Decoupled Center Spaced PWM Techniques for

Open End Winding Induction Motor Drive

M.Ranjit T.Bramhananda Reddy M.Surya Kalavathi
Asst.Professor, Dept.of.EEE, Professor & Head, Dept.of.EEE, Professor, Dept.of.EEE
VNRVJIET, Hyderabad GPREC, Kurnool JNTUH, Hyderabad
Telangana, India. Andhra Pradesh, India. Telangana, India
Email:ranjit_m@vnrvjiet.in Email:tbnr@rediffmail.com Email:munagala12@yahoo.co.in

Abstract— In this article, space vector decoupled
center spaced PWM (SVDCPWM) techniques are proposed
for open-end winding induction motor drive (OEWIMD).Two
2-level inverters are fed on either side of open-end induction
motor drive to achieve 3-level output. To bring about the
control pulses for the two inverters, reference three phase
sinusoids are used. Instantaneous reference sinusoids of one
inverter are phase shifted with respect to another inverter to
generate a variety of decoupled PWM techniques. To explore
the experimental results for the proposed work 1Hp
asynchronous motor is used and the performance of various
decoupled center spaced PWM techniques is reported.
Keywords— Center Spaced PWM (CPWM); Dual Inverter;
Open-end winding Induction Motor Drive (OEWIMD); Space
Vector Decoupled PWM (SVDPWM); Zero Sequence Voltage
(ZSV)
explore the proposed work in real time dSPACE 1104 control
circuit is used.
II. OPEN-END WINDING INDUCTION MOTOR
DRIVE(OEWIMD)
Fig.1 shows the schematic of dual inverter fed
OEWIM drive. Where VRZ, VYZ and VBZ authenticate the pole
voltages of Inv-I and VR’Z’, VY’Z’ and VB’Z’ authenticate the
pole voltages of Inv-II. In this configuration, two conventional
two level inverters are fed with separate dc supply to avoid the
flow of zero sequence currents into the motor. The individual
pole voltages of Inv-I and Inv-II are Vdc/2 or -Vdc/2[1]-[5].
The effective phase voltage of this configuration is given by
VXZ X ' Z' = VXZ − V X ' Z' (1)

Where X=R, Y, B
I. INTRODUCTION and the ZSV is measured across the terminals Z and Z’ is
Voltage source inverters (VSI) are generally employed for given by
control of AC drives used in high power applications. Use of
multi-level inverters are increased from the decade to control VRR'+VYY'+VBB'
the high power drives due to its advantages like near VZZ'= (2)
sinusoidal output and less switching loss. But zero sequence 3
voltage is the major issue in voltage source inverters [1].It
results the electro-magnetic interference with the neighboring
systems and also flow of zero sequence currents into the motor
phase terminals [1]-[5].To arrest the flow of zero sequence
currents into the motor a new configuration is proposed [1].In
the configuration proposed in [1], two 2-level inverters are
connected on either side of OEWIM drive. Various PWM
techniques [6]-[7] are used to obtain the control signals for the
inverters.
In this paper, SVPWM based decoupled CPWM techniques
are proposed for OEWIM drive. In the proposed
configuration, two 2-level inverters with identical DC voltage
of magnitude Vdc/2 are fed on either side of open-ended
induction motor to get the 3-level output. Control pulses for
the two inverters are generated from the reference phase
sinusoids. By phase shifting the one inverter reference Fig.1 OEWIM drive configuration
sinusoids with respect to other inverter reference sinusoids The switching states of Inv-I and Inv-II are given in
different decoupled PWM techniques are generated. Proposed Fig.2.When switch is on, it is represented with ‘+’, when
PWM techniques not only reduce but also nullify the ZSV. To switch is off , it is represented with ‘-’.
 From Fig.4, it can be observed that the switching
signals for α=60° is not same for Inv-I and Inv-II. It result the
generation of ZSV of magnitude +Vdc/6 & -Vdc/6 in one
sampling period (2TS).The reason for getting the ZSV in the
proposed system is that each inverter is switching twice in one
sampling period. It results the deviation of ZSV from the
actual for a small duration shown in Fig.4, Fig.6&Fig.8.

(i) (ii)
Fig.2 Space vector locations of Inv-I (i) and Inv-II (ii)

III. CENTER SPACED PWM (CPWM)

The main theme of the proposed CPWM strategy is by

placing the active vectors at the center of the sampling period
(TS) and also the time sharing between the two zero vectors is
same (Tz/2) [6]-[9].In this method, independent control of
Inv-I and Inv-II is achieved by operating one of the inverter in
one sector; other inverter is switched among the all six sectors.
This can be obtained by shifting the reference phase sinusoid
of one inverter with reference to the other inverter. Let VR1, Fig.4 Switching signals and ZSV profile with CPWM1
VY1 and VB1 are the reference sinusoid of Inv-I and VR2, VY2
and VB2 are the reference sinusoid of Inv-II are given in Eq (3)
and Eq (4) respectively.

V = V max Sin (ωt )

R1
V
Y1
(
= V max Sin ωt − 120 ο ) (3)

V
B1
(
= V max Sin ωt − 240 ο )
&

V
 
= V max Sin  ωt − α ο 
R2  
V

= V max Sin  ωt − 120 ο − α ο 
 (4)
Y2   Fig.5 Switching signals and ZSV profile with CPWM2
V
 
= V max Sin  ωt − 240 ο − α ο 
B2  
In equation (4) “α” is the shifting phase of the Inv-II with
Inv-I as reference. Let the shifting phase of the Inv-II is 180°
with Inv-I as reference, and the consequent switchings of Inv-I
and Inv-II are given in Fig. 3.

Fig.3 Switching sequences of Inv-I and Inv-II for α=180° Fig.6 Switching signals and ZSV profile with CPWM3
 Various decoupled CPWM strategies are proposed for
OEWIM drive is listed in Table I.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
To validate the proposed symmetrical configuration of
OEWIM drive using space vector based decoupled CPWM
techniques. To validate the same experimentally, a prototype
model is developed, and the switching pulses for the two
inverters are generated using dSPACE 1104 control board.
Switching frequency is chosen as 1000 Hz for experimental
study. The 9.2 KVA inverters fed on either side of OEWIM
(1HP, 415V, 1.8A, 50 Hz) along with front end AC to DC
converters. An effective DC voltage of 255V is applied to the
proposed configuration. To get the various observations from
the set a DSO (500V to 3.3V) regulator is used.
Fig.7 Switching signals and ZSV profile with CPWM4

Over
Charging

(a)
Fig.8 Switching signals and ZSV profile with CPWM5

TABLE I
Switching samples of the proposed configuration with ZSV
levels in one sampling period (TS) [5]
INV-II Switching ZSV
S.No PWM Switching Samples
Phase
8-1-2-7/ +Vdc/6,
1 CPWM1 α=60°
8-3-2-7 -Vdc/6
8-1-2-7/ Over
2 CPWM2 α=120° 8-3-4-7 0 Charging
8-1-2-7/ +Vdc/6,
3 CPWM3 α=180° 8-5-4-7 -Vdc/6
8-1-2-7/
4 CPWM4 α=240° 8-5-6-7 0
8-1-2-7/ +Vdc/6,
5 CPWM5 α=300° 8-1-6-7 -Vdc/6 (b)
Fig.9 (a) Effective phase voltage and Line current (b) ZSV
It is observed From Fig.4, Fig.6 and Fig.8, an existence of with CPWM1 at m=0.8 and switching frequency
ZSV results the flow of zero sequence current into the motor.
fs =1000Hz.
 2Vdc/3
It is observed from Fig.9 (a), large distortion in the effective
phase voltage as well as in the R-phase stator current. This is due to Vdc/3
the overcharging of Inv-I side capacitor in proposed CPWM1
method.i.e Inv-II is phase shifted by 60° with respect to Inv-I. This
overcharging effect also results the distortion in the ZSV, which 0V
is shown in Fig.9 (b). The reason for the overcharging of capacitor
is the instantaneous voltages of two inverters becomes added up at
the instant 60°,which results the overcharging of Inv-I side
capacitor shown in Fig.10.

(a)

Sum of Instantaneous
Voltages at 60°
Vdc/6

Fig.10.Reference Voltages of Inv-I and Inv-II at 60° switching

angle
-Vdc/6

Vdc /2

(b)
Fig.12 (a) Effective phase voltage and Line current (b) ZSV
0V
-Vdc/2 with CPWM3 at m=0.8 and switching frequency fs =1000Hz.

Vdc /2

(a) 0V

0V -Vdc/2

(b)
Fig.11 (a) Effective phase voltage and Line current (b) ZSV (a)
with CPWM2 at m=0.8 and switching frequency fs =1000Hz.
 From Fig.11 (a), it is observed that effective phase voltage
does not contain any ZSV and its magnitude is constrained to
Vdc/2.But ZSV is completely eliminated in proposed CPWM2
method, where α=120°.In case of CPWM3 method (α=180°)
0V
effective phase voltage is increased up to 2Vdc/3 than in
preceding method (CPWM2).This is because a small amount
of ZSV magnitude of +Vdc/6 and –Vdc/6 is present in the
effective phase voltage. The corresponding profiles for both
effective phase voltage and ZSV are shown in Fig.12 (a) and
(b). In CPWM4 method (α=240°), ZSV is reduced to zero and
the effective phase voltage becomes +Vdc/2 and –Vdc/2
similar to CPWM2 method along with the line current is
shown in Fig.13(a) and (b).Like CPWM1 method CPWM5
(b)
method (α=300°) is also got overcharging effect. This results
Fig.13 (a) Effective phase voltage and Line current (b) ZSV the distortion in both effective phase voltage and line current
with CPWM4 at m=0.8 and switching frequency fs =1000Hz. shown in Fig.14(a).ZSV under this case is got effected due to
overcharging is shown in Fig.14(b).

Sum of Instantaneous
Voltages at 300°

Over
Charging

Fig.15.Reference Voltages of Inv-I and Inv-II at 300°

switching angle
(a) From Fig.15,it is observed that at α=300° there is a
overcharging effect on Inv-II capacitor than Inv-I capacitor.i.e
instantaneous voltages of two inverters becomes added up at
this instant, which results the overcharging of Inv-II side
Over capacitor over Inv-I side capacitor. Table II shows the
Charging harmonic analysis of effective phase voltage and R-phase
stator current.
TABLE II
Harmonic analysis of effective phase voltage and line current

S.No PWM Voltage Current

THD (%) THD (%)
1 CPWM1 88.02 21.99
2 CPWM2 70.80 14.68
3 CPWM3 54.20 10.39
4 CPWM4 66.34 11.45
5 CPWM5 91.17 19.53
(b)
It is observed from Table II CPWM1 and CPWM5 methods
Fig.14 (a) Effective phase voltage and Line current (b) ZSV results the more harmonic distortion in both effective phase
voltage and line current is due to the overcharging of input
with CPWM5 at m=0.8 and switching frequency fs =1000Hz.
capacitors on either side of Inv-I (CPWM1) and Inv-II
(CPWM5).In case of CPWM2 and CPWM4 harmonic
8. G.Shiny, M. R. Baiju,”Space vector PWM scheme without sector
distortion in effective phase and line current is slightly more identification for an open-end winding induction motor based 3-
than CPWM3 method. This is due to the absence of ZSV in level inverter”in Industrial Electronics, 2009. IECON '09. 35th
the effective phase voltage. Whereas in CPWM3 method Annual Conference of IEEE, pp. 1310-1315.Nov, 2009.
harmonic distortion is superior to all the methods both in
9. B.R.Vinod, G.Shiny, M.R.Baiju” Space vector direct torque
effective phase voltage as well as in line current due the control for five-level open-end winding induction motor drive to
improvement the voltage magnitude. The reason for this suppress harmonic spikes”, in IEEE Region 10
improvement is considerable amount of ZSV is present in phase Symposium(TENSYMP), PP.1-5, July, 2017.
voltage, which is absent in CPWM2 and CPWM4 methods.

V. CONCLUSIONS
In this study, space vector based decoupled CPWM algorithm is
proposed for OEWIM drive. In this configuration, two 2-level
inverters are fed on either side of OEWIM with symmetrical dc
supply. It results the three level output voltage. To generate the
control signals to the proposed configuration instantaneous voltages
of Inv-II are phase shifted with respect to the Inv-I voltages. It
results the generation of various CPWM methods. The performance
of proposed configuration is analyzed experimentally using
dSPACE 1104 control kit. From the experimental study, it is
observed that CPWM3 method is superior to all the other methods
in terms of Harmonic analysis of effective phase voltage and line
current, whereas CPWM2 and CPWM4 are better than other
methods in ZSV point of view. It also observed that in both
CPWM1 and CPWM5 methods effective phase voltage, line
current and ZSV profiles are more distorted due to overcharging
effect of Inv-I and Inv-II input capacitors.

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