CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE LIMITED

REVISION HISTORY
Name Signature Date
Prepared by:
Reviewed by:
Approved by:

1.0 PERSONNEL REQUIRED

 Site Engineer/Supervisor
 Site technicians
 Carpenter
 Mason

2.0 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

1. Set of hand tools

2. Fibre optic cable termination/ Splicing tool kit
3. Splicing Machine Fujikura FMS 40S/SOS/Sumitomo Microcore Type 39
4. AT & Y Connectorization Kit
5. Fibre optic cable stripper
6. Cleaver
7. Cable Rollers, Stand and Jacks
8. Digital Multimeter
9. Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
10. Set of nylon ropes
11. Electric Power Tools (i.e drill etc)
12. Boom
13. Power Meter
14. Power Source
 15. Talk set
16. Launch Cable
17. Fibre tracer
18. Fibre view scope
19. Laser Pointer
20. Splicing tray
21. Heat gun
22. Cleaving tool
23. Polishing tool
24. Buffer stripper

3.0 PERSONNAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

 Reflective Jacket
 Protective Helmet
 Safety Boot
 Hand Gloves
 Rain Boot
 Coveralls

4.0 INTRODUCTION

Underground cable is placed into ducts which are being built below the ground surface. In urban areas where space for
telecommunications cable is limited, it needs to be used more efficiently. In underground installation, the conduit
provides protection from both physical and environmental abuse. The conduit protects cable from shifting rocks,
aggressive rodents, and/ or damage from hand shovels. Underground cable that is in conduit is easy to replace or
upgrade. The old cable can be pulled out of the conduit and the new pulled in without extensive and expensive digging.
Underground cable and ducts are part of the underground conduit system. Telecommunication conduits are made from
various materials and buried directly into the soil or encased in concrete. Fiber optic cables have provided a more
optimal use of available underground conduit space because of its small cable diameter and the much higher
communications traffic capacity of each cable. Optical cable is usually placed in a 25 to 40 mm inside diameter (ID) sub-
duct which is placed into an existing larger diameter communications conduit. Most communications conduits can be
fitted with three or four sub-ducts. Sub-ducts are often referred to as innerducts. An innerduct provides a more efficient
use of the conduit system space, with a clean low coefficient-of-friction pathway and an extra measure of mechanical
protection for an optical cable. If micro-duct cables are used, they are usually placed into small diameter ducts that are
placed inside of the innerducts, nested two levels within a communications conduit system. These small diameter ducts
are usually from approx 5mm to 14mm inside diameter and called microducts. Micro-duct cable is blown (jetted) into
the micro-duct. Normally, standard size fiber optic cables are pulled into innerduct (sub-ducts).

5.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1. Special tools and testing tools shall bear valid calibration certificates traceable to National Standards
indicating calibration validity and periodically (at least 12 months0 checked by a third party laboratory
testing facilicy .
2. Manpower, equipment, tools and other logistics shall be ready and prepared for installation
3. Fibre optic cable shall be withdrawn after dermining inspection report as accepted with material receiving
report form
4. Unless otherwise stated, all tests shall be conducted by the communication site engineer and witnessed by
the communication QC Inspector. The tests shall be recoreded as defined herein.
5. Splicing procedures shall be done as per available fibre optic cable (FOC) splicing instructions with this
procedure

5.1 Fibre Optic Cable Routing

1. The fibre optic cables route for all new cables shall be approved by the client prioe to the trenching and
cable works
2. For direct buried fibre optic cables, it is recommended that, route be ripped, so that obstacles can be
identified and removed and the placing operation precautions during installation and back filling shall be in
accordance with the requirements of SAES-T-628 and SAE-T-629.
3. All buried and unburied cable route shall be marked in accordance with standard drawings.
4. Cable reel storage condition and protection shall be verified as per manufacturers recommendation.

5.2 Cable Bending Radius For Fibre Optics

Bending radius specified by the cable manufacturer shall be obtained where available as per SAES-T-624 Par.
4.1.10

i. 10 times the cable diameter, when the cable not under tension
ii. 2o times the cable diameter, when the cable is under tension

Pulling tension on the fibre optic cable shall not exceed 600 pounds

Cable shall be pulled in a straight line and never be bent or wrapped around the hand or any object

6.0 METHODOLOGY
Generally, one or more cables shall be placed in an open trench well prepared by digging a narrow trench and having it
covered with a bed of fine granular soil, several inches thick to serve as a protective bed for the cable to cushion it from
any sharp rocks at the floor of the trench. The cables would then be covered with the same granular material to a depth
of approximately 6 inches. The granular backfill provides good cushioning of the cable with protection from stones that
could migrate into the cable from years of surface loading and climatic conditions. The remainder of the trench would be
backfilled with clean soil, usually the original soil excavated from the trench. The surface would then be compacted.

If unoccupied sub-ducts or conduits are being placed with the buried cable they may also be assembled and laid
alongside of the buried cable for eventual placement onto the trench. The cable shall be laid out with sufficient extra
cable at the splice locations to satisfy splicing length requirements, maintenance requirements, and spare length to
compensate for any splicing problems. The cable shall be carefully lifted into the open trench, being careful not to
violate its minimum bend radius limit. If sub-ducts are to be placed alongside the buried cable, they shall be placed next
to the cable with several inches space between the two entities. The sub-duct shall be placed under slight tension to
remove any undulations and keep it as straight as possible. Cross-over's between individual items being placed is not
permitted. The buried cable (and sub-duct) shall be covered with a lift of select granular soil to a depth 4 to 6 inches
above its top surface. The remainder of the trench shall be filled in two lifts with good quality soil containing no debris or
large rocks. A plastic warning tape shall be buried between the two top layers of soil backfill alerting future construction
forces to the presence of the buried cable, see Figure 3. The filled trench shall be compacted with a compactor or using
the rubber tire or track from the excavator. If a below ground crossing obstacle is encountered, a trench exposing the
obstacle shall be carefully dug, if necessary, by hand. The buried cable shall then be either passed under or over the
obstacle. In some cases, a roadway can be cut with a very narrow slot to lay the cable into. This slot shall be prepared
with a bed of select granular soil before the cable is placed. The remainder of the slot shall be filled with the same select
granular soil. The road surface shall be patched after a week or two to fill in the slot to settle. Often surface obstacles are
breached using directional drilling or tunneling. A starting pit needs to be prepared for the drilling or tunneling
operation. The excavated trench for the buried cable shall be brought to the starting pit. The buried cable would then be
hand fed through the tunnel casing.

Manhole or Handhole Housekeeping

Cable Coiling

Spare cable from the cable placing operation should be stored in splice manholes or hand holes in a neat coil wrapped
with a radius greater than the minimum bend radius of the cable. Forms for the cable coiling operation can be
commercially purchased. Cable coils should be stored in a safe location, away from the normal work operations. The
cable coils should be cable tied in place.

Racking Cable and Innerduct

The cable shall be properly terminated in a splice closure. The proper clamping of the central strength member is
necessary to provide a positive stop to prevent central strength member (CSM) pistoning. In addition, the jacket shall be
properly secured to prevent jacket retraction or cable slippage. If possible, when racking cables in intermediate hand
holes, the innerduct shall be continuous through the handhole. The innerduct will provide the cable with an extra layer
of protection during future work activities. The innerduct and enclosed cable shall be formed to the sides of the
handhole, being careful to maintain the cable's minimum bend radius. Once the cable and innerduct have been formed
along the handhole walls in a safe location, they shall be secured to the handhole using plastic cable ties. Pulling slack
innerduct from adjacent handholes is not recommended. Expressing micro-duct cable buffer tubes through a splice
closures is not recommended. The buffer tubes shall be opened in the splice closure and the express fibers shall be
stored in the closure's splice trays or routed in furcation tubing through the closure. If the buffer tubes are expressed
through the splice closure, an increase in attenuation may occur at colder temperatures.

Fibre Optic Cable Splicing Procedure

 Check that the equipment/fibre splice boxes and fibre optic patch panel are already available. Put PVC cap on
the connector patch panels when not in use ensuring they are covered to keep them clean
 Ensure that the splicing shall be done in controlled environment and the work area is clean and away from
source of dust. Use lint-free wipes ( not cotton swaps or rags) to clean every fibre end before splicing or testing’
 Whenever connectors are not terminated, they should be covered with PVC cap to protect the end of the ferrule
from dirt. One should never touch the end of the ferrule, since the oil on one’s skin causes the ferrule to attract
dirt.
 Prepare the fibre optic cable by removing the outer jacket of the cable to expose the cable which usually has
Kevlar using separator scissors and cut the Kevlar leaving 6mm or 8mm sticking out of the jacket. Hold the cable
to prevent the buffered fibre from being pulled out of the outer jacket before stripping.
 Remove the buffer with modified no-nik tools arrow pointing in the direction of the stripping. Remove at least
16mm of the fibre’s buffer into 3 bites of the of the no-nik tools.
 After removing the buffer wipe the fibre with lint-free cloth dampened with alcohol or alcohol pad. Ensure there
is no buffer residue of dirt on the fibre by holding it light and inspecting the fibre for smooth and shiny surface.
 After cleaning all the fibre with alcohol, inspect and hold the connection up to a light the capillary hole of the
ceramic ferrule is clean. If the hole is obstructed, blow it clear with compressed air or use a piece of stainless
wire to clean the hole.
 Fibre optics is then ready for splicing and termination. Before beginning the splicing operation, secure the cable
in an optical fibre splicer tray/organizer. Splice the fibre optic cable to to the factory made fibre optic pigtail.

 CASHES Policy
It is the policy of EMHED PLUS LIMITED to carry out its business
activities in such a manner that no fatality or injuries or damage to
property arises.
Every necessary step shall be taken to safeguard and protect all
that work for us including third parties and host communities.
Positive attitude to safety shall be rewarded as incentive. Detailed
work safe procedures are in place and quality site management
visit must be implemented. In order to ensure an available
performance, the following strategies will be adopted: 
 .   The continuous identification of accident causes. 

 • The control of accident causes. 

 • The minimization of accident losses. 

EMHED PLUS LIMITED will ensure relevant HSE training is in place for all its employees. Work may
affect any or every system of the human body. It is therefore essential that early recognition of health
hazards is established, monitored and controlled. The company retains the services of good clinics to
take care of the workers. Staff and other personnel are encouraged to make use of these facilities.
The company places great emphasis on the promotion of the total health concept and the protection
workers. 

EMHED PLUS LIMITED is committed to ensure clean and healthy environment especially in the
course of work. We take environmental sanitation program seriously. Active promotion of safe
environmental situation program seriously. Active promotion is not only essential but also a good
business. Every effort will be concentrated towards minimization of dust and disposal of chemicals
injurious to health. It is expected of every employee to provide health and environment acceptable
condition both at home and work. 

APRIL, 2017. 

YOURS FAITHFULLY, 
FOR: EMHED PLUS LIMITED

  OlubodeAdedamola  

Adedamola Olubode 
MANAGING DIRECTOR 

PRECAUTIONS

Cable bending radius:

Optical fiber cables are designed with a minimum bending radius and maximum tensile strength. The cable shall never
be bent below its minimum bending radius. Doing so can result in bending losses and/or breaks in the cable's fibers.
Generally, the minimum bending radius of a fiber cable under load is 20 × D, where D is the diameter of cable; the
minimum bending radius of a fiber cable under no load is 15 × D.

Cable Placing Tension:

Optical cables are designed with a maximum tensile strength. The cable shall never be loaded beyond its maximum
tensile strength. Exceeding this value provided in the Cable Data Sheet / Specification, can alter cable and fiber
performance and shorten its service lifetime. All optical cables are sensitive to damage during shipping, handling, and
installation. Some of the important parameters that need special attention during cable installation are:
LED and Laser Precaution

LED and Laser beams used in testing fiber optic cable and transmission systems are invisible to the human eye and can
seriously damage the eye. Viewing these beams directly may not cause any pain and the iris of eye does not close
automatically as it does while viewing a bright light. As a result, the eye may not react to protect itself, causing serious
damage to result to the retina

Material Safety:

Fiber optic splicing and termination processes require various chemical cleaners and adhesives. The safety instructions
defined for these substances shall also be followed. If there is confusion in usage of these products, ask the
manufacturer for a MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet). Remember the following instructions while working with
materials. Always work in well-ventilated areas. Avoid skin contact to materials involved as much as possible. Avoid
using chemicals that cause allergic reactions. Even simple isopropyl alcohol, used as a cleaner is flammable and shall be
handle appropriately.

Fire Safety:
The fusion splices use an electric spark to make splice, so ensure that there are no flammable gases in the space
where fusion splicing is done. Splicing shall never be done in places manholes where gases can accumulate. The
cables are brought up to the surface into a splicing trailer where all fiber work is done. So the splicing trailer is
temperature-controlled and kept spotlessly clean to ensure good splicing. Smoking shall not be allowed around
fiber optic work.The ashes from smoking can contribute to the dust problems in fibers, apart from the danger of
explosion posed by them due to presence of combustible substances.
Working Safety:
To minimize the risks of an accident in the work area follow specified rules for setting up barricades, manhole
guards and warning signs. Before pulling cable directly from the Figure 8 shape, make sure that the area inside
the loop of the cable is clear of personnel and equipment. Failure to do so may result in injury to personnel or
damage to the cable due to entanglement. Ensure that the tools and equipment used for cable installation are in
proper condition. Corrosion of equipment may damage cable or cause injury to personnel. Take care of electric
hazards, if electrical lines are passing through the manholes or vaults where installation is being done.
Safety summary:
 Keep all food and beverages out of the work area. If fiber particles are ingested they can cause internal
hemorrhaging.
 Wear disposable aprons to minimize fiber particles on your clothing. Fiber particles on your clothing can
later get into food, drinks, and/or be ingested by other means.
 Always wear safety glasses with side shields, suitable safety Helmet, Safety belts and protective gloves.
Handle the fiber optic splinters similar to glass splinters.
 Never look directly through the end of fiber cables till you ensure that there is no light source at the
other end. Use a fiber optic power meter to make sure that fiber is dark. When using an optical tracer or
continuity checker,
 Look at the fiber from an angle at least 6 inches away from your eye to determine if the visible light is
present.
 Only work in well-ventilated areas.
 Do not touch your eyes while working with fiber optic systems until they have been thoroughly washed.
 Keep all combustible materials away from the curing ovens.
 Dispose the fiber scraps properly
 Thoroughly clean your work area after completion of installation Do not smoke while working with fiber
optic systems.