Index

G D
acceleration, 221 de Moivre’s theorem, 99

E
AM/GM inequality, 75, 86 powers of complex numbers, 98
Argand diagram, 18 roots of complex numbers, 107

ES
circle geometry, 42 roots of unity, 105

PA T
circles, 39 trigonometric identities, 101
curves, 20 de Moivre and Euler, 115
curves, 37 direction cosine, 185

E EC
parabolas, 39
rays, 39
regions, 41
straight lines, 38
arithmetic mean, 75
direction vector, 195
and general form, 195
and gradient, 195
divisibility, 67
dot product, 179
chain rule, 129 component form, 181
column vector, 174 equation
PL R
complex number plane, 18 of a circle, 204
complex numbers, 4 of a line, 193
argument, 22 of a plane, 209
M R

arithmetic, 1 of a sphere, 206

conjugates, 4 equivalent, 62
conjugates, 7 Euler’s formula — exponential form, 113
Euler’s identity, 115
O

division, 5
Euler’s identity, 115 Euler and de Moivre, 115
imaginary numbers, 4 exponential form, 113
i, 3 roots of complex numbers, 120
SA C

imaginary part, 6 exponential identities, 119

mod-arg form, 22 for all, 60
modulus, 22 force, 219
resolution, 220
N

polar form, 22
fundamental theorem of algebra, 49
polynomials, 45
fundamental theorem of arithmetic, 72, 95
powers of i, 3
geometric mean, 75
powers, 98
U

geometry and complex numbers, 19

real part, 6
addition, 32
realising the denominator, 5
conjugates, 19
vectors, 30
multiplication by i, 20
complex square roots, 12
multiplication, 26
general case, 14
opposites, 19
Pythagoras, 13
subtraction, 32
contrapositive, 63
geometry in three dimensions, 215
converse, 62
gravity, 265
coordinate axes, 167
imaginary axis, 19
coordinate planes, 169 implication, 59
coordinates of a point, 169 inconsistent equations, 201
counterexample, 57

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 302 Index

induction, 80 proof by contraposition, 70

inequalities, 81 Pythagoras, 169
recursive formulae, 82 quadratic equations, 10
review, 80 complex coefficients, 14
inequality, 74 complex roots, 11
AM/GM, 75, 86 real coefficients, 10
calculus, 87 quadratic method, 12
geometry, 86 quantifiers, 60
integration, 125 ratio division, 176

G D
algebraic manipulation, 127 rationalising the numerator, 143
chain rule, 129 real axis, 19
denominators with quadratics, 141 reduction formulae, 156
partial fractions, 134 regions, 41

E
powers of cos and sin, 150 resisted motion, 242
powers of sec and tan, 151 downward journey, 250

ES
products to sums, 153 horizontal, 242

PA T
rationalising the numerator, 143 upward journey, 249
reduction formulae, 156 vertical, 248
standard integrals, 125 resolution of forces, 220
E EC
substitution, 129
t-substitution, 153
integration by parts, 145
irreducible, 50
right-handed, 167
roots of complex numbers, 107, 120
roots of unity, 105
scalar product, 179
line, 196 set, 58
segment, 198 complement, 58
PL R
through a given point, 196 equal, 63
through two given points, 197 intersection, 60
lines, 193 subset, 60
parallel and perpendicular, 199 shifting — in the complex plane, 27
M R

skew, 201 simple harmonic motion, 226

logical value, 57 acceleration, 229
midpoint formula, 170 differential equation, 231, 236
O

mod-arg form, 23 displacement, 235

product, 25 pendulum, 267
necessary, 61 speed, 229
negation, 58 time, 226
SA C

Newton — laws of motion, 219 transformation, 228

parallel and perpendicular lines, 199 standard integrals, 125
parametric equations, 194, 206, 208 statement, 56
N

partial fractions, 134 proven, 57

cover-up rule, 136 substitution, 129
finding constants, 135 sufficient, 61
linear factors, 135 sum of two squares, 4
U

quadratic factors, 138 t-substitution, 153

repeated factors, 138 terminal velocity, 252
perpendicular distance, 188 there exists, 60
perpendicular vector, 200 triangle inequality, 32, 76
polar form, 23 vector form, 180
polynomials, 45 trigonometric identities, 101, 119
complex numbers, 45 trigonometric integrals, 150
integer coefficients, 45 powers of cos and sin, 150
remainders, 47 powers of sec and tan, 151
projectile motion, 257, 267 products to sums, 153
projection, 186 variable gravity, 265
proof by contradiction, 71

Uncorrected sample pages • Cambridge University Press © Sadler & Ward, 2019 • 978-1-108-77105-4 • Ph 03 8671 1400
 Index 303

vectors, 173
column vector, 174
component form, 173
direction cosine, 185
dot product, 179
equation of a circle, 204
equation of a line, 193
equation of a plane, 209
equation of a sphere, 206

G D
magnitude, 175
parametric equations, 194, 206, 208
perpendicular, 200
projection, 186

E
proof, 191
review, 173

ES
scalar product, 179

PA T
vectors and complex numbers, 30
addition, 31
equal vectors, 31
E EC
subtraction, 31
velocity — function of displacement, 237
z-plane, 18
zeroes, 47
degree and number, 49
multiple, 48
PL R
real coefficients, 47
M R O
SA C
N
U

Uncorrected sample pages • Cambridge University Press © Sadler & Ward, 2019 • 978-1-108-77105-4 • Ph 03 8671 1400