String and String-Handling Instructions

 String means a series of data words (or bytes) that reside

in consecutive memory locations
 String instructions permit a programmer to implement
operations such as to move data from one block of
memory to a block elsewhere in memory

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String and String-Handling Instructions
 Autoindexing for string instruction – CLD and STD
instructions
◦ DF=1  Decrementing the address
◦ DF=0  Incrementing the address

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String and String-Handling Instructions
 Move string – MOVSB, MOVSW
◦ Example – The block-move program using the move-string
instruction
* CLD clears direction flag

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String and String-Handling Instructions
 Compare string and scan string – CMPSB/CMPSW,
SCASB/SCASW
◦ Example – Block scan operation using the SCASB instruction

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String and String-Handling Instructions
 Load and store string –LODSB/LODSW, STOSB/STOSW
◦ Example – Initializing a block of memory with a store string
instruction

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String and String-Handling Instructions
 REP string – REP (repeat prefixes)

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String and String-Handling Instructions
 REP string – REP (repeat prefixes)
◦ Example – Initializing a block of memory by repeating the STOSB
instruction

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String and String-Handling Instructions
 EXAMPLE: Describe what happen as the following
sequence of instruction is executed

CLD
MOV AX, DATA_SEGMENT
MOV DS, AX
MOV AX, EXTRA_SEGMENT
MOV ES, AX
MOV CX, 20H
MOV SI, OFFSET MASTER
MOV DI, OFFSET COPY
REPMOVSB

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Input/ Output Instructions
 Types of instructions
• Direct I/O instructions—only allow
access to ports at page 0 addresses
• Variable I/O instructions—allows
access of ports anywhere in the I/O
address space
• Direct I/O instructions
IN Acc,Port
OUT Port,Acc
• Port = 8-bit direct address—limited
to 0H through FFH (page 0)
• Acc = accumulator register AX (word
transfer); AH or AL (byte transfer)
• Example:
IN AL, FE
(FE)  AL (byte input operation)

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Input/ Output Instructions
• Variable I/O instructions
IN Acc,DX
OUT DX,Acc
• DX = 16-bit indirect address—allows
access to full I/O address space
• Acc = accumulator register AX (word
transfer); AH or AL (byte transfer)
• Example:
MOV DX,A000 ;load I/O address
IN AL,DX ;input value to AL
MOV BL,AL ;copy value to BL
(A000)  BL (byte input operation)

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Input/ Output Instructions
Example1:
Write instructions to output the value FF to the byte wide port at I/O address
AB.

Solution:
MOV AL, FF ;load data into AL
OUT AB, AL ;output to port
AB
Example2:
Write instructions to output the value FF to the byte wide port at I/O address
B000.
Solution:
MOV DX, B000 ; load address into DX
MOV AL, FF ; load data into AL
OUT DX,AL ; output to port B000

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 Input/ Output Instructions
Example3:
Read data from byte-wide ports at addresses AA and A9. Output as a word to
the word-wide port at address B000.

Solution:

IN AL,AA ; input first byte

MOV AH,AL ; load data into AL
IN AL,A9 ; input 2nd byte
MOV DX,B000 ; load address into DX
OUT DX,AX ; output word to port B000

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