Contents

• What is mechatronics
• Elements of mechatronics:
- Mechanical
- Electromechanical
- Electrical/Electronic
- Control Interface/Computing Hardware
- Computer/Information System
• Application of mechatronics
• Review of Measurement systems and control systems
• Review on Mechatronics system Modeling
• Design Project proposal
What is mechatronics ?
The word, mechatronics is composed of mecha from mechanics and
tronics from electronics.

In other words, technologies and developed products will be

incorporating electronics more and more into mechanisms, intimately and
organically, and making it impossible to tell where one ends and the other
begins.
What is mechatronics ?
What is mechatronics ?

Mechatronics is the synergistic integration of sensors, actuators, signal

conditioning, power electronics, decision and control algorithms, and
computer hardware and software to manage complexity, uncertainty, and
communication in engineered systems.
What is mechatronics ?
Elements of mechatronics; Mechanical

Mechanical elements refer to:

- mechanical structure, mechanism, thermo-fluid, and hydraulic aspects of a
mechatronics system.
• Mechanical elements may include static/dynamic characteristics.
• A mechanical element interacts with its environment purposefully.
• Mechanical elements require physical power to produce motion, force,
• heat, etc.
Elements of mechatronics; Mechanical
Elements of mechatronics; Electromechanical

Electromechanical elements refer to:

– Sensors
• A variety of physical variables can be measured using sensors, e.g., light
using photo-resistor, displacement using potentiometer, direction/tilt using
magnetic sensor, sound using microphone, stress and pressure using strain
gauge, touch using micro-switch, temperature using thermistor, and humidity
using conductivity sensor.
Elements of mechatronics; Electromechanical

– Actuators
•DC servomotor, stepper motor, relay, solenoid, speaker, light emitting
diode (LED), shape memory alloy, electromagnet, and pump apply
commanded action on the physical process.
Elements of mechatronics; Electromechanical
Elements of mechatronics; Electrical/Electronic

Electrical elements refer to:

– Electrical components (e.g., resistor (R),capacitor (C), inductor (L),
transformer, etc.), circuits, and analog signals.
Electronic elements refer to:
– analog/digital electronics, transistors, thyristors, operational amplifiers,
power electronics, and signal conditioning.
Elements of mechatronics; Electrical/Electronic

The electrical/electronic elements are used to interface electromechanical

sensors and actuators to the control interface/computing hardware
elements.
Elements of mechatronics; Electrical/Electronic

The electrical/electronic elements are used to interface electromechanical

sensors and actuators to the control interface/computing hardware
elements.
Elements of mechatronics;
Control Interface/Computing Hardware

• Control interface/computing hardware elements refer to:

– Analog-to-digital (A2D) converter, digital-to-analog (D2A)
converter, digital input/output (I/O), counters, timers, microprocessor,
microcontroller, data acquisition and control (DAC) board, and digital
signal processing (DSP) board.
Elements of mechatronics;
Control Interface/Computing Hardware

• Control interface hardware allows analog/digital interfacing

– communication of sensor signal to the control computer and
communication of control signal from the control computer to the actuator.

• Control computing hardware implements a control algorithm, which uses

sensor measurements, to compute control actions to be applied by the
actuator.
Elements of mechatronics;
Control Interface/Computing Hardware

Computer elements refer to hardware/software utilized to perform:

– computer-aided dynamic system analysis, optimization, design, and
simulation
– virtual instrumentation
– rapid control prototyping
– hardware-in-the-loop simulation
– PC-based data acquisition and control
Elements of mechatronics

Typical knowledgebase for optimal design and operation of

mechatronic systems comprises of:
– Dynamic system modeling and analysis
• Thermo-fluid, structural, hydraulic, electrical, chemical,
biological, etc.
– Decision and control theory
Elements of mechatronics
– Sensors and signal conditioning
– Actuators and power electronics
• A2D, D2A, digital I/O, counters,
timers, etc.
– Hardware interfacing
– Embedded computing
Mechatronics Applications
➢ Today, mechatronic systems are commonly found in homes, offices , schools,

shops and of course, in industrial applications.

Common mechatronic systems include:
➢ Domestic appliance systems, such as fridges and microwave ovens, washing

machines, receiver,, timers , mixers, televisions, telephones, digital cameras,

videos and CD players , and many other similar modern devices.
➢ Domestic systems, such as air conditioning units, automatic gate control

systems, home security, camera, climate control units, etc.

Mechatronics Applications

▪ Office equipment, such as laser printers,tape drives, scanners, photo

copiers , fax machines.
▪ Banking systems, such as cash registers, and automatic teller machines.
▪ Manufacturing equipment, such as numerically controlled tools
NC/CNC, robotics, machines, processes, etc.
Mechatronics Applications

• Automotive: climate control, active suspension, air bags, engine

management, safety, etc.
• Medical: implant-devices, assisted surgery, haptic, etc.
• Defense: unmanned air, ground, and underwater vehicles, jet engines,
etc.
Mechatronics Applications

• Industrial Automation: automation is defined as the technology which is

concerned with the application of mechanical, electrical, and computer
systems in the operation and control of manufacturing processes.
• Machine Tools: Machining is the manufacturing process in which the
geometry of a component is modified by the removal of material.
Mechatronics Applications

• CNC Bending
- Fully automated bending: load
sheet metal and the finished bent
parts come out
- Can bend complex shapes
• CNC Machining
- Deliver the highest accuracies
- Can create very complex shapes

24
Mechatronics Applications: Sanitation Applications
Advantages:
•Reduces spread of germs by making device hands free
•Reduces wasted water by automatically turning off when not in use
System Uses:
•Proximity sensors
•Control circuitry
•Electromechanical valves
•Independent power source
Mechatronics Applications: Sanitation Applications
Mechatronics Applications: Sanitation Applications
Systems Uses: Advantages:

•Motion sensors •Reduces spread of germs by making device hands free

•Control circuitry •Reduces wasted materials by controlling how much is

•Electromechanical actuators dispensed

Paper Towel Dispenser
•power source
Soap Dispenser
Mechatronics Applications: Smart Robotics Application

System Can:
•Carry 340 lb
•Run 4 mph Advantages:
•Climb, run, and walk •Robot with rough-terrain mobility that
•Move over rough terrain could carry equipment to remote location.
Mechatronics Applications: Smart Robotics Application

System Can:
•Carry 340 lb
•Run 4 mph Advantages:
•Climb, run, and walk •Robot with rough-terrain mobility that
•Move over rough terrain could carry equipment to remote location.
Mechatronics Applications: Space Exploration Application
System Can:
•Collect specimens
•Has automated onboard lab
for testing specimens

Advantages:
•Robot that can travel to other
planets and take measurements
automatically.
Mechatronics Applications: Medical Applications

•Arms, Legs, and other

body parts can be replaced
with electromechanical
ones.
Mechatronics Applications: Sports Applications

Advantages:
•Automatically changes cushioning
in shoe for different running styles
and conditions for improved comfort.
Review of measurement system in mechatronics

Measurement system in mechatronics:

It used to measure a physical quantity and record it for controlling and
monitoring purpose.
It has three parts
• Transducer
• Signal processor
• Recorder
Review of measurement system in mechatronics

Some of the physical quantities are

• Current
• Voltage
• Torque
• Force
• Magnetic flux
• Distance
• Temperature
• Pressure etc.
Review of control system in mechatronics

A control system is an interconnection of components forming a system

configuration that will provide a desired system response.

Control engineering is based on the foundations of feedback theory and

linear system analysis, and it integrates the concepts of network theory and
communication theory.
Review of control system in mechatronics

Control engineering is not limited to any engineering discipline,

it is equally applicable to aeronautical, chemical, mechanical,
includes electrical, mechanical, and chemical components.

A System is a device or process that takes a given input and

produces some output:
Input Output
System
Review of control system in mechatronics

There are two major types of control systems namely:

• Open loop systems
• Closed loop systems
Review of control system in mechatronics
An open-loop control system takes input under the consideration and
doesn’t react on the feedback to obtain the output. This is why it is also
called a non-feedback control system.

A closed loop system is also referred as a feedback control system. These

systems record the output instead of input and modify it according to the
need. It generates preferred condition of the output as compared to the
original one.
Review of control system in mechatronics