BASIC OF CIRCUIT

Charge
■ Charge is an electrical property of the atomic
particles which matter consists.
■ The unit of charge is the coulomb (C).
■ The symbol for the charge is Q (or) q.
𝟏 𝟏𝟖 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒔
𝟏𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒐𝒎𝒃 = = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎
𝟏. 𝟔𝟎𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗

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 Types of charge
1. Positive charge
2. Negative charge

■ A single electron has a charge of -1.602x10-19 c.

■ A single proton has a charge of +1.602x10-19 c.

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 Current
■ The flow of free electrons in a conductor is called
electric current.
■ The electric current is defined as the time rate of
charge.
■ The unit of current is the ampere (A).
■ The symbol for the current is I (or) i.
1ampere=1coulomb/second

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 Voltage
■ The potential difference between two points in an
electric circuit called voltage.
■ The unit of voltage is volt.
■ Voltage is represented by V (or) v.

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 Power
■ The rate at which work done by electrical energy
(or) energy supplied per unit time is called the
power.
■ Power is the rate at which energy is expanded or
the absorbing.
■ The power denoted by either P or p.
■ It is measured in watts (W). P = V x I
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 Network Circuit
Interconnection of two or more A network contains at least
simple circuit elements is one closed path, it is called
called an electric network. electrical circuit.

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 Active Elements

The sources of energy are called active element.

They may be voltage source or current source.
Example:
Generators, Transistors, etc.

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 Passive Elements

These elements stores (in the form of

electrostatic, electromagnetic energy) or
dissipates energy (in the form of heat).
Example:
Resistance (R), Inductor (L), Capacitor (C).

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 Resistance
■ It is the property of a substance which opposes the
flow of current through it.
■ The resistance of element is denoted by the symbol
“R”.
■ It is measured in Ohms Ω .

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 Inductor
■ It is the property of a substance which stores
energy in the form of electromagnetic field.
■ The inductance of element is denoted by the
symbol “L”.
■ It is measured in Henry Η .

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 Capacitor
■ It is the property of a substance which stores
energy in the form of electrostatic field.
■ The capacitance of element is denoted by the
symbol “C”
■ It is measured in Farads Ϝ .

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THANK YOU

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