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CBIP Recommondations For 400kv Protection PDF
CBIP Recommondations For 400kv Protection PDF
OF PROTECTION OF
IN A 400KV SUBSTATION
( as Per CBIP Recommendations)
P. GOPALA KRISHNA
ADE/400KV/APTRANSCO
CBIP Guidelines on Protection
NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED IN UTILITIES
Sr.No VOLTAGE MAIN- 1 PROTECTION MAIN-2 PROTECTION/ BACKUP PROTECTION
1. 11 KV LINES 2 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N ) -
2. 33 KV LINES 3 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N ) -
3. 66 KV LINES SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR DIRECTIONAL O/L & E/F RELAYS WITH HIGH
4. 132 KV LINES NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N) SET ( 67 + 67N )
NON SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR
5. 220 KV LINES NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N)
6. 400 KV LINES NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21) OR LINE
+ in BUILT DEF RELAY(67N) DIFFERENTIAL SCHEME (87L) WITH 67N
7. 765 KV LINES NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21) OR LINE
+ in BUILT DEF RELAY(67N) DIFFERENTIAL SCHEME (87L) WITH 67N
The DEF 67N is in built to detect high resistance fault which distance relay cannot.
REACH SETTINGS
ZONE-1: 80-85% OF PROTECTED LINE
ZONE-2: 120% = 100% OF MAIN LINE + 50% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER END / 6O% OF T/F
ZONE-3: 200% = 100% OF MAIN LINE + 100% OF LONGEST LINE AT OTHER END / 100% OF T/F
ZONE-4: 100% OF MAIN LINE + (100% OF SHORTEST LINE + 100% OF LONGEST LINE) AT OTHER END.
R-REACH: UP TO LOAD POINT ENCROACHMENT
TIME SETTINGS
ZONE-1: INSTANTENEOUS
ZONE-2: 0.3 SEC FOR SHORT LINES & 0.5 SEC FOR LONG LINES for Discrimination
ZONE-3: 0.6 SEC
ZONE-4: 0.9 SEC
CBIP Guidelines on Protection
400 kV Lines
¾ NEED OF LINE PROTECTION
The line protection relays are required to protect
the line and clear all types of faults on it within the
shortest possible time with reliability, selectivity
and sensitivity.
v) STUB Protection
O + 0.3 s + CO + 3 min + CO
1 7.5 & 16 66 / 11
NIL
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
RELAY ( 51 )
7.5 , 16 ,
HV REF (64)
16 , 31.5
4 50 & 80 132 / 33
5 31.5, 50 220 / 33
6
31.5, 50 &
220 / 66 BUCHHOLZ
100 HV & LV OVER FLUX
PRINCIPLE: MERZ PRICE)
7
100, 200
400 / 132
REF 64 3 OL + OLTC OSR
& 250 1 DIR EL PRV/PRD
(51P +
87 TH / 64 REF
¾ C. BASED ON CONTROL
i) 3-PH OIL IMMERSED REACTOR WITH GAPPED IRON
CORE.
ii) THYRISTOR CONTROLLED REACTOR (STATIC VAR
COMPENSATOR)
CBIP Guidelines on Protection
NEED OF SHUNT REACTOR
GENERAL
¾ Operating Time
¾ Breaking Capacity
¾ Stuck Breaker Probability
¾ Operating Sequence / Duty cycle
CBIP Guidelines on Protection
LBB/BFR OPERATION
MAIN TRIP
RESET
PROTECTION YES FAULT YES BREAKER
MAIN CLEARED
OPERATED BREAKER
FAILURE
SCHEME
NO
RETRIP
TRIP
YES WAIT FOR BACK-UP/
INITIATE FAULT AND
BFR Adjacent
CLEARENCE BREAKERS
CBIP Guidelines on Protection
LBB/BFR SPECIAL COMMENTS
(i) Bus bar protection must be provided in all new 400kV and
220kV substations as well as generating station switchyards.
Event Logger
Y PH VOLTAGE
B PH VOLTAGE
R PH CURRENT
Y PH CURRENT
B PH CURRENT
STAR/NEUTRAL CURRENT
MAIN CB R PH OPEN
MAIN CB Y PH OPEN
MAIN CB B PH OPEN
TIE CB R PH OPEN
TIE CB Y PH OPEN
TIE CB B PH OPEN
MAIN/TIE CB LBB OPTD
DIRECT TRIP CH-1/2 OPTD
BUSBAR PROT OPTD
MAIN-1 PROT OPTD
MAIN-2 PROT OPTD
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1/2 OPTD
STUB PROT-1/2 OPTD
MAIN-1 PROT CARRIER RECEIVE
MAIN-2 PROT CARRIER RECEIVE
DF/DT OPTD
EVENT NO
NAME OF FEEDER
DATE & TIME
PREFERRED DISTURBANCE RECORDER
400 KV LINES 400 KV TRANSFORMER
ANALOG CHANNELS ANALOG CHANNELS DIGITAL CHANNELS
1. R-PH VOLTAGE 1. HV R-PH VOLTAGE 1. HV MAIN CB R-PH OPEN
2. Y-PH VOLTAGE 2. HV Y-PH VOLTAGE 2. HV MAIN CB Y-PH OPEN
3. B-PH VOLTAGE 3. HV B-PH VOLTAGE 3. HV MAIN CB B-PH OPEN
4. OPEN DELTA VOLTAGE 4. HV OPEN DELTA VOLTAGE 4. HV TIE CB R-PH OPEN
5. R-PH CURRENT 5. LV R-PH VOLTAGE 5. HV TIE CB Y-PH OPEN
6. Y-PH CURRENT 6. LV Y-PH VOLTAGE 6. HV TIE CB B-PH OPEN
7. B-PH CURRENT
7. LV B-PH VOLTAGE 7. LV 220 CB R-PH OPEN
8. NEUTRAL/STAR CURRENT
8. LV OPEN DELTA VOLTAGE 8. LV 220 CB Y-PH OPEN
DIGITAL CHANNELS 9. HV R-PH CURRENT 9. LV 220 CB B-PH OPEN
1. HV MAIN CB R-PH OPEN
10. HV Y-PH CURRENT 10 87 LZ DIFF RLY OPERATED
2. HV MAIN CB Y-PH OPEN
3. HV MAIN CB B-PH OPEN
11. HV B-PH CURRENT 11. HV 67 ABCN OPERATED
4. HV TIE CB R-PH OPEN 12. HV NEUTRAL/STAR CURRENT 12. LV 67 ABCN OPERATED
5. HV TIE CB Y-PH OPEN 13. LV R-PH CURRENT 13. 51 O/L RLY OPERATED
6. HV TIE CB B-PH OPEN 14. LV Y-PH CURRENT 14. 64 REF / 87 HZ RLY OPERATED
7. 21 MAIN1 REL 521 OPERATED 15. LV B-PH CURRENT 15. NDR RLY OPERATED
8. 21 MAIN2 REL 316 OPERATED 16. LV NEUTRAL/STAR CURRENT 16. HV 99T OVER FLUX OPTD
9. 87 BUSBAR RELAY OPERATED 17. LV 99T OVER FLUX OPTD
10. MAIN CB A/R OPERATED 18. HV 400 BUSBAR OPERATED
11. TIE CB A/R OPERATED 19. LV 220 BUSBAR OPERATED
12. PSB OPERATED 20. HV MAIN CB LBB OPERATED
13. SOTF OPERATED 21. HV TIE CB LBB OPERATED
14. 27 O/V STG-1/2 OPERATED 22. LV 220 CB LBB OPERATED
15. 51 STUB-1/2 OPERATED 23. HV 86 GR-A/B RELAY OPTD
16. 87HZ / LZ TEED-1/2 OPERATED
24. LV 86 GR-A/B RELAY OPTD
17. MAIN CB LBB OPERATED
18. TIE CB LBB OPERATED 25. AT/F 21T UZ RELAY OPERATED
19. DIRECT TRIP CH-1/2 RECEIVED 26. OIL TEMP HIGH TRIP
20. 21M1 / 21M2 CARRIER RECEIVE 27. WNDG TEMP HV/IV/LV TRIP
21. 86 GR-A/B RELAY OPERATED 28. BUCHHOLZ MAIN/OLTC TRIP
22. 67N DEF/TEF RLY OPERATED 29. PRD 1/ 2 TRIP
23. DF/DT RELAY OPERATED 30. AT/F NEUTRAL CURRENT TRIP
CBIP Guidelines on Protection
CBIP Guidelines on Protection
GENERAL
a) Protection Function:
For each group of protection, separate DC sources
are recommended.
Example: Group-1: 21L1, 87T1, 67HV, 87R, 87BB1
Group-2: 21L2, 87T2, 67LV, 21R, 87BB2
b) CB Functions
Trip coil 1 & 2 shall be fed from separate sources.
Closing coil can be from either of these two sources.
c) Isolator / Earth switch
These associated with any one circuit shall be fed
from one of the two DC sources.
In the case of One and half (1 & ½) CB arrangement,
the Isolator / Earth switch associated with the tie CB
can be fed from either source 1 or 2.
CBIP Guidelines on Protection
GR-A & GR-B TRIPPINGS
It is recommended that:
(i) Separate cables are used for AC & DC circuit.
(ii) Separate cables are used for DC 1 & DC 2 circuits.
(iii) For different cores of CT & CVT separate cables
shall be used.
GROUP-A & GROUP-B TRIPPINGS
LINE PROTECTION TRANSFORMER REACTOR PROTECTION
PROTECTION
GROUP-A GROUP-A GROUP-A
MAIN-1 PROTECTION T/F DIFFERENTIAL RELAY REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
M1 BUILT IN FUNCTIONS T/F IMP / 21T RELAY REACTOR BACKUP / 21R RELAY
TEED-1 PROTECTION T/F HV BACKUP RELAY OIL TEMP HIGH TRIP
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 PROT T/F HV OVERFLUX RELAY PRESURE RELIEF TRIP
DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-1 RECEIVED OIL TEMP HIGH TRIP
PRESURE RELIEF TRIP GROUP-B
GROUP-B TERITIARY DELTA WNDG NDR PROT REACTOR REF RELAY
MAIN-2 PROTCTION GROUP-B BUCHHOLZ TRIP
M2 BUILT IN FUNCTIONS T/F REF / HIGH Z DIFF RELAY WINDING TEMP HIGH TRIP
TEED-2 PROTECTION T/F NEUTRAL CURRENT / 51 O/C RLY LOW/ HIGH OIL LEVEL TRIP
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2 PROT T/F LV BACKUP RELAY FIRE PROTECTION TRIP
LBB/BFR RELAY OVER LOAD PROT (ALARM ONLY)
DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-2 RECEIVED T/F LV OVERFLUX RELAY
BUCHHOLZ TRIP
OLTC BUCHHOLZ TRIP
WINDING TEMP HIGH TRIP
LOW/ HIGH OIL LEVEL TRIP
CBIP Guidelines on Protection
CBIP Guidelines on Protection
GENERAL
CT Polarity
¾ As a practice the P1 terminal of the CT shall be
towards the bus and P2 away from the bus.
Double Bus Arrangement
¾ The CTs shall be placed near the circuit breakers
(CBs) and on the Line side.
¾ The detection zones of Line Relays and Bus Bar
relays start at the CTs. It is advantageous if these
two points are close to each other.
¾ In the improbable case of a fault between the CT
and CB the Bus Bar protection will detect and clear
the fault.
CBIP Guidelines on Protection
Double Main and Transfer Bus Arrangement
¾It is advantageous to locate the CTs on the line side of
the disconnectors for Line and Transformer bays. In
this way the Protective Relay connected to the CT will
remain connected to the line or Transformer when it is
switched over to the Transfer / Auxiliary Bus.
¾A separate CT is required to be provided in the
Transfer bus coupler bay to obtain selective bus
tripping for faults on Transfer bus.
Bus Coupler and Bus Sectionalizer Bays
¾A set of CT is necessary to enable different bus bar
protection zones to be formed.
¾The protection can be arranged to give complete fault
clearing with a short time-delay (LBB time) for faults
between CB and CT.
¾Only one set of CTs is recommended.
CBIP Guidelines on Protection
Double Main and Bypass CB Arrangement
¾ It is advantageous to locate the CTs on the Line side
of the disconnectors for Line and Transformer bays.
In this way the Protective Relay connected to the CT
will remain connected to the line or Transformer
when the CB is Bi-passed and protection Transferred
to Bus Coupler.