÷Joj;fox?sf] shf{ ;DklQ cg'kft cf};tdf $*=& k|ltzt /x]sf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . pRr shf{ ;DklQ cg'kftn] sdhf]/ k"FhL ;+/rgfsf] cj:yfnfO{ OlËt u5{ . cy{tGqsf
clwsf+z If]qdf shf{ ;DklQ cg'kft em08} cfwf b]lvg'n] jf:tljs cy{tGqdf kg]{ gsf/fTds
k|efjsf] k|ToIf c;/ ljQLo If]q :yfloTjdf ;xh} kg{ ;Sg]tkm{ ;+s]t u5{ .
3.12 aGbfaGbLkZrft\ ljQLo ;fwg kl/rfngsf nflu a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 C0f lng],
sd{rf/L÷tna s6f}tL u/L vr{ 36fpg], ;xsf/L ;+:yfaf6 C0f lng] / gofF nufgL ;fem]bf/ vf]Hg]
h:tf ;f]rdf ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]uL÷Joj;foLx? /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
3.13 ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL pBf]uL÷Joj;foLx?n] Aofhb/df ;x''lnot, nlrnf] ls:tf -Aofh / ;fFjf_ e'QmfgL
;'ljwf, cfos/df ;x'lnot, rfn' kF"hLsf lglDt yk C0f ;'ljwf / C0fsf] efsf ;fg]{ ;'ljwf dfu
u/]sf 5g\ .

24
 ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L
Andrews, D., Nonnecke, B., & Preece, J. (2003). Conducting Research on the Internet :
Online Survey Design, Development and Implementation Guidelines. International
Journal of Human-Computer Interaction.
Central Bureau of Statistics. (July 2019). National Economic Census 2018. Kathmandu.
Central Bureau of Statistics. Nepal Standard Industrial Classification. Kathmandu.
Evans, J. R., & Mathur, A. (2015). The value of online surveys. www.emeraldinsight.com/
researchregister.

25
 cg';"rLx?
cg';"rL ! M cf}Bf]lus ju{L{s/0fcg';f/ pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] ;+Vof cfwf/df Eff/fÍ afF8kmfF8
qm=;+= NSIC cWoogdf k|of]u
cf}Bf]lus ju{Ls/0f juL{s/0f Eff/fÍ
ePsf] Eff/fÍ
1 A 0.0262 0.0267
s[lif, jg tyf dT:okfng
2 B 0.0007 0.0007
vfgL tyf pTvgg
3 C 0.1127 0.1149
pTkfbgd'ns pBf]u
4 D, E 0.0040 0.0041
ljB't\, UofF; tyf kfgL
5 F 0.0017 0.0017
lgdf{0f
6 G 0.5394 0.5501
yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/
7 I 0.1414 0.1442
xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6
8 H 0.0034 0.0035
oftfoft tyf e08f/0f
9 J 0.0030 0.0031
;~rf/
10 l/on :6]6, ef8f tyf Jofj;flos L 0.0002 0.0002
lqmofsnfkx?
11 lzIff P 0.0442 0.0451

12 Q 0.0216 0.0220
:jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{x?
13 M, N, R & S 0.0820 0.0836
cGo If]qx?©
0.9805 1.0000
hDdf
;|f]t M /fli6«o cfly{s u0fgf @)&%, s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu
gf]6 M /fli6«o cfly{s u0fgf @)&% df ePsfdWo] ljQLo tyf ladf;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx? ;dfj]z gul/Psf] .
© k]zfut, j}1flgs tyf k|fljlws lqmofsnfkx?Ù k|zf;lgs tyf ;xof]uL ;]jfsf lqmofsnfkx?Ù snf, dgf]/~hg tyf
dgf]ljgf]bÙ / cGo ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ lqmofsnfkx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf] .

26
 cg';"rL @ M cf}Bf]lus ju{L{s/0fcg';f/ /f]huf/ ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df Eff/fÍ afF8kmfF8
qm=;+= NSIC cWoogdf k|of]u
cf}Bf]lus ju{Ls/0f juL{s/0f Eff/fÍ
ePsf] Eff/fÍ
1 s[lif, jg tyf dT:okfng A 0.0330 0.0353
2 vfgL tyf pTvgg B 0.0024 0.0026
3 PTkfbgd"ns pBf]u C 0.1581 0.1689
4 ljB't\, UofF; tyf kfgL D, E 0.0109 0.0116
5 lgdf{0f F 0.0046 0.0049
6 yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/ G 0.3061 0.3271
7 xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 I 0.1073 0.1147
8 oftfoft tyf e08f/0f H 0.0062 0.0066
9 ;~rf/ J 0.0123 0.0131
10 l/on :6]6, ef8f tyf Jofj;flos L 0.0006 0.0006
lqmofsnfkx?
11 lzIff P 0.1590 0.1699

12 :jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{x? Q 0.0510 0.0545

13 cGo If]qx? M, N, R & S 0.0843 0.0901

hDdf 0.9358 1.0000

;|f]t M /fli6«o cfly{s u0fgf @)&%, s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu
gf]6 M /fli6«o cfly{s u0fgf @)&% df ePsfdWo] ljQLo tyf ladf;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx? ;dfj]z gul/Psf] .
© k]zfut, j}1flgs tyf k|fljlws lqmofsnfkx?Ù k|zf;lgs tyf ;xof]uL ;]jfsf lqmofsnfkx?Ù snf, dgf]/~hg tyf
dgf]ljgf]bÙ / cGo ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ lqmofsnfkx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf] .

27
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