Textile Testing & Quality

Title: To determine the Bowing of the given

fabric.
Submitted by:
Tauqeer Raza

06-NTU-97

8th semester

Submitted to:

Mr. Salman Naeem Sb.

Garments Department

NTU Faisalabad
 Abstract:
This test method determines change in Bowing in woven and knitted fabrics or twist in
garments when subjected to repeated automatic laundering procedures commonly use
in the home. Washing and drying procedures used for shrinkage tests and other home
laundering tests are specified for this method.

For some fabrics the degree of twist of fabric in garments is not solely dependent on
its behavior in the unsewn state; it also may be dependent on the manner of garment
assembly.

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Contents
Abstract:..................................................................................................................... 1

Theory:........................................................................................................................ 3

Purpose and Scope................................................................................................... 3

Bowing:.................................................................................................................... 3

Principle:..................................................................................................................... 4

Objective:.................................................................................................................... 4

APPARATUS:................................................................................................................ 4

Procedure:................................................................................................................... 4

Measurements & Calcutaions....................................................................................... 4

Conclusion:................................................................................................................. 5

Reference:................................................................................................................... 5

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 Theory:

Purpose and Scope

This test method determines change in Bowing in woven and knitted fabrics or
twist in garments when subjected to repeated automatic laundering procedures
commonly used in the home. Washing and drying procedures used for shrinkage tests
and other home laundering tests are specified for this method.
For some fabrics the degree of twist of fabric in garments is not solely dependent on
its behavior in the unsewn state; it also may be dependent on the manner of garment
assembly.

Bowing:
The condition in which the filling yarns lie in the fabric in the shape of an
arc is called fabric bow.

Fabrics with bow or skew are not acceptable in today’s quality conscious
business environment. If not corrected, bowed or skewed materials become seconds
or reruns. Bow and skew detection and correction machines are used for this purpose.
Figure 13.6 shows a single width terry towel bow and skew control machine. This
particular machine detects and corrects bow and skew error by monitoring the cut
bands oriented in the filling direction of the single width web. Using an optical
detection system, the exposed portion of the cut band’s filling yarn is electronically
monitored. Correction signals are sent to the machineImportance of skewness:

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 Bowing creates difficulties during tailoring, sewing, and the process of three-
dimensional forming. Garments made from bowed fabric may behave differently on
each part of the body and, as a result,cause the fabric to lose its shape.
The problem can occur in the warping, weaving, and finishing processes. The main
cause at any step of the finishing process is the variation in running yarns rotate in a
bow form.

Principle:
Change in bowing in fabric or twist in garment specimens resulting from
procedures typical of home laundering practices is measured using bench marks
applied to the specimens before laundering

Objective:
 To calculate bowing %age of given fabric

APPARATUS:
Rule marked, pen, scissor and sample.

Procedure:
 On a 169cm width fabric specimen, a line is drawn reference line YZ across the
width of the specimen.
 Line YZ should be approximately 75 mm (3 in.) above the bottom edge (or hem
of garment).
 A weft yarn is removed on the line YZ. After removing weft yarn, there is a
space on the fabric.
 It is not straight to the line. It is in the form of bow.
 The highest point in bowing is measured.
 These are put in the formula to calculate bowing %age.

Measurements & Calcutaions

W = YZ = 169cm

D = 1.8cm

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Bowing %age = D/W x 100

= 1.8/169 x 100

= 6.5

Conclusion:
Bowing of the given sample is 6.5%.

Reference:
Article: Alavi F, and Abdolmotalebi N. 1999, Role of the Warping on the weaving
quality, Department of Textile Engineering, The University of Yazd.
Article: BIFMA Tex4.1-2005
Article: Adanur, S. , Wel l ington Sears Handbook of Industrial Textiles,
Technomic Publishing Co., Inc.,1995.