Guía Examen Recuperación

Relative clauses and adverbs.

We use:

 who or that to refer to people

o Tina, who is Helen’s sister, got her diploma last summer.
 which or that to refer to things
o The pen which is on your desk is mine.
 whose with people, animal and objects to show possession
o Bob, whose father is a lawyer, got promoted last month.
 when to refer to a time
o That was the year when we went to South Africa.
 where to refer to places
o The town where he lives is in the North West of England.

Tip: we can use who/that or which/that if the sentence is not between commas; if the sentence is
between commas, we can only use who or which

✔ My friend who lives in Mexico loves tacos.

✔ My friend that lives in Mexico loves tacos.
✔ My house, which is in a fancy neighbourhood, has many rooms.
✖ My house, that is in a fancy neighbourhood, has many rooms.

I. Complete the text using relative pronouns (who/that, which/that, whose, where, when)

Melanie Johnson, (1) ______________ house is opposite mine, is my favourite neighbour. She’s a
warm and friendly person (2) ______________ always likes to help other people. In the afternoon,
(3) ______________ I come home, she often waves and smiles to me from her front garden, (4)
______________she spends a lot of time in spring and summer. It has some lovely flowers, (5)
______________ she planted herself, and last week she gave some to my mother, (6)
______________ birthday was on Friday. She’s always been generous like that. I remember years
ago, (7) ______________ I was about ten, she painted a picture for me (8) ______________ was
so lovely and I put it on my bedroom wall. It’s still there. She and her son, (9) ______________ is a
doctor, work in the local hospital (10) ______________ I was born.

Second conditional (unreal present)

It used to express imaginary situations which are contrary to facts in the present, and therefore,
are unlikely to happen in the present or future. We can use were for all the persons when using
the verb to be in the if-clause.

If clause (past simple) Main clause (would/could/might + verb)

If I bought the tickets early, I could get the front row seats.
If I were taller, I would play basketball
If she were my girlfriend, we would go to the movies.
If he too much, didn’t eat he would be thinner.
We can also start a sentence with a main clause, we just omit the comma.
  If we had enough money, we could go to the cinema.
 We could go to the cinema if we had enough money.

II. Second conditional. Complete with the correct form of the verb.

1. If Diane _______________ (not eat) so much junk food, she ______________ (be) thinner.
2. If I ______________ (be) you, I ______________ (drink) more water.
3. If I ______________ (study) hard, I ______________ (pass) my English exam.
4. If you ______________ (have) more spare time, ____________________ (you/go) to the
gym?
5. Max ______________ (take) swimming classes if he ______________ (not have) allergies.
6. My dog ______________ (sleep) in its own house if we ______________ (build) a big
house with a big garden.
7. If you ______________ (not work) on Saturday, we ______________ (visit) our parents
more often.
8. If she ______________ (receive) a pay raise, she ______________ (buy) a new house.
9. I ______________ (eat) strawberries if I ______________ (not be) allergic to them.
10. If Emma ______________ (not live) so far, she ______________ (come) to our house more
often.

Must and Have to

We use have to and must to talk about necessity or obligation.

 He has to pay your rent before the fifth of the month.

 He must pay your rent before the fifth of the month.

We use don’t have to or doesn’t have to when ther is no necessity. (you have a choice)

 You don’t have to make a reservation at that restaurant. (you can go to the restaurant
without a reservation.)
 He doesn’t have to pay now. (He can pay later.)

Must not or the contraction mustn’t mean that you are not allowed to do something.

 You must not smoke here. (It is prohibited.)

 Children mustn’t say bad words in class. (It is not allowed.)

The past of have to and must is had to.

 I had to return to the library yesterday.

 She had to pay her taxes last week.

III. Choose the correct answer

1. How’s the weather?
a. It’s warm. You don’t have to wear a sweater.
b. It’s warm. You mustn’t wear a sweater.
 2. Dr, Finkel, can I smoke?
a. Absolutely not. You don’t really have to smoke.
b. Absolutely not. You really must not smoke.
3. Why were you absent?
a. I had to see the doctor.
b. I have to see the doctor.
4. Why can’t he go to the party?
a. He has to study.
b. He doesn’t have to study.
5. Why are you so late? It’s almost dark.
a. I have to wait in a line for an hour.
b. I had to wait in a line for an hour.
6. Why does she get up so early?
a. She has to take three buses to get to work.
b. She had to take three buses to get to work.
7. What’s the meaning of that sign in the chemical factory?
a. You don’t have to smoke.
b. You mustn’t smoke.
8. He’s a wonderful cook, but he’s very thin.
a. You don’t have to be fat to be a wonderful cook.
b. You mustn’t be fat to be a wonderful cook.

Vocabulary: Study the following words and write an example with each of them.

word meaning vocabulary

fatty (adj) containing too much fat Goose is a very fatty  meat
This sort  of hot  and
spicy food is very  typical of
the food in the south of
spicy (adj) containing strong flavours from spices the country.
She offered me
the second of two people, things,
more money or a  car and
latter (n) or groups previously mentioned:
I chose the latter.

strongly limiting someone's freedom to behave a My parents were very

s they wish, or likely to severely punish someone strict with  me when I
if they do not obey: was young.
strict (adj)
The restaurant is at the top  of
one of
a very tall building:
the big  downtown  skyscraper
skyscraper (n) s.

Being a pilot is my dream job.

dream job (n) the perfect job that you want more than any other

a building with a roof and sides made of glass, Gladys grows  a lot

used for growing plants that of tomatoes in her
need warmth and protection: greenhouse.
greenhouse (n)
 They believe that  judges  are
not
too
as severe or strong in punishment or judgment a
lenient  with terrorist  suspects
s would be expected:
lenient (adj) .

based on
Some people are
or believing in superstitions (= beliefs based on o
superstitious  about spilling s
ld ideas about luck and magic rather than scienc
alt on the table.
e or reason):
superstitious (adj)
a condition in which you
It's about a  middle-aged  New
are unable to control thoughts or feelings that pr
York cop  who is having
event you from living and working as you usually
a nervous breakdown.
do:
breakdown (n)
Let me  help  you up. Are you
hurt (adj) injured or in pain:
hurt?
He was removed from
physical harm or damage done to a living thing
injury (n) the game with a  knee  injury.
Her plans are not realistic  -
an idea or plan that is impossible or
they'll never be more than
very unlikely to happen:
pipe dream (n) a pipe dream.

having a slightly stinging, strong taste,
The coffee was bitter.
not salty or sweet:
bitter (adj)

The exam will also contain a reading exercise and a writing exercise about a recipe.