Audrey Mangussad

Philippine Politics and Governance

State – a numerous community of persons permanently occupying a definite
portion of territory under one government.

Territory - an area of land that is under the jurisdiction of a ruler or state.

Federal State - a system of government in which the different states or provinces

of the country have important powers to make their own laws and decisions.

Government - the political system by which a country or community is

administered and regulated.

Constitution - the set of political principles by which a state or organization is

governed, especially in relation to the rights of the people it governs.

Identity Models:
Racial Identity - a surface-level manifestation based on what people look like yet
has deep implications in how people are treated.
Ethnic Identity - shared cultural characteristics such as language, ancestry,
practices, and beliefs.
National Identity - a person's identity or sense of belonging to one state or to one
nation.
Nationhood - the state or quality of having status as a separate and independent
nation

Social Science - the scientific study of human society and social relationships.

Political Science - the systematic study of governance by the application of

empirical and generally scientific methods of analysis.
Branches of Political Science
Political Theory - a theory having to do with the political relationships among
men specifically : one concerned with the organization and basis of government.
International Politics - aspect of interactions and relations of sovereign states in
which the element of conflict or interest is present.
Domestic Politics - directly related to all issues and activity within a nation's
borders.
Comparative Politics - the study of comparative politics involves conscious
comparisons in studying political experience, institutions, behaviour and
processes of the systems of government in a comprehensive manner.
Political Statistics – statistics involving activities associated with the governance
of a country
Public Administrator - an official of a city, county, or state government.
Provincial/Local Politics – Involves politics in provinces.

Authority – the exercise of power. It is the right to give orders and commands,
and take decisions.

Legitimacy – legal recognition for an individual or institution to rule.

Legitimate Authority – exercising power with legitimacy

Ideology - a set of beliefs or principles, especially one on which a political system,

party, or organization is based.
Republic - a country that is governed by elected representatives and an elected
leader Utopia - a place of ideal perfection especially in laws, government, and
social conditions
Anarchy - a state of lawlessness or political disorder due to the absence of
governmental authority.
Monarchy - political system based upon the undivided sovereignty or rule of a
single person.
Oligarchy - government by the few, especially despotic power exercised by a
small and privileged group for corrupt or selfish purposes.
Direct Democracy - also called pure democracy, forms of direct participation of
citizens in democratic decision making, in contrast to indirect or representative
democracy.
Tyranny - an autocratic form of rule in which one individual exercised power
without any legal restraint.
Totalitarianism - form of government that theoretically permits no individual
freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of individual life to the
authority of the state.
Paradigm - a model of something, or a very clear and typical example of
something Realpolitik - politics based on practical objectives rather than on ideals.
Power and Citizenship: Bill of Rights - a document containing a formal statement
of rights.
Suffrage - the right to vote in electing public officials and adopting or rejecting
proposed legislation.
Public Office - an office created by a constitution or legislative act, having a
definite tenure, and involving the power to carry out governmental function.
Public Officer - One who holds public office; an official or employee of the
government.