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PDF Sarmiento Constitutional Law 1 Course Syllabuspdf PDF
PDF Sarmiento Constitutional Law 1 Course Syllabuspdf PDF
PDF Sarmiento Constitutional Law 1 Course Syllabuspdf PDF
A tty. R alph
alph A.
A . S armiento
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
A survey and evaluation of basic principles dealing with the structure of the Philippine Philippine
Government under the Constitution including Philippine constitutional history, the amendment
process, judicial review, the State, citizenship and the various constitutional organs and offices.
Consideration will be given to the core concepts in Constitutional Theory; judicial processes in
constitutional cases; and the power interaction within the constitutional system. Attention will
then be given to the relationships of the three main branches of government, with emphasis on
some of the powers and limitations of the executive, legislative and judicial bodies that arise
from principles of separation of powers and checks and balances.
GRADING SYSTEM:
COURSE OUTLINE:
POLITICAL LAW
LAW
Defined
Defined
* People v. Perfecto, 43 Phil. 887
* Macariola v. Asuncion, 114 SCRA 77
Ratification
Ratification
* Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 33
Constitutional Construction
Constitutional Construction
* Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil. 552
* Endencia v. David, 93 Phil. 696
* Nitafan v. Commisioner of Internal Revenue, 152 SCRA 284
Self-executing provisions
provisions
* Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, GR 122156, Feb. 3, 1997
Constitutional History
History
Pre-1935 Constitution
Schurman Commission; Taft Commission; Spooner Amendment; Philippine Bill of 1902
Jones Law of 1916; Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934
1935 Constitution
1973 Constitution
*** Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 33
1986 Snap Presidential Election
Constitution
1987 Constitution
* In re: Letter of Reynato Puno
Puno,, June 29, 1992, 210 SCRA
Effectivity of the 1987 Constitution
* De Leon v. Esguerra, 153 SCRA 602
AMENDMENT PROCESS
PROCESS
Amendmentt vs. Revision
Amendmen Revision
Procedure
1. Proposal
a. By Congress
b. By a Constitutional Convention
Theories on Position of Constitutional Convention
c. By the People thru Initiative
RA 6735
* Defensor-Santiago v. Comelec, GR 127325, March 19, 1997
2. Ratification
Doctrine of Proper Submission
* Tolentino v. Comelec, 41 SCRA 702
Presumption of Constitutionality
* Lim v. Pacquing, GR 115044, Jan. 27, 1995
*- La
Fernandez v. Torres,
Bugal-B’laan
Bugal-B’laan Tribal215 SCRA
Tribal Assn.
Assn. 489 Secretary, GR 127882, Jan. 27, 2004
v. DENR
Ripeness
* City of Los Angeles v. Lyons, 461 US 95,
95, 75 L.Ed.2d 675
Mootness
* David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR 171396, May 3, 2006
- La Bugal-B’laan
Bugal-B’laan Tribal Assn.
Tribal Assn. v. DENR Secretary, GR 127882, Dec. 1, 2004
* DeFunis v. Odegaard, 416 US 312, 4040 L.Ed.2d 164
2. Proper Party
Party
Conventional Standing
- Warth v. Seldin, 422 US 490, 45 L.Ed.2d. 343
Representative Standing
Taxpayer’s Suits
Suits
- Bayan v. Zamora, G.R. No. 138570, October 10, 2000
- Gonzales v. Narvasa, G.R. No. 140835, August 14, 2000
4. Constitutional
Constitut ional question must the very "lis mota" of the case
case
CONCEPT OF STATE
STATE
People
1. People
Citizenship
Distinguished from nationality
Modes of Acquiring citizenship
Citizens of the Philippines
** Djumantan
Moy Ya Limv.Yao v. Commissioner
Domingo, of Immigration, 41 SCRA 292
Jan. 30, 1995
Election of Philippine citizenship
Naturalization
* Republic v. De la Rosa, 232 SCRA 785
Loss of citizenship
- By naturalization in a foreign country
* Frivaldo v. Comelec, 174 SCRA 245 245
* Labo v. Comelec, 176 SCRA 1
- By express renunciation or expatriation
expatriati on
- Yu v. Defensor-Santiago, 169 SCRA 364
Suffrage
- Akbayan Youth v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147066, March 26, 2001
- Makalintal v. Comelec, GR 157013, July 10, 2003
2. Territory
Territory
Philippine Archipelago; Archipelago Doctrine; UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
3. Government
Government
Functions
Constituent vs. Ministrant
Laissez-faire vs. Welfare State
Doctrine of Parens Patriae
* Gov't. of Phil. Islands v. Monte de Piedad, 35 Phil. 728
- Cabanas v. Pilapil, 58 SCRA 94
Classification
- De Jure
- De Facto
* Lawyers League v. Aquino, GR 73748, May 22, 1986
4. Sovereignty
Sovereignty
Effects of Change in sovereignty
* People v. Perfecto, 43 Phil. 887
* Macariola v. Asuncion, 114 SCRA 77
Effects of Belligerent Occupation
Process of Suggestion
* The Holy See v. RTC, GR 101949, Dec. 1, 1994
Determination of Immunity by the Department of Foreign Affairs
* Liang v. People, G.R. No. 125865, January 28, 2000
Consent to be sued
sued
Express Consent
- Republic v. Feliciano, 148 SCRA 424
General Law
- CA 327; PD 1445; Art. Art. 2180; Act No. 3038
Special Law
* Meritt v. Gov't. of the Phil. Islands, 34 Phil. 311
Implied Consent
When State commences litigation
- Froilan v. Pan Oriental Shipping, Sept. 30, 1954
When State enters into a business contract
* USA v. Ruiz, 136 SCRA 487
4.
5. Bill of Rightscannot pass irrepealable laws
Legislature
6. Separation of Powers
Powers
Principle of Blending of Powers
Principle of Checks and Balances
* The Steel Seizure case, 343 US 579, 96 L.Ed. 1153
- Bowsher v. Synar, 478 US 714
* Senate v. Ermita (E.O.464), G.R. No. 169777
7. Non-delegation of powers
powers
- Phil. Interisland Shipping Ass'n. v. CA, GR 100481, J
Jan.
an. 22, 1997
Potestas delegata non delegare potest
Permissible Delegation
a. Tariff Powers to the President
b. Emergency Powers to the President
* First Emergency Powers cases, 84 Phil. 368
* Second Emergency Powers cases, 92 Phil. 603
c. Delegation to the People
d. Delegation to Local Government Units
e. Delegation to the Administrative Bodies
Power of Subordinate Legislation
* Miners Association v. Factoran, GR 98332, Jan. 16, 1995
Principle of Subdelegation of Powers
Doctrine of Qualified Political Agency
Act of State
State
Incorporation Clause
Conflict between municipal law and international law
* Ichong v. Hernandez, 101 Phil. 115
Civilian Supremacy
* IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000
Government to serve and protect the people
People to defend the State
Separation of Church and State
Independent Foreign Policy
Nuclear Free Philippines
Just and dynamic social order
Social Justice
Justice
*** Calalang v. Williams,
William s, 70 Phil. 726
Respect for human dignity and human rights
Fundamental Equality of men and women
Regalian Doctrine
Doctrine
- Republic v. CA, CCP Intervenor, GR 103882, Nov. 25, 1998
economy
Self-reliant and independent national economy
- Tañada v. Angara (GATT case), GR 118295,
118295, May 2, 1997
Autonomous Region
Autonomous Region
- Disomangcop v. DPWH
DPWH Secretary, GR 149848, November 25, 2004
LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT
Legislative power
Initiative, referendum and Recall
* Defensor-Santia
Defensor-Santiagogo v. Comelec, GR 127325, March 19, 1997
Indirect Initiative
- SBMA v. Comelec, Sept. 26, 1996
Recall
- Garcia v. Comelec, Oct. 5, 1993
Loss of confidence, a political question
- Evardone v. Comelec, 204 SCRA 464, 472
Senate (Composition;
Senate (Composition; Qualifications;
Qualifications; Term of office)
House of Representatives
Representatives
Composition (District Representatives; Party-list Representatives)
Party-list Representatives
Representatives
* Veterans Federation Party v. Comelec, G.R. No. 136781, October 6, 2000
* Ang Bagong Bayani-OFW Party v. Comelec, G.R. No. 1475
147589,
89, June 26, 2001
Apportionment of
Apportionment of Legislative
Legislative Districts
* Baker v. Carr, 369 US 186
* Mariano v. Comelec, 242 SCRA 211
* Montejo v. Comelec, GR 118702, Mar. 19, 1995
Gerrymandering
Doctrine of Equal Representation
Qualifications
Qualifications
* Marcos v. Comelec, 248 SCRA 300
* Aquino v. Comelec, Sept. 18,
18, 1995
Theory of legal impossibility
Natural-born
* Bengson v. HRET, G.R. No. 142840, May 7, 2001
Term of office
Privileges
Privileges
Freedom from Arrest
Parliamentary Immunity
- Eastland v. US Servicemen's Fund, 421 US 491
- Hutchinson v. Proxmire, 443 US 111
- Jimenez v. Cabangbang, 17 SCRA 714
Quorum
* Avelino v. Cuenco, 83 Phil. 17
Rules of Proceedings
- Arroyo v. De Venecia (Sin-taxes case), GR 127255, Au
Aug.
g. 14, 1997
Discipline of members
Suspension vs. Preventive Suspension
- Santiago v.v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 128055. April 18, 2001
Electoral Tribunals
Tribunals
Composition
* Bondoc v. Pineda, 201 SCRA 792
* Abbas v. Senate Electoral Tribunal, 166 SCRA 651
Powers
- Aquino v. Comelec, Sept. 18, 1995
- Sampayan v. Daza, 213 SCRA 807
Jurisdiction over Proclamation Controversy
- Caruncho v. Comelec, G.R. No. 135996, September 30, 1999
Commission on Appointments
Appointments
Composition
* Guingona v. Gonzales, 214 SCRA 789
Powers
* Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549
Powers of Congress
Congress
General Legislative Power
Limitations
Substantive Limitations
Procedural
One Bill,Limitations
one subject
- Guzman v. Comelec, G.R. No. 129118, July 19, 2000
Sufficiency of Title
* Phil. Judges Association v. Prado, GR 105371, Nov.
Nov. 11, 1993
* Chongbian v. Orbos, 245 SCRA 253
Bills that must originate exclusively from the House
* Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, GR 115455, Aug. 25, 1994
* Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, Oct. 30, 1995
Three readings on separate days
Bicameral Conference Committee
Process
Legislative Process
Approval of
of Bills
Presidential veto
Pocket veto
Item veto
- Bengzon v. Drilon, 208 SCRA 133
Power of Taxation
*** McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 US (4 Wheat, 316)
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT
President and Vice-President
Qualifications
Natural-born Citizen
* Tecson v. Comelec, G.R. No. 161434, March 3, 2004
Election
Congress as canvassing board
Supreme Court as Electoral Tribunal
* Defensor-Santiago
Defensor-Santi ago v. Ramos, PET Case no. 001, Feb. 13, 1996
Term of office
Privileges
Official
Salary residence
Presidential Immunity
Immunity
- In re: Bermudez, 145 SCRA 160
- Beltran v. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 393
- US v. Nixon, 418 US 683, 41 L.Ed.2d
L.Ed.2d 1039
- Nixon v. Fitzgerald, 457 US 731
* Clinton v. Jones, 520 US 681, May 27, 1997
* Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001
* Decision on Motion
Motion for Reconsideration, April 3, 2001
Rules on Succession
Vacancy at beginning of term
Vacancy during the term
Temporary Disability
Powers
Powers
Executive Power
* Planas v. Gil, 67 Phil. 62
* Myers, Administratrix v. United States, 272 US 52
Legislative Powers
- Municipality of San Juan v. CA, Sept. 29, 1997
- Ople v. Torres, GR 127685, July 23, 1998
Residual Powers
* Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668
Prosecution of Crimes
* Webb v. De Leon, 247 SCRA 652
Appointing Power
Discretionary power
Discretionary
- Flores v. Drilon, GR 104732, June 22, 1993
- Gordon v. Judge Santos, CA-GR Sp No. 48339, Aug. 21, 1998
- Gordon v. CA, GR 134900, Sept. 1, 1998
- Luego v. Civil Service Commission, 143 SCRA 327
Classes of Appointment
- Gaminde v. COA, G.R. No. 140335, December 13, 2000
Appointments
Appointme nts subject
subject to confirmation
confirmation of
of Commission on
on Appointments
Appointments
* Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549
- Manalo v. Sistoza, GR 107369, Aug. 11, 1999
Limitations on the Appointment Power
Power of Removal
Power of Control
Control
Control vs. Supervision
* Drilon v. Lim, GR 112497, Aug. 4, 1994
Alter-ego Principle
* Carpio or Doctrine
Doctrine
v. Executive of Qualified
Secretary, Political
Political
Feb. 14, 1992 Agency
Agency
The Executive Secretary
Military Powers
Powers
Commander-in-chief clause
- Ex Parte Milligan, 71 US 2
* David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR 171396, May 3, 2006
* Aquino v. Military Commission
Commiss ion No. 2, 63 SCRA 546
* Olaguer v. Military Commission No. 34, 150 SCRA 144
- Carpio v. Executive Secretary, supra
Pardoning Power
* People v. Salle, 250 SCRA 581, Dec. 4, 1995
* Monsanto v. Factoran, 170 SCRA 190
- Garcia v. Chairman, COA, 226 SCRA 356
Pardon vs. Amnesty
Diplomatic Power
* Dames & Moore
Moore v. Regan, 453 US 654
Treaties vs. Executive Agreements
Power to Impound
- Philconsa v. Enriquez, Aug. 19, 1994
JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT
Judicial Power
Expanded jurisdiction
Effect on the political question doctrine
Jurisdiction
- Diaz v. CA, Dec. 5, 1994
- First Lepanto Ceramics v. CA, Oct. 7, 1994
Appointment to the
Appointment the Judiciary
Procedure for Appointment
Judicial and Bar Council
Supreme Court
Court
Composition
En Banc & Division cases
Fortich v. Corona, G.R. No. 131457, August 19, 1999
Powers
Powers
Supervision over the Judiciary
- Dolalas v. Office of the Ombudsman, Dec. 24, 1996
Rule-making
Rule-makin g powers
- Maniago v. CA, 253 SCRA 674
Mandatory Review of Death Penalty Cases
- People v. Esparas, GR 120034, Aug. 20, 1996
Writ of Amparo
Equipoise Doctrine
Decisions of the Court
- Nicos Industrial Corp. v. CA, 206 SCRA 127
- Prudential Bank v. Castro, 158 SCRA 646
Tenure of Justices/Judges
- De la Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA 294
Removal and Discipline
- Maceda v. Ombudsman, GR 102781, Apr. 22, 1993
- People v. Gacott, 246 SCRA 52
Salaries
* Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil. 552
* Endencia v. David, 93 Phil. 696
* Nitafan v. Commisioner of Internal Revenue, 152 SCRA 284
2. Commission on Elections
Elections
En Banc and Division cases
- Sarmiento v. Comelec, 212 SCRA 307
Powers and Functions
- Relampagos v. Cumba, 243 SCRA 690
- Loong v. Comelec, GR 133676, Apr. 14, 1999
Exclusive Original Jurisdiction and Appellate Jurisdiction
- Guieb v. Fontanilla, 247 SCRA 348, Aug. 14, 1995
Special Registration of New Voters
- Akbayan Youth v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147066, March 26, 2001
3. Commission on Audit
Audit
- Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. COA, GR 101976, Jan. 29, 1993
Impeachment
Impeachment
Impeachable Officers
Grounds for Impeachment
Procedure
- Romulo v. Yniguez, 141 SCRA 263
Impeachment and Criminal Prosecution
* Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, M
March
arch 2, 2001
* Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3, 2001
Sandiganbayan
Sandiganbayan
Jurisdiction
- Lacson v. Executive
Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 128096, January 20, 1999
Ombudsman
Ombudsman
Supervision and control
- Acop v. Office of the Ombudsman, 248 SCRA 566
Prosecutorial Powers
- Camanag v. Guerrero, GR 121017, Feb. 17, 1997
Power to issue subpoena; Form of complaint
- Almonte v. Vasquez, 244 SCRA 266
Power to Investigate Administrative Charges
Concurrent with the Office of the President
- Hagad v. Dadole, 241 SCRA 242
Concurrent with the DOJ
- Honasan
Power to investigatev.cases
DOJ Panel of Prosecutors,
of ill-gotten GR
wealth after 159747,
Feb. Apr. 13, 2004
25, 1996
- Republic v. Sandiganbayan, Sept. 24, 24, 1994
Ombudsman for the Military
- Agbay v. Deputy Ombudsman for the Military, G.R. No. 134503, July 2, 1999
Special Prosecutor
- Zaldivar v. Gonzales, 160 SCRA 843
Sequestration
Sequestration
- Republic v. Sandiganbayan, GR 106244, Jan. 22, 1997