39

CHAPTER 3
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF EIGHT STORIES RCC BUILDING

3.1. Building Information

The proposed reinforced concrete superstructure is Special Moment- Resisting
Frame. It is eight-storeyed reinforced concrete building. The typical floor and the
elevation plan are shown in Figure 3.1 and 3.2.
According to YCDC regulations, footing edge to be at least 4ft from property
line. In this proposed building, distance from footing edge at the sides to the centre of
exterior column is taken as 4ft. It is assumed that there is enough space such
limitation do not control at the front and at the rear.
Roofing slope is 16 degree with roofing material. 2100 gallons of water tank
are to be placed located on the unroofed slab directly above the bath and water closet.
A dimension of tank on the roof slab is 4ft wide. Ground tanks are to be provided on
the mat and under the ground floor, which is 7ft depth of water (≈450 psf ) under the
stairs. RC floor slab is to be used over the ground tank area only.
Type of structure : eight-storeyed reinforced concrete building
Location : Seismic zone 4
Type of occupancy : Residential
Shape of building : Rectangular shape
Size of building : Length = 70 ft
Width = 52 ft
Height of building : Typical story height = 9.5 ft
Bottom story height = 15 ft
Total height = 81.5 ft

3.2 Material Properties of the Structure

Analysis property data
Weight per unit volume = 150 pcf
Modulus of elasticity = 3122 ksi
 40

Poisson's ratio = 0.2

Coefficient of thermal expansion = 5.5 x 10-6 in/ in per degree Fahrenheit

Design property data.

Reinforcing yield stress (fy) = 50, 000 psi
'
Concrete cylinder strength ( f c ) = 3, 000 psi
3.3. Loading
For the proposed building, gravity loads, wind loads and earthquake loads are
considered according to the UBC-97 specifications. These loads are shown in detail as
follows:
3.3.1. Dead Loads
Data for dead loads are as follows:
Unit weight of concrete = 150 pcf
1
4 2 inches thick brick wall weight = 50 psf
9 Inches thick brick wall weight = 100 psf
Superimposed dead load for wall = 20 psf
Water weight = 250 psf (considered 4ft height)
Roof and ceiling system = 10 psf
1
4 2 inches thick topping on slab = 20 psf
3.3.2. Live Loads
Data for live loads are as follows:
Live load on balcony = 60 psf
Live load on stair-case = 100 psf
Live load on floor = 40 psf
Live load on roof = 20 psf

3.3.3. Wind Load

Required data for wind loads are as follows:
Exposure type = Type C
Windward pressure coefficient = 0.8
Leeward pressure coefficient = 0.5
Wind speed = 80 mph
 41

Overall height = 81.5 ft

Effective width = 40 ft
Effective length = 69 ft
Method used = Normal Force Method
Importance factor = 1.0
3.3.4. Earthquake Load
Required data for earthquake loads are as follows:
Type of seismic zone = 4
Structural system = SMRF
Seismic zone factor, Z = 0.4
Response modification factor, R = 8.5
Seismic importance factor, I = 1.0
Soil profile type = SD
Seismic response coefficient, Ca = 0.44 Na
Seismic response coefficient, Cv = 0.64 Nv
Seismic source type = B
Near source factor, Na = 1.0
Near source factor, Nv = 1.0
Numerical coefficient, Ct = 0.03
 42

52 '

20 ' 12 ' 20 '

4'

4.25' 4.25'
12 '
7' 7'

14 '

4' 4'
14 '
70 '

14 '

4' 4'

16 '

4'

9.5 ' 9.5 '

Figure 3.1. Typical Floor Plan of Proposed Building

 43

Roof slope = 16 degree

4'

9.5'

9.5'

9.5'

9.5'

9.5'

9.5'

15'

Fig 3.2 Front View of Proposed Building

Fig 3.3 Back View of Proposed Building

 44

Water tank

Fig 3.4 Section View of Proposed Building

4' height
parapet

Fig 3.5 Roof Plan of Proposed Building

 45

Fig 3.6. 3D View of Proposed Building

Fig 3.7. Ground Floor Column Layout Plan of Proposed Building

 46

Fig 3.8. Ground Beam Layout Plan of Proposed Building

Fig 3.9. Typical Beam Layout Plan of Proposed Building

 47

Fig 3.10 Ground Floor Beam Grid Layout Plan of Proposed Building

Fig 3.11 Typical Floor Beam Grid Layout Plan of Proposed Building
 48

Figure 3.12. 3-D Structural View of Proposed Building

3.4. Loading Combinations

According to the ACI 318-99, design load combinations for proposed building
in zone 4 and soil profile type SD are as follows:
(a) 1.4 DL
(b) 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
(c) 1.05 DL + 1.275 LL + 1.275 WX
(d) 1.05 DL + 1.275 LL - 1.275 WX
(e) 1.05 DL + 1.275 LL + 1.275 WY
(f) 1.05 DL + 1.275 LL - 1.275 WY
(g) 0.9 DL + 1.3 WX
(h) 0.9 DL - 1.3 WX
(i) 0.9 DL + 1.3 WY
(j) 0.9 DL - 1.3 WY
(k) 1.05 DL + 1.28 LL + EQX
(l) 1.05 DL + 1.28 LL - EQX
(m) 1.05 DL + 1.28 LL + EQY
(n) 1.05 DL + 1.28 LL - EQY
 49

(o) 0.9 DL + 1.02 EQX

(p) 0.9 DL - 1.02 EQX
(q) 0.9 DL + 1.02 EQY
(r) 0.9 DL - 1.02 EQY
(s) 1.19 DL + 1.28 LL + EQX
(t) 1.19 DL + 1.28 LL - EQX
(u) 1.19 DL + 1.28 LL + EQY
(v) 1.19 DL + 1.28 LL - EQY
(w) 0.757 DL + 1.02 EQX
(x) 0.757 DL - 1.02 EQX
(y) 0.757 DL + 1.02 EQY
(z) 0.757 DL - 1.02 EQY
where,

DL = dead load
LL = live load
WX = wind load in X-direction
WY = wind load in Y-direction
EQX = earthquake load in X-direction
EQY = earthquake load in Y-direction

3.5. Analysis and Design of Model

The proposed building is 8-storeyed reinforced concrete building and located
in seismic zone 4. The applied loads are gravity loads (dead load, live load,
superimposed dead load) and lateral loads (earthquake load, wind load). Earthquake
and wind loading data are referenced by using UBC-97. Wind exposure type B and
wind speed 80 mph are considered for proposed building. The design results for
proposed building are described in this chapter.

3.6. Design Results For Beam

Design results for beam sections are mentioned in Table 3.1 to 3.19. In this
study, main beam and secondary beam are used in ground floor and roof slab, first
floor to seventh floor beam are used only in spandrel beam( perimeter beams).
 50

Table 3.1. Beam Sections

Storey Level Location Beam Size

B7-B'7 9X9
A2-A3 10X12
A1-B1 10X14
B'6-B'7 10X16
Ground Floor
C6-C7 12X18
A'3-B3 14X20
A'8-B8 20X24
B7-B8 20X24(SHORT)
B3-C3 14X22
B'7-B'8 12X18
1st floor to 3rd floor C2-D2 14X22
A2-A3 20X24
C7-C8 22X24
B3-C3 10X14
B'7-B'8 12X18
A2-B2 14X22
4th floor to 7th floor
A7-B7 14X24
A4-A5 18X22
C7-C8 20X24
B8-C8 9X9
B7-C7 10X12
RF A'6-B6 10X14
D4-D5 12X16
B6-B7 12X18

Table 3.2. Ground Floor Beam Steel Schedule

Top Steel Bottom Steel Req;
Location Size Requirement Requirement Mid
Steel
Left Mid Right Left Mid Right

B7-B'7 9X9 2#5 2#5 2#5 2#5 2#5 2#5 0

A2-A3 10X12 3#6 2#6 3#6 2#6 2#6 2#6 0

A1-B1 10X14 4#6 2#6 4#6 2#6 2#6 2#6 2#3

B'6-B'7 10X16 2#6 2#6 2#6 2#6 2#6 2#6 0

 51

(continued Table 3.2)

C6-C7 12X18 4#6 2#6 4#6 3#6 3#6 3#6 2#4

A'3-B3 14X20 6#6 3#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4

A'8-B8 20X24 6#6 4#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#4

B7-B8 20X24 6#6 6#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#4

(SHORT)

Table 3.3. Ground Floor Beam Stirrup Schedule

Stirrup Requirement
Location Size
Left Mid Right
B7-B'7 9X9 #2 @ 4" #2 @ 4" #2 @ 4"
A2-A3 10X12 #2 @ 5" #2@ 5" #2 @ 5"
A1-B1 10X14 #2 @ 6" #2 @ 6" #2 @ 6"
B'6-B'7 10X16 #2 @ 6.5" #2 @ 6.5" #2 @ 6.5"
C6-C7 12X18 #3 @ 7.5" #3 @ 7.5" #3 @ 7.5"
A'3-B3 14X20 #3 @ 7.5" #3 @ 7.5" #3 @ 7.5"
A'8-B8 20X24 #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8"
B7-B8 20X24(SHORT
#3 @ 8" #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8"
)

Table 3.4. First Floor Beam Steel Schedule

Top Steel Bottom Steel Req;
Location Size Requirement Requirement Mid
Steel
Left Mid Right Left Mid Right

B3-C3 14X22 8#6 4#6 8#6 8#6 4#6 8#6 2#4

B'7-B'8 12X18 3#6 3#6 3#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4

C2-D2 14X22 8#6 4#6 8#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4

A2-A3 20X24 6#6 6#6 6#6 5#6 5#6 5#6 4#4

C7-C8 22X24 6#6 6#6 6#6 5#6 5#6 5#6 4#4

 52

Table 3.5. First Floor Beam Stirrup Schedule

Stirrup Requirement
Location Size
Left Mid Right
B3-C3 14X22 #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6"
B'7-B'8 12X18 #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8"
C2-D2 14X22 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
A2-A3 20X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
C7-C8 22X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"

Table 3.6. Second Floor Beam Steel Schedule

Top Steel Bottom Steel Req;
Type Size Requirement Requirement Mid
Steel
Left Mid Right Left Mid Right

B3-C3 14X22 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4

C7-C8 12X18 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 2#4

C2-D2 14X22 8#6 4#6 8#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4

A2-A3 20X24 6#6 4#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#4

C7-C8 22X24 6#6 4#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#4

Table 3.7 Second Floor Beam Stirrup Schedule

Stirrup Requirement
Location Size
Left Mid Right
B3-C3 14X22 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
B'7-B'8 12X18 #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8"
C2-D2 14X22 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
A2-A3 20X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
C7-C8 22X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"

Table 3.8. Third Floor Beam Steel Schedule

Top Steel Bottom Steel Req;
Type Size Requirement Requirement Mid
Steel
Left Mid Right Left Mid Right

B3-C3 10X14 3#5 2#5 3#5 2#5 2#5 2#5 2#4

 53

(continued Table 3.8)

C7-C8 12X18 3#5 3#5 3#5 2#5 2#5 2#5 2#4

C2-D2 14X22 6#6 6#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4

D5-D6 20X24 6#6 6#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#4

C7-C8 22X24 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 4#4

Table 3.9. Third Floor Beam Stirrup Schedule

Stirrup Requirement
Location Size
Left Mid Right
B3-C3 10X14 #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6"
C7-C8 12X18 #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8"
C2-D2 14X22 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
D5-D6 20X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
C7-C8 22X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"

Table 3.10. Fourth Floor Beam Steel Schedule

Top Steel Bottom Steel Req;
Type Size Requirement Requirement Mid
Steel
Left Mid Right Left Mid Right

B3-C3 10X14 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 2#4

B'7-B'8 12X18 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 2#4
C2-D2 14X22 6#6 6#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4
A7-B7 14X24 6#6 3#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4
A4-A5 18X24 6#6 3#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#4
C7-C8 22X24 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 4#4

Table 3.11. Fourth Floor Beam Stirrup Schedule

Stirrup Requirement
Location Size
Left Mid Right
B3-C3 10X14 #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6"
B'7-B'8 12X18 #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8"
C2-D2 14X22 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
(continued Table 3.11)
 54

A7-B7 14X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"

A4-A5 18X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
C7-C8 22X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"

Table 3.12. Fifth Floor Beam Steel Schedule

Top Steel Bottom Steel Req;
Type Size Requirement Requirement Mid
Steel
Left Mid Right Left Mid Right

B3-C3 10X14 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 2#4

B'7-B'8 12X18 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 2#4

C2-D2 14X22 6#6 3#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4

A7-B7 14X24 6#6 3#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4

A4-A5 18X24 6#6 6#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#4

C7-C8 22X24 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 4#4

Table 3.13. Fifth Floor Beam Stirrup Schedule

Stirrup Requirement
Location Size
Left Mid Right
B3-C3 10X14 #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6"
B'7-B'8 12X18 #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8"
C2-D2 14X22 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
A7-B7 14X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
A4-A5 18X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
C7-C8 22X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"

Table 3.14. Sixth Floor Beam Steel Schedule

Top Steel Bottom Steel Req;
Type Size Requirement Requirement Mid
Steel
Left Mid Right Left Mid Right

B3-C3 10X14 3#5 2#5 3#5 3#5 2#5 3#5 2#4

B'7-B'8 12X18 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 2#4

(continued Table 3.14)

 55

C2-D2 14X22 6#6 3#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4

A7-B7 14X24 6#6 3#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4

A4-A5 18X24 6#6 3#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#4

C7-C8 22X24 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 4#4

Table 3.15. Sixth Floor Beam Stirrup Schedule

Stirrup Requirement
Location Size
Left Mid Right
B3-C3 10X14 #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6"
B'7-B'8 12X18 #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8"
C2-D2 14X22 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
A7-B7 14X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
A4-A5 18X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
C7-C8 22X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"

Table 3.16. Seventh Floor Beam Steel Schedule

Top Steel Bottom Steel Req;

Type Size Requirement Requirement Mid
Steel
Left Mid Right Left Mid Right

B3-C3 10X14 3#16 3#16 3#16 3#16 3#16 3#16 2#12

B'7-B'8 12X18 2#16 2#16 2#16 3#16 3#16 3#16 2#12

A2-B2 14X22 6#18 6#18 6#18 4#18 4#18 4#18 2#12

A7-B7 14X24 4#18 4#16 4#18 3#18 3#18 3#18 2#12

A4-A5 18X22 4#18 4#18 4#18 3#18 3#18 3#18 4#12

C7-C8 20X24 4#18 4#18 4#18 4#18 4#18 4#18 4#12

Table 3.17. Seventh Floor Beam Stirrup Schedule

 56

Stirrup Requirement
Location Size
Left Mid Right
B3-C3 10X14 #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6"
B'7-B'8 12X18 #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8"
A2-B2 14X22 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
A7-B7 14X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
A4-A5 18X22 #3 @ 10" #3@ 10" #3 @ 10"
C7-C8 20X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"

Table 3.18. Roof Floor Beam Steel Schedule

Top Steel Bottom Steel Req;
Type Size Requirement Requirement Mid
Steel
Left Mid Right Left Mid Right

B8-C8 9X9 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 1#10

B7-C7 10X12 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#10

A'6-B6 10X14 4#16 4#16 4#16 3#16 3#16 3#16 2#10

D4-D5 12X16 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#10

B6-B7 12X18 4#16 4#16 4#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 3#10

Table 3.19. Roof Floor Beam Stirrup Schedule

Stirrup Requirement
Location Size
Left Mid Right
B8-C8 9X9 #2 @ 3.5" #2 @ 3.5" #2 @ 3.5"
B7-C7 10X12 #2 @ 4" #2 @ 4" #2 @ 4"
A'6-B6 10X14 #2 @ 5" #2 @ 5" #2 @ 5"
D4-D5 12X16 #3 @ 6.5" #3 @ 6.5" #3 @ 6.5"
B6-B7 12X18 #3 @ 7" #3 @ 7" #3 @ 7"

3.7. Design Results For Column

Design results for column sections are mentioned in Table 3.20. In this
building, three different column sizes are used 24x24, 22x22 and 20x20. Ground floor
to fourth floor are used 24x24 column size, fourth floor to sixth floor are used 22x22
column size and sixth floor to roof are used 20x20 column size.
Table 3.20. Column Steel Schedule
 57

Size Size Bar No. of No. of Tie Tie

Req;
Location   (in) (in) size Bars Bars size spacing
As
(x) (y) (mm) theory Pract; (mm) (in)

Gri
Level                
d
GF-1 A2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
1-2 A2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
2-3 A2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
3-4 A2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
4-5 A2 22 22 4.8 20 10 12 10 6
5-6 A2 22 22 4.8 20 10 12 10 6
6-7 A2 20 20 4 20 8 12 10 6
7-RF A2 20 20 4 20 8 12 10 6
GF-1 B2 24 24 7.96 25 10 12 10 10
1-2 B2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
2-3 B2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
3-4 B2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
4-5 B2 22 22 4.84 20 10 12 10 6
5-6 B2 22 22 4.84 20 10 12 10 6
6-7 B2 20 20 4 20 8 12 10 6
7-RF B2 20 20 4 20 8 12 10 6
GF-1 C2 24 24 7.49 25 10 12 10 10
1-2 C2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
2-3 C2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
3-4 C2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
4-5 C2 22 22 4.8 20 10 12 10 6
5-6 C2 22 22 4.8 20 10 12 10 6
6-7 C2 20 20 4 20 8 12 10 6
7-RF C2 20 20 4 20 8 12 10 6
GF-1 D2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
1-2 D2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
2-3 D2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
3-4 D2 24 24 5.76 20 10 12 10 10
4-5 D2 22 22 4.8 20 10 12 10 6
5-6 D2 22 22 4.8 20 8 12 10 6
6-7 D2 20 20 4 20 8 12 10 6
7TH-RF D2 20 20 4 25 8 12 10 6
  GF 12 12 6.97 25 8 12 10 10

3.8. Stability Check

Checking for superstructure includes;
 58

(a) Story drift

(b) Overturning moment
(c) Resistance to Sliding
(d) P-D effect and
(e) Torsional irregularity.

3.6.1 Checking for Story Drift

Storey drift shall not exceed 0.025 times the storey height for structures
having the fundamental period of less than 0.7 second. For structures having a
fundamental period of 0.7 second or greater, the storey drift shall not exceed 0.02
times the storey height.
In this structure, fundamental period t is greater than 0.7 second. Therefore,
storey drift shall not exceed 0.02 times the storey height.
ΔM = 0.7R Δs
Checking of story drift for relative storey is shown in Table 3.3.
Table 3.21. Calculation for Story Drift

Story ∆My
Story ∆Mx <0.02h ∆Limit
Height Drift X Drift Y <0.02h
Level (ft) (in) (in)
(ft) (in)
Roof 0.000685 0.000386 0.3006465 0.1694154 2.28
level 114
0.000764 0.000552 0.3353196 0.2422728 2.28
7th 114
0.000858 0.000647 0.3765762 0.2839683 2.28
6th 114
0.000988 0.000686 0.4336332 0.3010854 2.28
5th 114
0.001045 0.000718 0.4586505 0.3151302 2.28
4th 114
0.001127 0.00079 0.4946403 0.346731 2.28
3th 114
0.001245 0.001098 0.5464305 0.4819122 2.28
2nd 114
0.001477 0.001209 1.023561 0.837837 3.6
1st 180
0.000762 0.000656 0.2816352 0.2424576 1.92
GL 96

All story drifts are within the story drift limitation.

3.6.2 Checking for Overturning Moment

 59

The distribution of earthquake forces over the height of a structure causes to

experience overturning effects. The summation of moment due to the distributed
lateral forces is the overturning moment. The UBC-97 requires that every designed
structure be capable of resisting overturning effect induced by earthquake forces.

For X-direction,
Overturning moment = (Base shear ×story height) + Mt
= (396.83 × 81.5) + 259586.746
= 291928.391 kip-in
Total dead weight = 7135.58 kips
Center of mass in X-direction, YCCM = 461.012 in
Resisting moment = 0.9 × Total dead weight × YCCM
= 0.9 × 7135.58 × 461.012
= 2960629.206 kip-in

Resisting
Factor of safety = moment
Overturning
moment
2960629. 206
= 291928 .391
= 10.14 > 1.5 \Satisfied
For Y-direction,
Overturning moment = (Base shear ×story height) + Mt
= (396.83 × 81.5) + 274605.107
= 306946.752 kip-in
Center of mass in Y-direction, XCCM = 311.712 in
Resisting moment = 0.9 × Total dead weight × XCCM
= 0.9 × 7135.58 × 311.712
= 2001821.322 kip-in

Resisting
Factor of safety = moment
Overturning
moment
2001821. 322
= 306946 .752
= 6.52> 1.5 \Satisfied
 60

The structure is capable of resisting overturning effect.

3.6.3 Checking for Sliding

The ratio of the resistance due to friction to sliding force is called factor of
safety for sliding and it must be greater than 1.5. Sliding for both X and Y directions
are checked as follows;

Sliding checking for X direction        

Sliding Force, VX
Friction coefficient,µ
Total Dead Weight
Resistance due to Friction
 
= 652.22 Kips      
= 0.25 (from UBC-97 table 18.1.A)
= 7135.58 Kips      
µ x 0.9 x Total Dead
=      
Weight
= 0.25 x 0.9 x 7135.58      

Kips
  = 1605.5055      

1605.5055
Factor of safety = = 2.46 > 1.5
652.22
 
      ∴ Satisfactory
   
         

Sliding checking for Y direction        

Sliding Force, VY
Friction coefficient,µ
Total Dead Weight
Resistance due to Friction
 
 
Factor of safety
 
3.6.4. Checking for P-delta Effect
= 396.83 Kips      
= 0.25 (from UBC-97 table 18.1.A)
= 7135.58 Kips      
µ x 0.9 x Total Dead
=      
Weight
= 0.25 x 0.9 x 7135.58      
= 1605.5055 Kips      
1605.5055
= = 4.05 > 1.5
396.83
    ∴ Satisfactory
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For seismic zone 3 and 4 , according to the UBC 97, P-delta effect needs not to
be considered when the drift ratio of the building is within the limitation of 0.02xR
where R is the response modification factor.

Table 3.22. P-delta Checking

Height Storey Drift Storey Drift Limit

Storey
(in) ratio X ratio Y 0.02xR
RF 114 0.000685 0.000386 0.002352941

7th 114 0.000764 0.000552 0.002352941

6th 114 0.000858 0.000647 0.002352941

5th 114 0.000988 0.000686 0.002352941

4th 114 0.001045 0.000718 0.002352941

3th 114 0.001127 0.00079 0.002352941

2nd 114 0.001245 0.001098 0.002352941

1st 180 0.001477 0.001209 0.002352941

GL 96 0.000762 0.000656 0.002352941

All drift ratios for both directions are within the limitation and therefore P-
delta effect doesn’t need to be considering in this study.

3.6.5. Checking for Torsional Irregularities

Displacement and drift results for point 1,2 and 3 are checked for torsional
irregularities. For X direction, point 2 and 3 are checked. For Y direction, point 1
and 2 are checked. That is why, if it is checked, the building will be safe for
torsional irregularity.
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1 2

Fig 3.13. Check Point for Torsional Irregularities

For X direction,

∆ 1 = 1.0826

∆2 = 0.9569

∆ avg = 1.01975 , ∆ max = 1.0826

∆max
S.F = = 1.06 < 1.2 (Satisfactory)
∆ avg

For Y direction,

∆ 1 = 0.7565

∆2 = 0.7561

∆ avg = 0.7563, ∆ max = 0.7565

∆max
S.F = = 1.0 < 1.2 (Satisfactory)
∆ avg

Therefore, torsional irregularity does not exist in this building.