Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Phases of Construction
Phases of Construction
Professional practice
Phases of Construction
The following will provides a general overview of construction process, from the conceptual stage
through the bidding, construction, payment, and completion stage of a project.
The project life cycle for a constructed facility may be represented schematically in Figure 1
A standard construction project, in general, has following major life cycle phases.
Phases of Project:
Project is divided into three phases.
Pre-construction
Construction
Post construction
Pre-construction Phase:
Concept
Feasibility
Design
An architect is the primary designer of a building or project and controls the overall design,
specifications, finished materials and also supervises the engineers who are responsible for
structural, electrical and mechanical work.
Feasibility:
To evaluate the project in order to determine if it is feasible, at the beginning of the project. A
feasibility study is conducted to examine whether each option clearly identifies the project
objective and a final recommended solution is determined. When a solution is approved, a
project is initiated to implement.
Viability
Cost
Options
Identification of constraints
Schedule
Scope
Cost
Timing
Design:
Meetings with client
Determine the purpose and objectives of proposed construction
Preliminary programming
Schematic Plans:
Once the preliminary planning phase is complete, the project then enters a stage involving the
preparation of contract bid documents and working drawings.
During this stage, a monitoring of the design against the approved budget is essential.
Milestones must be established and met.
Logistics and schedule must be worked out.
Bidding phase:
At this point, the project is sent out for the bidding process. The bidding contractors are evaluated and
the project usually is awarded to the lowest responsible bidder.
PROCUREMENT PROCESS
Procurement planning.
Within one year of commencement of these rules, all procuring agencies shall devise a mechanism,
for planning in detail for all proposed procurements with the object of realistically determining the
requirements of the procuring agency, within its available resources, delivery time or completion date
and benefits that are likely to accrue to the procuring agency in future.
Specifications.-
Specifications shall allow the widest possible competition and shall not favor any single contractor or
supplier nor put others at a disadvantage. Specifications shall be generic and shall not include
references to brand names, model numbers, catalogue numbers or similar classifications. However if
the procuring agency is convinced that the use of or a reference to a brand name or a catalogue
number is essential to complete an otherwise incomplete specification, such use or reference shall be
qualified with the words “or equivalent”.
Approval mechanism.-
All procuring agencies shall provide clear authorization and delegation of powers for different
categories of procurement and shall only initiate procurements once approval of the competent
authorities concerned has been accorded.
Tendering Documents:
(Contract documents)
Bidding requirements
Instructions to bidders
Contract form
Contract conditions
Technical specifications
Construction Management:
The construction management tenders the work on behalf of the client, to qualified trade
contractors.
General Provisions
Owner
Contractor
Administration of the Contract
Subcontractors
Construction by the Owner or by separate Contractors
Changes in the Work
Time
Payments and Completion
Protection of Persons and Property
Insurance and Bonds
Uncovering and Correction of Work
Miscellaneous Provisions
Termination and Suspension of the Contract
Construction Phase:
During the construction phase, focus on material procurement. Labor resources are
secondary.
Communication and planning are more important than the technical aspects of physical
construction.
It also includes:
Bidding permit
Subcontractors
Scheduling of subcontractors
Shop drawings
Project submission
Change orders
Post-construction Phase:
Completion of deficiencies
Completion of deferred work
Issuance of close-out documents for the owner’s use
Commencement of the warranty period
Release of statutory holdback funds
Construction payment
As-built plans
Issuance of close-out documents for owner’s use
Notice of partial completion.
Notice of substantial completion
Notice of completion/Certificate of occupancy
TENDER NOTICE
• It is invitation from the owner to the contractor to execute some work at specified cost
in specified time. It is published in the form to tender notice in newspaper boards, gussets,
etc. according to the cost of works.
• Once client/government accepts a tender, it is binding on both parties. This means that
the person or company that won the tender has to provide the goods or services in the manner
agreed to and at the price offered, and client/government must pay the agreed price at the
agreed time. In other words, once accepted, a tender is a binding contract.