4/9/2020 List out three methods of soil conservation

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QUESTION

List out three methods of soil conservation

ANSWER

All those measures that include help in

protecting the earth from destruction and
exhaustion are known as soil conservation. In
our country, soil erosion has been continuing
over for such a long time that it has assumed
alarming proportions.

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Following methods are normally adopted

for conserving soil:

1. A orestation:
One of the best ways to conserve soil is to
increase the area under forests.
Undiscriminating trees cutting should be
stopped and e orts should be made to plant
trees in new areas. 20 to 25 per cent, as they
say, is the minimum area of forest land for the
whole country which is considered healthy for
soil and water conservation. Nevertheless, it
was raised to 33 per cent in the second ve-
year plan; the proportion being 20 per cent for
the plains and 60 per cent for hilly and
mountainous regions
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4/9/2020 List out three methods of soil conservation
mountainous regions.
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2. Checking Overgrazing:
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Grazing is very important. But overgrazing of
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forests and grasslands by animals, especially
by herds and ocks of sheep, goats, should be
properly checked. One can earmark separate
grazing grounds. Alternate fodder crops
should be grown in larger quantities. 
3. Constructing Dams:
One of the scienti c methods to check soil
erosion. Soil erosion which happens maximum
by river oods can be avoided by constructing
dams across the rivers. Water speed can be
checked and it considerably saves soil from
erosion.
4. Changing Agricultural Practices:
We can save a lot of our valuable soil by
bringing about certain changes in our
agricultural practices. Roughly the context is
described below:

(i) Crop Rotation:

As the name suggests, it is rotating crops. In
India, peasants grow a particular crop in the
same eld year after year. This practice takes
away certain elements from the soil, making it
infertile and exhausted rendering it unsuitable
for that crop. 
(ii) Strip Cropping:
Parallel to one another, crops may be
cultivated in alternate strips. Some strips may
be allowed to lie fallow while in others
di erent crops may be sown e.g., small tree
crops, grains, grass legumes, etc. Numerous
yields ripen at diverse times of the year and
are harvested at intervals. This very method
gives surety that at no time of the year the
entire area is left bare or exposed.
(iii) Use of Early Maturing Varieties:
Primary budding varieties of crops take really
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4/9/2020 List out three methods of soil conservation
Primary budding varieties of crops take really
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less time to mature. Thus putting lesser
pressure on the REGISTER NOW
soil. In this way it can help in
reducing the soil erosion. Sign In

(iv) Contour Ploughing:

Technical methods, one can say. Ploughing is
done at right angles to the hill slope, following
the natural contours of the hill. It makes the
ridges and furrows break the ow of water
down the hill. As gullies are less, this prevents
excessive soil loss. It is likely to develop and
reduce run-o so that plants receive more
water. 
(vi) Terracing and Contour Bunding:
Claims to be one of the oldest methods of soil
conservation. Terracing and contour bunding
across the hill slopes are very e ective. It is
done by cutting hill slope into a number of
terraces having horizontal top and steep
slopes on the back and front. 
(vii) Checking Shifting Cultivation:
Shifting cultivation method is mainly used by
tribal. We can persuade tribals to switch over
to settled agriculture by checking shifting
cultivation. Arrangements for tribal
resettlement can help to make them
understand the new way of cultivation. The
new method involves the provision of
agricultural implements, residential
accommodation. 
(viii) Ploughing the Land in Right Direction:
Ploughing the land in a perpendicular direction
to wind direction. This also reduces wind
velocity and protects the topsoil from erosion.

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