DOWNLOADED FROM www. CivilEnggForAll.com a, if (WFO is continuous (iii) Lt te f(0) is finite. Tt should however, be noted that the above conditions are sufficient and not necessary. For example, L(1V¢ ) exists, though U/Vé is infinite at ¢ = 0. [EBEEI TRANSFORMS OF ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS ‘The direct application of the definition gives the following formulae : MLM (s>0) [om . ren] erwise @LE= sy (>a) (4) L (sin at) (s>0) (5) L (cos at) = (s>0) # © L(sinb at) @>le) (DL (oosh at) = @>la) Proofs.(1) L(t) = fo e*.1ae Fite>o. o [ret eae fee (BY - ® Lee fet ataen fy er (2) 2 om putting at =p 1p oe Ta+D = yt fp oP Pt ep In particular Z(e™% = 4/2) E shat. TU it et - pt vin >~1and s > 0. (Page 302] Inn be a positive integer, Pin +1) =n! (0) p. 802}, therefore, Lit)=n tient), @) Leena [Pet a dt= ee a a sin at dt= Pa Similarly, the reader should prove (6) himself. © Lisink at) = f° e* sinh at dt= f° (f3 =) ae ig enor gp fF even a= tats Similarly, the reader should prove (7) himself.DOWNLOADED FROM www.CivilEnggForAll.com 728 | Hionen Ewoneerine MATHSWATICS PROPERTIES OF LAPLACE TRANSFORMS 1. Linearity property. If a, b, ¢ be any constants and f, g, h any functions of t, then L [afit) + batt) - ch(t)] = a. (£(¢)) + BL (g(t)} ~ eL (hit) For by definition, LHS. = JF e* laflt) + ba(t)— ch(e)l dt aa ft e™ fldesb [> e™ gdt—c fo e* Ke) de = aLif(e) + bLg(t) - eLIh(e) This result can easily be generalised Because of the above property of L, it is called a linear operator. Lie" f(t) = F(s-a). By definition, Lie (i= fF e°* et fle) dt = fe" fat = [fe feat, where r=s—a= Fir) = Fe-a). Thus, if we know the transform F (s) of Fit), we can write the transform of e f(t) simply replacing s by s-atoget F(s~a). Application of this property leads us to the following useful results : ML (ee) a (2) TL (eatesy = —B! LG = (3) L(e*tsin bb = (4) L (e** cos bt) (6) L (e**cosh bt) = where in each case s > a. ‘Example 21.1. Find the Laplace transforms of 7 (sin 2 sin 3t (ti) cos? 2¢ (itt) sin? 2, bie j Solution, (i) Since sin 2¢ sin 3¢ = } {cos ¢ cos 5¢] Lin ti 90= Buco) Lc = 3 = = | wa! Far +R] Gene? +25) (a) Since cos? 2 = 3.0 +08 48 L cost) = 3 (L (1) + Lens 4e|=DOWNLOADED FROM www. CivilEnggForAll.com ‘(mean EI Gti) Since sin 6¢ = 3 sin 2¢—4 sin? 2t = Ssin 2¢— sin 6¢ = $L (ein 2) EL (sin 60) or sin? L (sin8 24) 48 2L(€* cos 5t) — Le sin 5¢) om, —2t8 __».__ 6 ____ 8 GrBr ee ra 46? +6544 fa, sn2 8-2" 2 val” Gi) Since Lolty= TGP. Oar “by shifting property, we obtain L (e Vt) = & Solution. We haved sinh at) 0} =L[ Fie —e*) fo |=4 wet fo -Lte#fon = 517 te-a)~ Fea), by shifting property. 1 Similarly, Llleosh at) f() = 5 Ute ON + fer FON = glFls—a)+ Fs + al, by shifting property. @ Since L(sin 8¢) = —~2_,., the first result gives +e? _ 3 128 eda arse ats i) Since (cos 28) = <5" y, the second result gives 1 3 o+8 2s(s? - 5) L w= 838 _|___ tale?) ooeti8t cow 28) At ital — 105" + 169ie Higher Enoneenine Mamewancs Example 214. Show that J 2a8 Litera +2? OL sinad = aay Bhopal, 2002) i) L{ tows ab) = 7 1 ___(+ia? (s— ia [(s~iaXs + ia)? ct (s? - a)? + i(2a8) Lle cos at +i sin at)) = “ae Solution. Since L(t)=Us®. -. Lite) = Equating the real and imaginary parts from both sides, we get the desired results. ‘Example 21.5. Find the Laplace transform of f(t) defined as WFO =tt, when Ot. (Kerala, 2005) 1, O2 Solution.(i) iy LU@I= ect rds fo tdes fF em" .0) dt { vem et) (ors =} + e *) Example 21,6. Find the Laplace transform of (i) (Kurukshetra, 2005) ji coe VE 4 Wi) (Mumbai, 2009) =e is Solution. (i) Since (Jf -1/ Jf) = #— 34? + 3 ® Lt - 118) = Le)— ale”) + aL(-¥) — Li) ~ FG/2+) gl Ala+y , Pev2+) TC3/2+) “() 38 vn 3 Vm -(a-$ pa peDOWNLOADED FROM www. CivilEnggForAll.com Gi) We know that cos @ = 1— oni a1 fo and colt pan le 21 a som) Fam ram A162) 1 ro) ve)” g@ 21 “al 4 el _TW2 1 Wrye, 1 92.v2.rde) 1 52.am.v2.T de 2 é 6! @ a) Solution. (i) Given function is equivalent. to 2 Ostl8 ‘ 21.10= loose Gfedres, 2000 8) 22. fldm 1 Wee (Rajasthan, 2006) #,0 2078 2. ro- {5 We oo 24, fin] EM RK <8 tumbai, 2007) ‘ Tes. 1 if I - find Lle-!f (2 25. ICL (AO) = aE find Lie! 20) TRANSFORMS OF PERIODIC FUNCTIONS If FO is a periodic function with period 7, ie.,f(t+ 1) =f, then [et roa Ly) = ~—_— We have Lipol= [Te flode= [fe flodes [i e* flddes [iv &* fides... In the second integral put ¢ = u + T, in the third integral put ¢= u + 27, and so on. Then Lipo Fe pnaes fF et fur Trdus [Pe flu eT du +o. = let fwdtre®™ [Fe* pudure™ [ie fuddus be f@)=fu+7 Re roaes (u +20) ete] = Let pinaree® et pendes e Lee Pee ely ne) fe finde = or hee rode, (V.7.U,, 2008 ; Mumbai, 2006) =eDOWNLOADED FROM www. CivilEnggForAll.com Solution. Since ff) is a periodic function with period 2r/o. 1 pie LEO) = Po fo Pt = odes [Jf ee sin ra « (" e* 0.t] 1-e" ~ 1 &" 8 sin at - cos at) oo +0 eo ~ 1 Gey a) dre ye sot) € + Gey 407) Le YS? +07) ‘Solution. Here the period of f(¢) = 2n and its graph is as in Fig. 21.1. » Ef O= Aan | ected + [ten natl | (Hes) Ee) ot TRANSFORMS OF SPECIAL FUNCTIONS () Transform of Bessel functions J,(x) and J,() We know that 18 16.7 (0), p. 5531 ara Lisa = 2-42! — . Fe Fe Fas = 2f)-2(4),1:3(4)_1:3-5( 1) =f (a)+4(3) reg} ove wif(i4t)" -—1 (+3) Yeap “@ Also since Il) =-J,(0). [Problem 40), p. 5571 UJ (2) =~ L165) =~ [std fa} - 1) = 1- S$ — 7 (0) = Lid) =~ LUO M1 a 2 (@) Transform of Error function Wo know that f(a) = foota $7.18, p.312)DOWNLOADED FROM www. CivilEnggForAll.com (Mumbai, 2009) ...3) (8) Transform of Laguerre’s polynomials L, (x) We know that L,(2) = See) (§ 16.18, p. 571) LILO = [> ee! Sweat aif arte Suetea “1 a leurned’ a ety (ee ade act wre =F col sperm rucn - = ie d =o-v perm te 2 (e't" dt. (Integrating by parts) =D [FeO ete dt=(e-" [Fe sat =(6- 1" Le") = Hence LIL,@o= 41 1 Solution, (é) We know that L{J,(at)} = 1 Ns? +a") By shifting property, we get stg fat))= 11 Meno = Tak sath Wet + Boa + 2a) (ii) We know that LlerfVE) = ay Leerf 2) = Lert J@D)=DOWNLOADED FROM www. CivilEnggForAll.com TRANSFORMS OF DERIVATIVES (1) Iff(0 be continuous and Lif (0) = f(), then Lif (0) = s fis) fO0)- Lif@l= [Fe pode Untegrate by parts] “ fol, - [J cae". fat. Now assuming f(t) to be such that a. e-* f(t) = 0. When this condition is satisfied, f (t) is said to be exponential order 8. Thus, LY'O)=fO +8 whence follows the desired result. (2) If f(t) and its first (n ~ 1) derivatives be continuous, then L{fr(t)) = 8 f(s) - $1 (0) - s8-* (0) - .. - #-" (0). Using the general rule of integration by parts (Footnote p. 398). Lipo) = [re fade = fet fn) — Cade f"-2t) + 8P eft) —.. FCI csytet. (OG +EWE a" fF e* fade = =f" ¥ 0) = sf"? (0) —s2f"-40)—... 8" fO) 4.8" [> eM POdt Assuming that Bed eft) =0 for m =0,1, 2, ....m-1. ‘This proves the required result. ‘TRANSFORMS OF INTEGRALS IrLifo) = Fe), then {ff turd Let MO= fp flu) du, then 916) = 7) and 4(0) =0 Li9(Ol = sHs)— 40) (By § 21.7 (D1 or He) = TWO) ie, Of feddu)=2 Fis). MULTIPLICATION BY t” IFLIF()) = Fs), then (8), where n= 1, 2,3. a Lie fol=cD oS